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Urticae Cortex (Elm Bark) Bencao records: Sweet in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. It primarily treats obstruction of urination and defecation, clears pathogenic factors and heat in the intestines and stomach, and reduces swelling. Its nature is slippery and lubricating; it treats sores on the heads of children. Long-term consumption lightens the body and relieves hunger. Its fruit is particularly effective. The flowers treat infantile epilepsy and difficult urination. Tao Hongjing's commentary records: It induces sleep. Ji Kang stated: "Elm makes people sleep." The Book of Rites records: "Use elm powder to lubricate." (The white inner bark of elm is called 'fen'.) Yangsheng Yaoji records: Excessive consumption leads to drowsiness and phlegm production. (Japanese name: Nire.)

Magnoliae Flos (Xinyi) Bencao records: Pungent in flavor, non-toxic. It treats wind-cold affecting the five zang organs and the body, wind-induced headaches, unblocks the nine orifices, promotes hair growth on the scalp and temples, removes white worms, and extends lifespan. Cui Yuxin states: Consuming it unblocks the nine orifices; its flavor is pungent and fragrant, warm in nature, non-toxic, and its seeds are edible. (Japanese name: Yamianliangliangzhi.)

Laminaria Thallus (Kunbu) Bencao records: Salty in flavor, cold in nature, non-toxic. It treats twelve types of edema, goiter, and qi stagnation. Tao Hongjing's commentary notes: When dried, it becomes hot in nature but very cold in texture. Shiyi records: It treats scrotal swelling; one should hold the juice in the mouth and swallow it. Cui Yuxin states: It treats nine types of wind-heat, febrile diseases, and pain/numbness in hands and feet; eating it raw benefits the person. (Japanese name: Hirumi.)

Sargassum Thallus (Haizao) Bencao records: Bitter and salty in flavor, cold in nature, non-toxic. It treats goiter qi, neck masses, breaks up stagnant qi, abscesses, zheng jia (abdominal masses), hard accumulations, bowel sounds throughout the abdomen, drains water from the lower body, edema, and subcutaneous accumulations. It treats sudden scrotal swelling with retained qi, heat accumulation, and promotes diuresis. Cui Yuxin states: Salty in flavor, slightly cold, also known as 'Sea Hair', resembling tangled hair. Meng Shen says: Consuming it stimulates male libido; habitual consumption depletes male essence. Yu Xuanzi Zhang says: Emaciated persons should not consume it. (Japanese name: Erzhi Nu.)

Corallinae Herba (Lujiaocai) Yangsheng Yaoji records: Salty in flavor, cold and purgative; consumption induces coughing. (Note: Harmful substance. Japanese name: Tonemita.)

Ulva Lactuca (Shi Huan) Cui Yuxin states: Salty to slippery in flavor, slippery and very cold, non-toxic. Consumption stops oral ulcers, treats xiao ke (wasting-thirst syndrome), and promotes appetite. (Japanese name: Kemo.)

Porphyra Thallus (Zitai) Cui Yuxin states: Sour in flavor, slightly cold, non-toxic, grows on stones at the bottom of water bodies. Consumption treats xiao ke (wasting-thirst syndrome). (Japanese name: Sumunori.)

Houttuyniae Herba (Ji Ben Cao) records: Pungent in flavor, slightly warm; excessive consumption causes asthma. Tao Hongjing's commentary states: It is detrimental to the lungs, likely due to obstructing qi flow. (Note: Harmful substance. Japanese name: No fu shi.)

Allii Fistulosi Bulbus (Cong) Bencao records: The fruit of the green onion is pungent, warm, and non-toxic; it brightens the eyes and supplements deficiency of the middle jiao. The stem treats tai yang disease (cold damage), alternating chills and fever, sweating, wind stroke, facial and ocular swelling, throat obstruction, calms the fetus, removes liver pathogenic qi, benefits the five zang organs, and neutralizes drug poisons. Cui Yuxin states: The white part of the stem is cold in nature, while the green part is hot. The root treats headache caused by tai yang disease. The Seven Volume Scripture states: Pungent, warm; should not be eaten excessively as it damages heart qi. (Japanese name: Jun.)

Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus (Xie) Bencao records: Pungent and bitter, warm, non-toxic. It treats traumatic wounds with ulceration, lightens the body, relieves hunger, promotes longevity, dispels chills and fever, warms the middle, and aids patient recovery. Shiyi records: It regulates the middle jiao, treats chronic dysentery that does not heal, and abdominal fullness with foul sensations; simply boil and eat it frequently. Su Jing states: There are red and white varieties of xie; the white variety is nourishing and delicious, while the red variety treats traumatic wounds. Cui Yuxin states: Consumption promotes hair growth. Meng Shen states: Long-term use can connect with spiritual powers, greatly calm the soul, and restore tendon strength. (Japanese name: Obimiry.)

