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The *Chan Jing* (Classic of Childbirth) states: Regarding the method for cutting the umbilical cord of a newborn, it should be severed with a copper knife, which is auspicious. The length of the remaining umbilical stump should be six to seven cun; if left too long, it will damage the muscles, and if too short, it will damage the internal organs.

When a newborn is first born, they should be lifted immediately. Delaying this may cause cold to invade the interior, resulting in borborygmus (rumbling sounds in the abdomen). It is auspicious to bathe the infant first, then cut the cord and wrap it.

The *Qianjin Fang* (Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold) states: The umbilical cord should be left at a length reaching the foot [Note: Textual variant interpretation]; if too short, it leads to cold invasion, causing dysfunction of the abdomen and subsequent diarrhea.

It further states: The method for wrapping the umbilical cord is as follows: Push and rub a piece of silk cloth until soft, cut it into a square four cun on each side, place new cotton wool half an cun thick over it, matching the width of the cloth, and adjust the tightness. If wrapped too tightly, it will cause the infant to vomit. After twenty days from birth, untie and inspect the navel. If around ten days the infant cries angrily as if pricked by something in the clothes, this may be due to the drying umbilical stump retracting and piercing the abdomen; it should be untied. When changing clothes and re-wrapping the navel, close the doors and windows and lower the curtains. Light fires on both sides to keep the curtained area warm. The infant's clothing should also be dusted with warm powder, which is particularly relevant during winter cold.

If the navel does not heal, burn a toad (*Bufo bufo gargarizans*) to ash, grind it into fine powder, and apply it to the navel.

The *Chan Jing* states: In all newborns, there may be white substances resembling rice grains on the tongue and inside the mouth, known as "Goose Mouth" (oral candidiasis/thrush), which may also appear outside the nostrils. This occurs because, while in the womb, the mother chewed rice, transmitting the residue to the fetus. If these substances are not removed promptly and the infant swallows them, they may transform into parasites; therefore, they should be removed immediately. The treatment method is: Wrap the head of a hairpin with hair, dip it well-water (morning-drawn well water), and use it to dab and wipe the affected area. After three or four mornings, the lesions will fall off. If they persist, boil the juice of chestnut burrs (*Tribuli Fructus*) until concentrated, and wipe with it using the same method. If chestnut burrs are unavailable in spring or winter, boiling chestnut bark can be used instead, which is also effective.

Another version states: Ensure that the part of the hairpin touched by the solution does not fall into the infant's mouth and get swallowed. (This agrees with the *Duan Ju Fang*.)

The *Shuang Shi Fang* states: A prescription for pediatric Goose Mouth: (Apply mulberry root bark juice mixed with lead carbonate [Hu Fen] to the affected area.)

The *Chan Jing* states: At birth, some infants have a membrane under the tongue resembling pomegranate seeds, connecting the underside of the tongue. If this is not excised immediately, it may later hinder speech development and restrict tongue movement. The treatment method is:
Use fingernails to excise the membrane. Slight bleeding is harmless. If bleeding does not stop, burn human hair to ash, apply the powder to the wound to stop bleeding, which is effective. (The *Duan Ju Fang* refers to this condition as "Lingual Frenulum Ankylosis" or "Tongue-tie".)