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*The Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun* states: Ding sores (Ding Chuang, a type of severe furuncle or carbuncle) are formed when wind-pathogenic toxic qi clashes and accumulates in the muscles. Initially, it resembles a wind-rash; if scratched, yellowish-green fluid exudes, with red-black meridians visible inside. There are cases where it is completely imperceptible until suddenly touched by clothing, causing pain in the hand. There are also cases where flesh protrudes like a fish eye; after long-term accumulation of red-black coloration, it ulcerates into a sore with a deep hole underneath, resembling a puncture made by a hot needle. When first appearing, the protrusion resembles the cap of an inverted nail, hence the name Ding sore. It causes aversion to cold, stiffness and pain in the four limbs, and the sore turns scorched black, swelling brightly and protruding, with a hard and rigid root accompanied by soreness and pain; these are all its signs. Those occurring in the joints of the hands, feet, head, and face are most critical, while those in other areas are less urgent. If the toxin enters the abdomen, it causes restlessness and discomfort, or a state resembling drunkenness; such cases result in death within two or three days.

*Yang Sheng Fang* states: If human sweat falls into wine or food, consuming it will cause Ding sores.

There are ten types in total: First, the sore head is dark/black and hard with a depression; Second, the sore head is white and swollen/firm; Third, the sore head is bean-colored; Fourth, the sore resembles red flowers; Fifth, there are black meridians inside the sore head; Sixth, the sore head is red and floating/deficient; Seventh, the sore head is flower-like and yellow; Eighth, the sore head is red like "bo se" (thin color); Ninth, the sore head resembles cornel berries; Tenth, the sore head resembles pomegranate seeds.

*Qian Jin Fang* states: In its discussion: All beings endowed with form must maintain preservation and nourishment. If regulation and care are improper, hundreds of diseases will arise. Thus, as the four seasons change, Yin and Yang alternate in rising. These two energies strike each other angrily; at that time, there must be violent qi. Violent qi refers to sudden great winds, fogs, colds, and heats that occur monthly. If one does not avoid them in time and suddenly encounters them, they enter the four limbs, abruptly damaging the skin, making the meridians sluggish, thereby causing the couli (pores/skin texture) to become obstructed, and Ying and Wei (nutritive and defensive qi) to stagnate. The Qi of Yin and Yang cannot be vented and discharged, transforming into abscesses, Ding toxins, malignant sores, and various swellings. Regarding Ding swellings, if not recognized early, they cause death before the appointed time. If one seeks a prescription only after feeling symptoms, the person is already dead. Therefore, those who practice health preservation must recognize this condition early. For any sores, there is no escape.

It further states: One, Hemp Seed Ding (Mazi Ding), presents as a protrusion on the flesh, with the head large as a millet seed, slightly dark in color, surrounded by slight redness and much itching. Avoid eating hemp seeds, wearing cloth clothes, and walking in hemp fields. (Note: *Lu Yan Fang* states: Size similar to barnyard millet, head black with pus, flesh color unchanged.)

Two, Stone Ding (Shi Ding), presents with skin and flesh connected, color dark/black like black beans, very hard so needles cannot penetrate the flesh, with faint slight pain. Avoid tiles, bricks, and stones. (Note: *Lu Yan Fang* states: Head black scab under the sore adds opposite, has pus, four sides small red and millet-grain-like.)

Three, Male Ding (Xiong Ding), presents with a dark/black scab on the sore head, blistering pus around the four sides, yellow color, size like a coin hole. Avoid sexual intercourse. (Note: *Lu Yan Fang* states: Connected to root with black head, needles cannot penetrate, has pus, no red millet-grains.)

Four, Female Ding (Ci Ding), presents with the sore head slightly yellow turning inward to a scab, also resembling a moxibustion sore, with blistering pus around the four sides in red color, size like a coin hole. Avoid sexual intercourse. (Note: *Lu Yan Fang* states: Head red, four sides black/yellow, blistering pus, has fluid no millet-grains.)