Allii Tuberosi Bulbus (Jiu) Bencao records: Pungent and sour, warm, non-toxic. It calms the five zang organs, clears stomach heat, aids patient recovery, and can be consumed long-term. The root nourishes hair. Tao Hongjing's commentary states: This is contraindicated for health preservation. Meng Shen states: Cold in nature, qi enters the body; it can be boiled and consumed long-term. Shiyi records: It warms the middle and directs qi downward, tonifies deficiency, harmonizes the fu organs, improves appetite, stops diarrhea with white pus, and treats cold abdominal pain when steamed and eaten. Juice extracted from crushed leaves and roots, when taken, resolves various drug poisons and dog bites, and kills venomous snakes and insects. If taken in large quantities, it treats chest bi (obstruction) and bone pain. Folklore claims leek is a herbaceous rhodochrosite, stating its benefit to humans is indeed true. (Japanese name: Imiryo.)

Perillae Folium (Su) Bencao records: Pungent, warm, non-toxic, enters the spleen and kidney meridians. It treats hu luan (cholera-like syndrome) and abdominal discomfort; promotes digestion, regulates the stomach, warms the middle, and eliminates pathogenic bi and toxic vapors. Cui Yuxin states: Warm in nature; for wind-cold hu luan, boiling and drinking the juice is excellent. Some say it treats abdominal sores and hernias. The Seven Volume Scripture states: Damaging to humans; should not be consumed long-term. Meng Shen states: Garlic is hot; it dispels wind and kills parasites/toxins. (Note: Harmful substance. Japanese name: Ibi ru.)

Allii Sativi Bulbus (Hu) Bencao records: Pungent, warm, toxic. It disperses abscesses and sores, expels wind pathogens, and detoxifies. Single-clove bulbs are also good. It enters the five zang organs; long-term consumption harms humans and dulls vision. Tao Hongjing's commentary states: Hu refers to garlic, while suan refers to small garlic. Common people make pickles with them to eat with meat, severely damaging one's nature and life force. Shiyi records: Garlic removes water-related evils and miasma, dispels wind-dampness, and breaks cold qi. It treats stubborn phlegm-rheum, suppresses evil influences, and provides unblocking and warming tonification without equal. Initial consumption harms the eyes, but excessive consumption clarifies vision and whitens hair. Peeling the skin, cutting off both ends, and swallowing whole is called 'internal moxibustion'. Cui Yuxin states: Pungent [unclear character], very warm, kills ghost toxins and various qi disorders. He distinguishes single-clove as 'hu' and few-clove as resembling lily bulbs. Cloves are 'suan', used for pickles; combined with insect/fish/meat/birds, they are considered delicious. Some claim long-term consumption damages nature and life; however, current frequent consumption shows no harm, making this claim unreliable. However, one must be cautious avoiding it when taking medicine. Ma Wan states: It does not enhance medicinal properties; if eaten directly, it should promote qi flow. Qianjin Fang states: Excessive consumption of raw garlic during sexual intercourse damages liver qi, causing a sallow complexion. (Note: Harmful substance. Japanese name: Obibiru.)

Zanthoxyli Pericarpium (Shujiao) Bencao records: Pungent, very hot, toxic. It treats pathogenic cough and counterflow qi, warms the middle, directs qi downward, drives out cold-warm bi pain in bones, joints, skin, and muscles, dispels cold from the five zang and six fu organs, treats retained fluid and old food in the heart and abdomen, intestinal dysentery, stagnation, edema, jaundice, ghost injection, gu poison, kills parasites/fish, and long-term consumption prevents graying of hair. It lightens the body, extends lifespan, strengthens teeth and hair, and enhances resistance to cold and heat. Cui Yuxin states: Consumption warms the cold wind in the five zang and six fu organs. Meng Shen states: Dispels external heat; should not be consumed long-term as it dulls mental agility. Yangsheng Yaoji states: Pepper with closed pores and white color, when steamed and eaten, can kill. (Note: Harmful substance. Japanese name: Fusawano kame.)

Chrysanthemi Flos (Ju) Bencao records: Bitter and sweet, neutral, non-toxic. It treats head wind, vertigo, swelling and pain, sensation of eyes protruding, tearing, dead skin/muscle, aversion to wind, damp-bi pain, dizziness, chest irritability, calms the intestines and stomach, benefits the five zang organs, harmonizes the four limbs, and long-term consumption lightens the body, extends life, and promotes longevity. Cui Yuxin states: Immortal scriptures regard chrysanthemum as a miraculous drug. Wu Ruzi was born on the third day of the third month; on his birthday, he picked chrysanthemum seedlings, steamed and ate them. He met Qing Guizi, and together they roamed in the Fragrant Pot, or Stone Terrace, then rode purple clouds into the blue sky. It greatly tonifies and perfects; eating its flower heads prevents graying and stiffening of tendons. (Japanese name: Shiku.)