《病源论》云∶肺主气，邪乘于肺，则胎胀，胀则肺管不利，不利则气道涩，故气上喘
逆，
《葛氏方》治卒上气鸣息便欲绝方∶
捣韭，绞，饮汁一升许立愈。
又方∶人参末，服方寸匕，日三。
又方∶桑根白皮细切三升，生姜切半升，吴茱萸半升，酒五升，合煮三沸，去滓，尽服
之。
《极要方》疗上气、气逆满，喘息不通，呼吸欲死，救命汤方∶
麻黄（八两，去节） 甘草（四两，炙） 大枣（三十枚） 夜干（如博子二枚）
上，以井花水一斗，煮麻黄再沸，纳余药，煮取四升，分四服，入口即愈。
《医门方》治上气喘息不得卧，身面肿，小便涩方∶
葶苈（一两，熬，捣如泥） 大枣（三十枚，擘）
水三升，煮取一升，纳葶苈，煮取五六沸，顿服，微利，瘥。
《效验方》游气汤，治上气一来一去无常，缓急不足，不得饮食，不得眠方∶
生姜（八两） 浓朴（四两） 人参（二两） 茯苓〔（一名松髓）四两〕 桂心（五
两） 半夏〔（
两）
凡九物，切，以水一斗，煮取四升，服七合，日三。
《录验方》大枣汤，治上气胸塞、咽中如水鸡声方∶
款冬花（三十枚） 细辛（四分） 桂心（四分） 麻黄（四两） 大枣（二十枚） 甘
草（四两） 杏仁
十味，以水八升，煮取二升，顿服，卧令汗。食糜粥数日，余皆禁，便愈。
《新录方》治上气、喉中水鸡鸣方∶
桑根白皮（一升） 生姜（合皮切一升）
以水四升，煮取一升六合，二服。
又方∶冷水渍足，温易之，瘥。
又云∶上气，身面浮肿，小便涩，喘息不得卧方∶
葶苈子（十分，熬） 杏仁（四分，熬） 大枣肉（五分）
三物，合捣三四千杵，可丸饮服如梧子七丸，日二，加至十丸，以小便为度，此方大安
稳，
又方∶以桑根汁一斗，煮赤小豆三升，豆熟，啖豆饮汁。
又方∶大豆三升，以水一斗，煮取五升，去滓，纳桑根白皮，切一升，煮取一升六合，
二服
又方∶以水一斗，研麻子三升，取汁，煮赤小豆三升，豆熟，啖豆饮汁。
又云∶乏气喘息方∶桃仁去皮一升，捣为泥，分以酒若汤服之。
The *Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun* (Treatise on the Pathogenesis and Manifestations of All Diseases) states: The Lung governs Qi. When pathogenic factors invade the Lung, it leads to chest distension. Distension causes the lung tubes to be unobstructed; when the lung tubes are unobstructed, the airway becomes astringent/stagnant. Consequently, Qi rebels upward causing panting and counterflow.
The *Ge Shi Fang* (Prescriptions by Ge) for treating sudden Qi counterflow with audible respiration and impending suffocation:
Crush Chinese chives (*Allium tuberosum*), press to extract juice, and drink approximately one sheng. It will heal immediately.
Another prescription: Powdered Ren Shen (*Panax ginseng*), take an amount equivalent to a square-inch spoonful, three times daily.
Yet another prescription: Cut finely the white bark of mulberry root (*Mori Cortex*) three sheng, cut ginger half a sheng, and Evodia fruit (*Evodiae Fructus*) half a sheng. Combine with five sheng of wine, boil three times, filter out the dregs, and consume entirely.
The *Ji Yao Fang* (Essential Prescriptions) treats Qi counterflow, rebellious Qi with fullness, panting with obstruction, breathing difficulties resembling death, using the "Life-Saving Decoction":
Ephedrae Herba (*Mahuang*, Mahuang) (eight liang, remove joints), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (*Gancao*, Licorice Root) (four liang, honey-fried), Ziziphi Jujubae Fructus (*Dazao*, Jujube Fruit) (thirty pieces), Perillae Folium (*Yezhiye/Zigan*, Perilla Leaf) (two pieces, size like Bo seeds).
Take the above ingredients, use ten dou of well-water. First boil Ephedrae Herba until it boils again, then add the remaining herbs. Boil until four sheng remain. Divide into four doses. Heal upon ingestion.