Five, Fire Ding (Huo Ding), presents like a fire sore, with a dark/black scab on the head, blistering pus on the four sides, resembling red millet-grains. Avoid moxibustion burning. (Note: *Lu Yan Fang* states: Head black scab, flesh color red, many red millet-grains.)

Six, Rotting Ding (Lan Ding), presents with slight blackness and white spots, pus and water in the sore, shape size like a spoon face. Avoid hot food and rotten matter. (Note: *Lu Yan Fang* states: Size like wiping face, pus and blood both present, has four sides, no red millet-grains.)

Seven, Thirty-Six Ding (San Shi Liu Ding), presents with a dark/black floating head, shape like a black bean, four sides rising with large redness. Today one grows, tomorrow two or three up to ten; if it reaches thirty-six, medicine cannot treat it. If less than thirty-six, it can be treated. Commonly known as Black Ding. Avoid suppression, liking, sorrow, and resentment. (Note: *Lu Yan Fang* states: Heads black born in pairs, but when full thirty-six, the patient dies.)

Eight, Snake Eye Ding (She Yan Ding), presents with a black sore head, floating on the skin shaped like a small bean, resembling a snake's eye, large body. Avoid being seen by people with evil eyes or jealous people. (Note: *Lu Yan Fang*: Head black strip, four sides have pus, red millet-grains.)

Nine, Salt Skin Ding (Yan Fu Ding), presents large like a spoon face, the entire sore is red, with black millet-grains rising. Avoid salty food. (Note: *Lu Yan Fang*: Head white/red large as small bean, wide red millet-grains, no pus.)

Ten, Water Wash Ding (Shui Xi Ding), presents with the sore like a coin shape or coin-hole size, white head with black scab inside, fluid exudes with central swelling. Avoid drinking fermented rice water, washing with water, and crossing rivers. (Note: *Lu Yan Fang*: Head white, no pus, has red millet-grains.)

Eleven, Knife Sickle Ding (Dao Lian Ding), presents with the sore width/narrowness like a leek leaf, one inch long, side inside black like burnt rot, avoid needling and cutting with knives/sickles. (Note: *Lu Yan Fang*: One head triangular, has pus, no red has millet-grains, avoid weapons.)

Twelve, Floating Bowl Ding (Fu Ou Ding), presents with the sore body curved/round, slightly unclosed, long and narrow like a leek leaf, yellow inside and black/white outside; piercing the black/white area does not hurt, piercing the yellow inside hurts sharply. (Note: *Lu Yan Fang*: Head high, flesh protrudes from four sides, no pus, red millet-grains, avoid Ding iron.)

Thirteen, Niu Ju Ding (Niu Ju Ding), presents with blistering color rising inside the flesh, cannot be broken by pinching. (Note: *Lu Yan Fang*: Named Sheep Ding Sore, has triangle, has part red millet-grains.)

The above thirteen sores, upon initial onset, first itch then hurt, first cold then heat, with more cold after heat settles. Heavy limbs, headache, heart palpitations, blurred vision; if too severe, vomiting and regurgitation occur, which are difficult to treat. Among them, the Hemp Seed Ding type only itches throughout; do not violate the recorded taboos; violating them makes treatment difficult. The Floating Bowl and Niu Ju types have no taboos. Even if untreated, they do not kill.

It further states: Patients with this disease must avoid sexual intercourse, pork, chicken, fish, beef, raw garlic chives, garlic, green onion, rapeseed, cilantro, wine, vinegar, noodles, mallow, etc. Seeing a leopard causes death; this is highly taboo. (Note: *Lu Yan Fang* states: For seven days, no salt, wine/meat, five pungents, cold/raw/slippery foods; nothing red is allowed as it is toxic. Only pure white items should be used.)

It further states: Generally, treating Ding swellings involves pricking the center until painful, then pricking the four sides over ten times to let blood out. After removing blood, apply medicine; it is best if the medicinal qi enters the needle holes. If it does not reach inside the sore, it will not be effective.

