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Puhui (Tamarici Caulis) 7 fen, Huashi (Talcum) 3 fen.
The above two ingredients are pounded into a powder. Take one fangcun bi (a square-inch measure) with water, three times daily.

Huashi (Talcum) 2 fen, Luanfa (Burned Human Hair) 3 fen, Baiyu (Silverfish) 2 fen.
The above three ingredients are pounded into a powder. Take half a qian bi (a half-coin measure) with water, three times daily.

Fuling (Poria) ban jin, Baizhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma) 2 liang, Rongyan (Roc Salt) one piece the size of a bullet.
The above three ingredients are boiled in five sheng (liters) of water until three sheng remain. Divide into three warm doses.
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In Lin syndrome (dysuria), urine is discharged like millet grains, and there is tension and urgency in the lower abdomen with pain radiating to the umbilicus.
[Note]
Both difficulty in urination and Lin syndrome may present with tension and urgency in the lower abdomen and pain radiating to the umbilicus. However, in difficulty in urination, the urinary pathway is obstructed with scanty urine but no pain; whereas in Lin syndrome, there is frequent urination, obstruction in the urinary pathway, and pain. They are different. Urine discharged in shapes resembling millet grains is what is currently called Shi Lin (Lithiasis Dysuria).
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Patients with Lin syndrome should not be treated with sweating methods. If sweating is induced, hematuria will inevitably occur.
[Note]
Lin jia (patients with chronic Lin syndrome) suffer from damp-heat accumulating in the Bladder. If sweating is induced, dampness leaves with the sweat, but heat remains alone, depleting the fluids of the Water organ (Kidney/Bladder). Heat forces Yin blood to exit via urination, which is what is currently called Xue Lin (Hemorrhagic Dysuria).
[Collected Notes]
Gao Shishi said: The bladder fluids of patients with Lin syndrome are initially deficient, so sweating should not be used. If sweating is induced, it further deprives their fluids, leading to exhaustion of Qi in the Bladder and emptiness in the Baozhong (uterus/bladder). Thus, hematuria, including both fecal and urinary bleeding, must occur.