The *Yi Men Fang* (Medical Gate Prescriptions) for treating Qi counterflow with panting preventing supine position, edema of body and face, and astringent urination:
Descurainiae Semen Lepidii Semens (*Tinglizi*, Descurainia Seed) (one liang, stir-fried, pounded into paste), Ziziphi Jujubae Fructus (*Dazao*, Jujube Fruit) (thirty pieces, split open).
Use three sheng of water, boil until one sheng remains. Add Descurainiae Semen Lepidii Semens, boil for five or six boiling points, and take in one dose. Slight diarrhea indicates recovery.
The *Xiao Yan Fang* (Effective Prescriptions) You Qi Tang (Wandering Qi Decoction) treats irregular Qi counterflow, alternating slowness and urgency insufficient for normal function, inability to eat, and inability to sleep:
Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (*Shengjiang*, Fresh Ginger) (eight liang), Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex (*Houpo*, Magnolia Bark) (four liang), Panacis Ginseng Radix (*Renshen*, Ginseng Root), Poria (*Fuling*, Poria Sclerotium) (also known as Song Sui, four liang), Cinnamomi Ramulus (*Guixin*, Cinnamon Twig), Pinelliae Rhizoma Preparatum (*Banxia*, Pinellia Tuber) [dose missing in text].
Nine items in total, cut up. Use one dou of water, boil until four sheng remain. Take seven he of each dose, three times daily.
The *Lu Yan Fang* (Recorded Effective Prescriptions) Da Zao Tang (Jujube Decoction) treats Qi counterflow with chest oppression and sounds in the throat like a water frog:
Farfarae Flos (*Kuandonghua*, Coltsfoot Flower), Asari Radix et Rhizoma (*Xixin*, Asarum Root), Cinnamomi Ramulus (*Guixin*, Cinnamon Twig) (four fen), Ephedrae Herba (*Mahuang*, Mahuang) (four liang), Ziziphi Jujubae Fructus (*Dazao*, Jujube Fruit) (twenty pieces), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (*Gancao*, Licorice Root) (four liang), Armeniacae Semen Amarum (*Xingren*, Apricot Kernel) [dose missing].
Ten items, use eight sheng of water, boil until two sheng remain. Take in one dose, lie down to induce sweating. For several days, consume only thin porridge; prohibit all other foods. Then it will heal.
The *Xin Lu Fang* (Newly Recorded Prescriptions) for treating Qi counterflow and croaking sounds in the throat like a water frog:
Mori Cortex (*Sangbaidi*, Mulberry Root Bark) (one sheng), Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (*Shengjiang*, Fresh Ginger) (with skin, cut to one sheng).
Use four sheng of water, boil until one sheng and six tou remain. Divide into two doses.
Another prescription: Soak feet in cold water, replace with warm water when it cools. It heals.
It also says: For Qi counterflow with edema of body and face, astringent urination, and panting preventing supine position:
Descurainiae Semen Lepidii Semens (*Tinglizi*, Descurainia Seed) (ten parts, stir-fried), Armeniacae Semen Amarum (*Xingren*, Apricot Kernel) (four parts, stir-fried), Ziziphi Jujubae Fructus (*Dazao*, Jujube Flesh) (five parts).
Pound these three items together for three to four thousand strokes. Form pills the size of wu zi (chinese quince seeds). Take with water, seven pills per dose, twice daily. Increase to ten pills if necessary. Stop when urination becomes normal. This prescription is very safe and stable.
Another prescription: Use one dou of mulberry root juice to boil three sheng of Adzuki Beans (*Chixiaodou*, Vigna angularis). When beans are cooked, eat the beans and drink the juice.
Another prescription: Three sheng of Soybeans (*Dadou*, Glycine max). Use one dou of water, boil until five sheng remain. Filter dregs. Add one sheng of cut Mori Cortex (*Sangbaidi*, Mulberry Root Bark). Boil until one sheng and six tou remain. Divide into two doses.
Another prescription: Use one dou of water to grind three sheng of Hemp Seeds (*Mazi*, Cannabis Sativa Seed). Extract juice. Use this juice to boil three sheng of Adzuki Beans (*Chixiaodou*, Vigna angularis). When beans are cooked, eat the beans and drink the juice.
It also says: For deficiency Qi with panting: Remove skins from one sheng of Peach Kernels (*Taoren*, Persicae Semen). Pound into paste. Divide and take with wine or decoction.