《病源论》云∶疥有数种，有大疥，有马疥，有水疥，有干疥，有湿疥。多生手足，乃
至遍体。大疥者，作疮有脓汁， 赤痒痛是也。马疥者，皮肉隐嶙起，作根 ，搔之不知痛，
此二种则重。水疥者，作 如瘭浆，摘破有水出。此一种小轻。干疥者，但痒，搔之皮起
作干痂。湿疥者，起小疮，皮薄，常有汁出，并皆有虫，人往往以针头挑得，状如水内 虫。
此悉由皮肤受风邪热气所致也。《九虫论》云∶蛲虫多作 疥。
《葛氏方》治卒得蚧疮方∶
猪膏煎芫花以涂之。
又方∶麻油摩硫黄涂之。
又方∶锻石二斗，以水五斗，汤洗，取汁，先拭疮，以此灰汁洗之。
又方∶东行练根刮末，苦酒和涂。通身者，浓煮，以浴佳。
又言∶酒渍苦参饮之。
《集验方》治疥汤方∶
蜀椒四合，以水一斗，煮三沸，去滓，令温，洗疥。
又方∶大麻子一升捣令破，煮如粥，以曲一斤着中，涂之，治马疥最良。
《删繁方》治癣及疥等乱发膏方∶
乱发（如鸭子大一枚） 鲫鱼（一头） 雄黄（二两） 八角附子（一枚） 苦参（一
两） 猪膏（一枚）
凡六物，煎，捣附子三物为末，猛火煎猪膏、发、鱼，令尽，纳末药，敷疮上。
《范汪方》治疥水银膏方∶
水银（一两二分，一方二两） 黄连（一两） 黄柏（一两，炙） 蓝漆（一两） 乱
发（二分，烧成灰）
凡五物，捣下筛，和以神明膏三合，令相得，涂疥上，日三。神良。
又方∶羊蹄根捣，猪脂和涂，或小与盐。
《极要方》胡粉膏疗疥方∶
胡粉（三两） 水银（二两） 松脂（二两） 猪膏（六两）
上，煎成去滓，纳水银、胡粉，和调。涂疮上，日二。
又方∶苦酒摩野狼跋子涂之，效。
又方∶用椿木叶，以煮汁洗之。
又方∶以酢磨练实根涂之。
《陶景本草注》∶柳叶煮以洗之。
又方∶漏芦根，苦酒磨以敷之。
《苏敬本草注》∶取柏枝烧其下，承取汁名 （音诸），甚治疥也。
《本草稽疑》云∶野狼血涂之久疥，良。忌食鱼一月，永瘥，效。
According to the *Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun* (Treatise on the Pathogenesis and Symptoms of All Diseases), scabies (*Jie*) manifests in several types: Da Jie (Great Scabies), Ma Jie (Horse Scabies), Shui Jie (Water Scabies), Gan Jie (Dry Scabies), and Shi Jie (Wet Scabies). These conditions often arise on the hands and feet, and may spread over the entire body. Da Jie is characterized by sores with pus, accompanied by redness, itching, and pain. Ma Jie presents with subcutaneous nodular elevations with distinct roots; scratching does not elicit pain sensation. These two types are considered severe. Shui Jie involves vesicles resembling blisters; when punctured, fluid exudes. This type is relatively mild. Gan Jie is marked solely by itching; scratching causes the skin to flake and form dry crusts. Shi Jie features small pustules with thin skin that frequently exude fluid. All these types contain parasites, which individuals can often extract using the tip of a needle, appearing similar to aquatic worms. These conditions are entirely caused by the invasion of wind-pathogen (*Feng Xie*) and heat-toxin (*Re Qi*) into the skin. The *Jiu Chong Lun* (Treatise on Nine Parasites) states that pinworms (*Nai Chong*) often induce scabies.
The *Ge Shi Fang* (Formulas by Ge Hong) provides a prescription for sudden onset of scabies:
Apply pig fat (*Zhu Gao*) boiled with Daphne genkwa flower (*Yuan Hua*).