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If the Shaoyin pulse is tight and deep, tight indicates pain, and deep indicates water retention, making urination difficult. When pulses of various types are found to be deep, one should attribute this to water retention, accompanied by bodily edema and heaviness.
[Commentary]
The statement "When pulses of various types are found to be deep" discusses the initial pulse patterns of Edema diseases and should be placed at the beginning of the chapter. However, in ancient texts, the four sentences "Shaoyin pulse tight and deep..." appear above this statement. The meaning does not connect smoothly, and there are missing bamboo slips, so they are not explained.
[Note]
Coughing and wheezing without swelling is called Phlegm-Fluid (Tan Yin); edema and heaviness without coughing and wheezing is called Water-Qi (Shui Qi). If deep pulses are found in all positions but the body is not swollen or heavy, one should attribute this to Qi stagnation; if the body is swollen and heavy, one should attribute this to water retention. Because water accumulates internally, the pulse is deep; because water overflows externally, the body is swollen and heavy.
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In water diseases, if the pulse floats outwards without root, it indicates death.
[Note]
In water diseases with muscular edema, the pulse should be imperceptible. If the pulse now appears floating/outward, it indicates the dispersion of healthy Qi externally, hence indicating death.
[Collected Notes]
Shen Mingzong said: When pulses are deep, it indicates Qi stagnation not moving to the exterior, causing collateral vessels to become empty. Emptiness leads to water flooding the skin and muscles, resulting in bodily edema and heaviness, which should be attributed to water retention. However, deep here refers to Zheng Shui (True Water Retention), where Yin excess and Yang depression cause the pulse to be extremely deep. If it suddenly becomes floating, it is a sign of True Qi separating from its root, hence saying: "In water diseases, if the pulse floats outwards, it indicates death." This does not apply to Feng Shui (Wind Edema) and Pi Shui (Skin Edema), whose pulses are floating and surging.
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Question: After a disease involving diarrhea, the patient feels thirsty and desires to drink water, has difficulty urinating, abdominal distension, and genital edema. What is the cause? Answer: This condition should develop into Water Disease (Edema). If urination becomes spontaneous and free, or if sweating occurs, the condition will heal spontaneously.
[Note]
Diarrhea causes deficiency, damaging Spleen Earth and Body Fluids. When Spleen Earth is weak, water-dampness easily acts recklessly; when fluids are damaged, thirst arises. If urination is spontaneous and free, and sweating occurs, then water essence is distributed properly, and there would be no Water Disease. Only when urination is difficult does water have no outlet, inevitably leading to Water Disease. In Water Disease, the Spleen is necessarily deficient and cannot control water, causing abdominal distension; the Kidney is necessarily deficient and cannot govern water, causing genital edema. From this, we can infer that after any disease, if fluids are injured, thirst arises, and urination is difficult, one should prevent the onset of Water Disease.
[Collected Notes]
Cheng Lin said: Diarrhea causes Spleen Earth to decline and fluids to dry up, leading to thirst and desire to drink. Since Earth cannot control water, urination is difficult. Spleen dislikes dampness, causing abdominal distension; Kidney governs water, causing genital edema. This is undoubtedly Water Disease. If urination is free, water moves; if sweating occurs, water disperses. Even without medicine, it will heal itself.
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For patients with water disease, there is a silkworm-like swelling under the eyes, and the eyes appear bright and lustrous. The pulse is hidden (Fu), and the patient suffers from Xiao Ke (wasting-thirst). If the patient has abdominal distension due to water disease, difficulty urinating, and a pulse that is deep and nearly absent, there is water retention, and purgative methods may be used.
[Commentary]
Below "the patient suffers from Xiao Ke," ancient texts contain the four sentences: "If the patient has abdominal distension due to water disease, difficulty urinating, and a pulse that is deep and nearly absent, there is water retention, and purgative methods may be used." These do not connect well with the preceding text and should be separated into another paragraph, placed after the fifth item in this section, to conform to the pulse and symptoms of Li Shui (Interior Water).
[Note]
The area under the eyes belongs to the Taiyin (Spleen). Slight swelling under the eyes indicates water. Only when Spleen Earth cannot control water does water overflow and cause disease; thus, early water disease often presents with slight swelling under the eyes. A shape resembling a silkworm is a sign of water disease; bright and lustrous complexion is a color sign of water disease; a deep or hidden pulse is a pulse sign of water disease; and excessive thirst for drinking is an etiological factor of water disease. These are all early signs of water disease.
[Collected Notes]
Zhao Liang said: *Neijing* states: Bright luster indicates Yi Yin (Overflowing Fluid), where the patient is thirsty and drinks much, and fluid overflows outside the stomach and intestines. It also states: Water is Yin, and the area under the eyes is also Yin. The abdomen is the residence of extreme Yin. Therefore, when water is in the abdomen, swelling occurs under the eyes. *Ling Shu* states: When water disease begins, there is slight swelling under the eyes like a silkworm or like someone who just woke up. Initially, food and grain fail to transform into fluids, forming Xiao Ke, leading to excessive drinking. Excessive drinking leads to water accumulation, which blocks Qi channels, causing the pulse to become hidden.
Shen Mingzong said: When water moves outward, it floods the skin and muscles; when it reverses inward, it infiltrates the Zang-Fu organs and stomach/intestines. Following the Stomach channel, it rises to the face, causing a silkworm-like swelling under the eyes. Water is bright and lustrous, so the face appears shiny, verifying water disease. However, water disease is caused by Yang deficiency and Yin excess, blocking meridians, causing the pulse to be hidden. The fluids and water in the Stomach overflow to the skin and muscles but do not moisten the throat and tongue, causing Xiao Ke. This is indeed not true Xiao Ke disease.
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The Master said: For all cases of water disease, if edema is below the waist, promote urination; if edema is above the waist, induce sweating for recovery.
[Note]
"All cases of water disease" refers to various water disorders. Treating these requires understanding methods to drain water from the exterior/interior and upper/lower. Edema above the waist indicates water in the exterior; inducing sweating cures it, as seen in formulas like Yuebi Tang and Qinglong Tang. Edema below the waist indicates water in the lower jiao; promoting urination cures it, as seen in formulas like Wuling San and Zhuling Tang.
[Collected Notes]
Zhao Liang said: The upper half of the body corresponds to Heaven and Yang; the lower half corresponds to Earth and Yin. The pores circulate the Yang of Heaven, while urination connects to the Yin of Earth. Thus, when water stops in the Heavenly portion (upper body), opening the pores allows water to disperse via sweat; when water stops in the Earthly portion (lower body), opening the exit allows water to flow out. This follows the *Neijing* method of "opening the ghost gate (pores) and cleansing the palace (bladder)."
You Yi said: Inducing sweating and promoting urination are methods of guiding the pathogen along its natural tendency.
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In water disease with abdominal distension, difficulty urinating, and a pulse that is deep and nearly absent, there is water retention, and purgative methods may be used.
[Note]
The previous paragraph established treatment for water in the exterior and lower jiao. If water is in the interior, those treatments do not apply. The abdomen corresponds to the Spleen (Extreme Yin), so water disease inevitably causes abdominal distension. Water accumulating internally causes difficulty urinating. A pulse that is deep and nearly absent is a Fu (hidden) pulse. With a hidden pulse, abdominal distension, and difficulty urinating, Interior Water is established, so purgative methods can be used. Formulas like Shizao Tang or Shenyao Wan may be used酌情 (as appropriate).
[Collected Notes]
Cheng Lin said: Abdominal distension indicates water in the interior; difficulty urinating indicates water stagnation, hence the pulse must be deep and hidden. Therefore, purgatives are suitable to promote water drainage.
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Li Shui (Interior Water) presents with generalized yellowish edema of the body and face, a deep pulse, and difficulty urinating, leading to water disease. If urination is spontaneous and free, this indicates loss of body fluids, leading to thirst. Yuebi Jia Zhu Tang (Yuebi Decoction plus Atractylodes) is the primary formula.
[Commentary]
The seven characters "Yuebi Jia Zhu Tang is the primary formula" should follow the later passage "Taiyang disease, pulse floating and tight, curing by inducing sweat" to make logical sense; this is likely a misplaced slip. Reading the context here about interior water, it is clear that Yuebi Jia Zhu Tang, a releasing exterior formula, is not suitable for treatment.
[Note]
This continues the previous point, explaining that for unconsolidated Interior Water, neither purgation nor diuresis should be used. "Li Shui" means water in the interior. Generalized yellowish edema of the body and face is a sign of water; a deep pulse is a pulse sign of water. Although these signs exist, only if accompanied by thirst, difficulty urinating, and abdominal distension can it be confirmed as Interior Water. If there is no abdominal fullness or urgency, the Interior Water is not consolidated, and purgation is contraindicated. If urination is spontaneous, the thirst is due to fluid depletion, not interior water, so diuresis is also contraindicated.
[Collected Notes]
You Yi said: Li Shui involves water accumulating from within, differing from Feng Shui (Wind Edema), so the pulse is deep rather than floating. Pathogenic factors abundant internally overflow externally, causing generalized yellowish edema of the body and face. Water disease usually involves difficulty urinating; if urination is instead spontaneous, fluids are consumed. The water disease resolves, but thirst disease arises.