It further states: Prescription for treating all Ding swellings:
Burn the roots, stems, seeds, and leaves of Xanthium sibiricum (Cang Er) into ash, mix with vinegar and swill water to make a paste, apply externally. Change no more than ten times. When branches and roots grow out, it is cured.

Another prescription: Apply powder of Realgar (Xionghuang); immediate cure, divine efficacy.

Another prescription: Boil Lycium chinense (Gouqi) juice, chill and drink one or two cups; even better.

*Lu Yan Fang* states: For Ding toxic sores, flesh protrudes like a fish eye, red-black, soreness/pain penetrating to the bone, indicating long-term accumulation of cold toxin. Upon ulceration, a deep hole forms like a hot needle puncture. Initially protruding like a fine nail cap, hence called Ding toxin. Take decoctions and single herbs immediately upon onset, treating like Dan poison methods, and it will improve. This disease is common in the North, occasionally occurring in Jiangdong. It likes to appear on the cheeks and tongue inside the mouth; looking at it, it is black like beads. Take decoctions internally, prick to remove blood, treating like Dan abscess methods.

Abscess Sores Prescription: Treating Ding Sores:
Cut a cross with a "Gan" knife, heat copper/iron chopsticks until red, place wax on the sore, burn slightly, pricking is named "Shuo", one or two times, stop when non-toxic flesh feels hot naturally. Burn rat feces into powder, fill the sore hole completely; then cured. (Note: *Jing Xin Fang*: Heat awl red, prick the head.)

It further states: Five Fragrances Decoction for treating malignant sores and Ding swellings:
Aquilaria sinensis (Qingmuxiang), Frankincense (Xunluxiang), Agarwood (Chenxiang), Clove (Dingzixiang), Agastache rugosa (Huoxiang) (each 1 liang).
Boil in 3 sheng of water to obtain 1.5 sheng, divide into three doses. Add 2 fen of Moschus (Shexiang), remove Huoxiang.

*Ji Yao Fang* Treating Ding Sores:
Crush and apply the stems and leaves of Leonurus japonicus (Chongwei/Yimucao) to the swelling; drink the juice to resolve the Ding toxin internally.

*Baiji Xin Ji Fang* Treating Ding Swelling Toxin Qi entering the Heart causing impending death:
Take Chrysanthemum leaves with stems, crush and squeeze to obtain 3 sheng of juice, take all at once.

*Yi Men Fang* Treating Ding Toxic Swelling regardless of Male, Female, Hemp Seed types, all toxic swellings/toxin qi entering abdomen killing patients:
Frequently boil and drink Lycium chinense root juice.

It further states: Prescription for treating Ding swellings:
Mix powder of Bombyx batryticatus (Baijiangcan) and Kaolin (Baijiangshi), apply as a seal; best effect.

Another prescription: Grind Kaolin (Baijiangshi) with water, drink one cup, and prick open the sore to apply externally; it will resolve spontaneously.

*Jing Xin Fang* New Prescription for Treating Ding Swellings:
Powder of Aconitum carmichaelii (Fuzi), mix with vinegar, apply externally; reapply when dry.

*Tao Jing Ben Cao Zhu* Treating Ding Therapeutic Methods:
Dry human feces, burn it, when smoke ceases, soak in water and drink the juice, named "Po Guan Tang" (Break Coffee Soup).

*Su Jing Ben Cao Zhu* Ding Sore Prescription:
Apply powder of Bombyx batryticatus (Baijiangcan); the root will naturally emerge, extremely effective.

*Cui Yuxi Shi Jing* Ding Sore Prescription:
Crush and apply the stems, leaves, and roots of [Missing Character] herb; the sore root will be pulled out.

*Qie Po Fang* Divine Prescription for Treating All Ding Sores:
Apply a small amount of [Missing Character] powder; then cured. (Note: Splash with cold water.)

It further states: Prescription for treating Human Heat Toxic Ding Sores in the mouth:
Grind Gypsum fibrosum (Ningshuishi) into powder, apply sparingly to the sore, apply three to four times daily; then cured.