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The *Ge's Formulas* (Ge Shi Fang) for treating lip sores: Burn chestnuts to charcoal and apply topically.

The *Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold* (Qian Jin Fang) for treating lip sores:
Apply the white bark of the catalpa tree (Qiubai Pi), moistened, repeatedly three or four times.
Another formula: Dig up old hibiscus roots (Kui Gen) that are about to rot, burn them to ash, and apply while hot.
Another formula: Take the scorched rice stuck to the bottom of a newly steamed rice cooker (Zengxia Fan), and hold it in the mouth while hot for a specific duration (Erqi).
It is also said: For treating fatty sores around the mouth (Koufei Chuang): Roast the scorched rice from the stove, grind into powder, and apply.

The *Jiyao Fang* (Extreme Necessity Formulas) for treating white sores on the lips: Burn betel nut (Binglang) to ash and apply; this is effective.

The *Treatise on the Pathogenesis and Symptoms of All Diseases* (Bingyuan Lun) states: Deficient heat in the zang-fu organs allows qi to invade the heart and spleen, causing fluids to dry up, thus leading to dryness and scorching of the mouth and tongue.

The *Ge's Formulas* for treating heat-induced dryness in the mouth:
Smoked plum (Wumei) and jujube paste (Zaogao) in equal parts, mixed with honey to form pills the size of jujubes, held in the mouth.
Another formula: Ginger juice (1 he), licorice root (2 fen), ground apricot kernels (2 fen), jujubes (30 pieces), honey (5 he).
Simmer over low heat, form pills the size of plum stones, hold one pill in the mouth at a time, four times daily.

The *Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold* for treating heat-induced dryness in the mouth:
Licorice root (4 fen), ginseng root (4 fen), pinellia tuber (3 fen), smoked plum flesh (4 fen), jujube paste (4 fen).
Grind the above five herbs, mix with honey to form pills the size of marbles, hold in the mouth to let the juice swallow, three times daily.
It is also said: For treating dry mouth due to deficiency consumption (Xulao):
Ophiopogon tuber (Mendong, 2 liang, ground), dried jujubes (30 pieces, flesh only).
Mix with 1 sheng of honey, steam under 3 sheng of rice, and consume.

The *Jingxin Fang* for treating dry mouth:
Boil 5 he of gypsum powder (Shigao) in 3 sheng of water, reduce to 2 sheng, add 2 sheng of honey, boil down to 2 sheng, strain, hold a piece the size of a jujube pit in the mouth until the juice is swallowed, then hold again.
Another formula: Drink 2 sheng of fresh kudzu root juice (Gegen Zhi); recovery will occur.

Su Jing's Commentary on Materia Medica: Eat soft, ripe persimmons when suffering from dry mouth.

The *Treatise on the Pathogenesis and Symptoms of All Diseases* states: Bad breath arises from the dysfunction of the five zang and six fu organs, causing qi to ascend to the chest and diaphragm. The foul odor of the organ qi accumulates between the chest and diaphragm.

The *Yangsheng Fang* states: Do not expose oneself to odors on an empty stomach; corpse-like qi enters the spleen, causing black and white coating on the tongue and persistent bad breath.

*Imperial Harem Fragrant Medicine Formulas of Emperor Yang of Sui* for treating bad breath:
Cinnamon twig (Guixin), licorice root (Gancao), asarum (Xixin).
Grind these three herbs equally, sift, take a pinch (three fingers' width) orally, taken with wine; cure within twenty days.

The *Lu Yan Fang* for restoring fragrance to the mouth:
Asarum (3 fen), angelica root (Danggui), cinnamon twig (1 liang), licorice root (2 liang).
Chop the four ingredients, decoct in 1 sheng of water to obtain 4 he, hold in the mouth, then spit out.

The *Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold* for treating bad breath:
Citrus peel (Jupi), cinnamon twig (3 fen), magnolia flower (Mulan), jujubes (30 pieces).
Grind the four ingredients finely, take one cun bi (square inch spoonful) with wine, three times daily. Long-term use makes the body fragrant; can also be made into pills, held in the mouth three times daily.
Another formula: Roast soybeans until charred, pour vinegar over them while hot to extract juice, and hold in the mouth.
Another formula: Decoct a handful of mosla herb (Xiangru) in 1 sheng of water to obtain 2 sheng, hold slowly in the mouth.

The *Jingxin Fang* for treating bad breath: Decoct asarum thickly to extract juice, hold in the mouth for a long time, then spit out.
Another formula: Rinse mouth with 3 sheng of well water drawn at dawn, spit into the toilet; this is effective. Best done at dawn.

The *Jiyao Fang* for treating bad breath: Frequently holding cardamom (Dou Kou) leads to cure.
Another formula: Frequently holding asarum leads to cure.

The *Ge's Formulas* for treating bad breath: Sichuan pepper (Shujiao, 1 sheng), cinnamon twig (1 chi), ground into powder, take a pinch with wine.
Another formula: Decoct cypress seeds (Baizi) and hold in the mouth.

*Cui Yuxi's Food Classic* states: For treating bad breath: Extract juice from the root of lotus (Xunqu), boil down to a paste, and consume regularly.
Another formula: Can also consume huaixiang (a type of aromatic spice).
Another formula: Grind betel nut (Binglangzi) into powder and hold in the mouth.

The *Jiyan Fang* for treating oral malodor powder:
Licorice root (5 liang), ligusticum rhizome (Xiongqiong, 4 liang), angelica dahurica (Baizhi, 3 liang).
Grind the three ingredients and sift, take one cun bi with wine, three times daily.