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The *Zhubing Yuanhou Lun* (Treatise on the Pathogenesis and Manifestations of All Diseases) states: Qingmang (clear blindness) refers to a condition where the eyes originally appear normal, with clear distinction between the pupil and the sclera, yet the patient cannot see objects. If the internal organs are deficient and wind-pathogens, phlegm, or fluid retention take advantage of this deficiency, it is termed Qingmang.

The *Yanlun* (Treatise on Eyes) states: Some people suddenly experience dimness and obscurity in their vision without an apparent cause; there is no pain or itching, but vision gradually deteriorates. After many years, this leads to total blindness.

It is also said: The onset of Qingmang originates internally. There may be an opacity resembling solidified fat, as large as a paper mulberry fruit, floating within the eye and moving in the aqueous humor, directly obstructing the pupil. Empty talk and absurd theories, even if thousands of coins are spent, will ultimately fail to cure a single patient. Even if Bian Que could revive the dead or Hua Tuo could dissect sinews and bones, these practitioners merely specialize in one aspect and excel in only one technique. Regarding the treatment of internal cataracts (Qingmang), they are left helpless.

The *Zhiyan Fang* (Formulas for Treating Eyes) provides the Banfu Jiu San (Spotted Floating Dove Powder) for treating eye Qingmang, loss of vision, and floating opacities:
Banfu Jiu (one dove, processed according to culinary methods, roasted until cooked) Shuomingzi (Cassiae Semen, half sheng) Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma, two liang) Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix, two liang)
These four ingredients are cut into small pieces, sealed, and stored for fifteen days, then dried, ground, and sifted. Take one fangcunbi (a square-inch measure) with wine, three times daily and twice at night.

It further states: A formula for treating Qingmang with thirty years of blindness:
Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma, one fen) Yinghuo (Lampyris/Cantbrides, twelve specimens) Wuqingsi (Brassicae Semis, one sheng) Liyu dan (Cyprini Carassii Bile, three specimens)
These four ingredients are used. Grind Wuqingsi, Xixin, and Yinghuo together and sift. Mix with fish bile. If the consistency is insufficient, add human milk to thicken it. Form pills the size of wutong seeds (Catalpa fruits). Take three pills per dose.

Another formula: Zhu dan (Sus Scrofa Domesticus Bile, one specimen)
This single ingredient is gently heated over a low fire until it can be formed into pills the size of millet grains. Insert into the eye; efficacy is observed after a short while. For newly formed nebulae, apply sparingly; do not use excessively.

The *Qipo Fang* (Qibo's Formulas) treats human eye Qingmang where objects cannot be seen day or night:
Qinpi (Fraxini Cortex), Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) in equal parts. Boil in three sheng of water until reduced to one and a half sheng. Soak cotton in the decoction and apply/wash the eyes.

The *Duanju Fang* (Short Drama Formulas) treats eye Qingmang with loss of vision:
Use the bile and brain of a red carp, mix with Zhenzhu (Pearl), and apply using cotton inserted into the eye.