Another formula:
Apply sulfur (*Liu Huang*) ground in sesame oil (*Ma You*).
Yet another formula:
Take two dou of calcined stone ash (*Duan Shi*), boil in five dou of water, strain the liquid. First wipe the sores, then wash them with this alkaline ash water.
Yet another formula:
Scrape the root of the eastern-growing mulberry tree (*Lian Gen*) into powder, mix with vinegar (*Ku Jiu*) and apply. If the condition covers the whole body, decoct the herbs strongly and use for bathing, which is preferable.
It is also mentioned:
Soak Sophora flavescens root (*Ku Shen*) in wine and drink it.
The *Ji Yan Fang* (Collected Proven Prescriptions) offers a decoction for scabies:
Boil Sichuan pepper (*Shu Jiao*, four he) in one dou of water for three boils. Strain the dregs, let it cool to a warm temperature, and wash the scabies lesions.
Another formula:
Crush one sheng of hemp seeds (*Da Ma Zi*), boil until porridge-like consistency, add one jin of yeast starter (*Qu*), mix, and apply. This is most effective for treating Ma Jie.
The *Shan Fan Fang* (Abridged Redundant Formulas) provides a hair-based ointment for tinea and various scabies:
Human hair (*Luan Fa*, size of a duck egg, one piece), Crucian carp (*Ji Yu*, one head), Realgar (*Xiong Huang*, two liang), Aconite (*Fu Zi*, one piece), Sophora flavescens root (*Ku Shen*, one liang), Pig fat (*Zhu Gao*, one piece).
These six ingredients are processed as follows: Decoct first. Pound Fu Zi and two other items into powder. Use high heat to fry Zhu Gao, hair, and fish until fully rendered. Add the powdered medicine, and apply to the sores.
The *Fan Wang Fang* provides a mercury ointment for scabies:
Mercury (*Shui Yin*, one liang two fen; another version says two liang), Coptis chinensis rhizome (*Huang Lian*, one liang), Phellodendron bark (*Huang Bo*, one liang, prepared by stir-frying), Indigo tinctoria leaf (*Lan Qi*, one liang), Human hair (*Luan Fa*, two fen, burnt to ash).
Pound these five ingredients and sieve them. Mix with three he of Shen Ming Gao (a base ointment). Apply to scabies lesions three times daily. It is highly effective.
Another formula:
Pound the root of Chinese knotweed (*Yang Ti Gen*), mix with lard (*Zhu Zhi*) and apply, or add a small amount of salt.
The *Ji Yao Fang* provides a lead carbonate ointment for treating scabies:
Lead carbonate (*Hu Fen*, three liang), Mercury (*Shui Yin*, two liang), Pine resin (*Song Zhi*, two liang), Pig fat (*Zhu Gao*, six liang).
Decoct until formed, strain the residue. Add Mercury and Lead carbonate, and blend well. Apply to sores twice daily.
Another formula:
Grind the fruit of *Clematis armandii* (*Ye Lang Ba Zi*) with vinegar and apply; it is effective.
Another formula:
Decoct leaves of Toona sinensis (*Chun Mu Ye*) and wash with the juice.
Another formula:
Grind the root of Chinaberry tree (*Lian*) with vinegar and apply.
Notes from Tao Hongjing’s commentary on Materia Medica:
Decoct willow leaves (*Liu Ye*) and wash with the solution.
Another formula:
Grind the root of Rhaponticum uniflorum (*Lou Lu*) with vinegar and apply as a poultice.
Notes from Su Jing’s commentary on Materia Medica:
Burn cypress branches (*Bai Zhi*) underneath a container to collect the dripping juice, known as "Bai Li" (pronounced 'zhu'). It is very effective for treating scabies.
Notes from *Bencao Ji Yi*:
Apply blood of wild wolves (*Ye Lang Xue*) to chronic scabies for an extended period; it is beneficial. Avoid consuming fish for one month to ensure complete recovery; the efficacy is notable.