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The *Zhubing Yuanhou Lun* (Treatise on the Pathogenesis and Manifestations of All Diseases) states: "Ju ru" (breast engorgement/stasis due to milk retention) in women occurs because, after recent childbirth, the infant has not suckled, or the infant suckles but the milk is not fully discharged, or upon weaning, squeezing the breasts fails to empty the milk completely. All these conditions cause milk to accumulate and congeal. When this stagnant milk contends with blood and qi, it results in high fever, extreme thirst with a desire to drink, rigidity, spasms, and pain such that the area cannot be touched. Upon initial sensation of discomfort, one should use hands to help express the milk and ask others to assist in massage and guidance to promote discharge. If this is not done, sores with pus will form; if the heat pathogen is vigorous, it will consolidate into an abscess.

The *Duanju Fang* (Short Drama Formulas) provides a formula for treating ju ru:
Apply chicken egg white mixed with Vigna angularis powder (Adzuki Bean Powder) to the breast, keeping it cool to dissipate the stagnation.

Another formula: Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix), Bai Lian (Ampelopsis Radix), Chi Shao (Paeoniae Radix Rubra).
These three herbs are used in equal proportions, sifted into fine powder, taken with grain vinegar solution, one qian wu bi (approx. 2-3 grams) per dose, five times daily. (*Jiyan Fang* agrees with this.)

It also states: It is suitable to wash the breasts with Chilongpi Tang (Bark Decoction) and Tianma Cao Tang (Herb Decoction), then apply Huanglian Hufen Gao (Coptis and Lead White Ointment).

Chilongpi Tang: Cut Quercus variabilis bark (Oak Bark) into pieces, three sheng. Boil in ten dou of water until reduced to nine dou. Use cold in summer, warm in autumn and winter. Divide and use to wash the breasts.

Tianma Cao Tang: Cut Tianma Cao (Leonurus japonicus/Herba Leonuri) into pieces, five sheng. Boil in five dou of water until reduced to ten dou. Adjust temperature according to cold/heat indications and divide to wash the breasts. (Current note: In *Qipo Fang*, Chongwei Cao [Herba Leonuri] is also known as Tianma Cao.)

The *Ge Shi Fang* (Master Ge's Formulas) provides methods for treating female ju ru with swelling and pain:
Scrape the bark of willow roots, pound thoroughly until cooked/macerated, heat with fire, wrap in cloth, and apply as a hot compress. Replace when cool.

Another formula: Dust from roof beams, mixed with vinegar (Acetum), applied topically. Also treats vulvar swelling.

Another formula: Powdered Broussonetia papyrifera root bark (Di Yu Bai Pi), mixed with vinegar, applied topically.

Another formula: Bai Ji (Bletillae Rhizoma), Chi Shao (Paeoniae Radix Rubra). Take one fang cun bi (approx. 5-10 grams) with wine. Alternatively, mix with vinegar for topical application.

Another formula: Armadillidium vulgare (Mouse Crab Insect), applied directly.

Another formula: Plantago asiatica herb (Che Qian Cao) pounded, mixed with vinegar, applied topically.

The *Chan Jing* (Obstetrics Classic) provides formulas for ju ru:
Take cow dung, burn to ash, mix with vinegar, and apply topically.

Another formula: If there is a knot in the left breast, remove milk from the right breast; if the knot is in the right breast, remove milk from the left breast. (*Jiyan Fang* agrees with this.)

The *Jiyan Fang* (Collected Proven Formulas) provides formulas for treating ju ru:
Urgently moxa the Yuji points (LI10) on both hands, seven zhuans (moxa cones) on each side, to cut off the pulse of the impending abscess.

Another formula: Apply chicken egg white mixed with Vigna angularis powder (Adzuki Bean Powder) to the breast to dissipate the knot.

Another formula: Take stems of Abelmoschus manihot (Kui Sheng), pound and sift. Take one fang cun bi orally, three times daily, and it will heal immediately.

Another formula: Pound fresh Rehmanniae Radix (Sheng Di Huang), apply to the affected area. Change when it becomes hot.