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The *Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun* (Treatise on the Pathogenesis and Manifestations of All Diseases) states: The lung opens into the nose. If heat pathogens invade the lung, the lung qi also becomes heated. When both blood and qi are heated, blood follows the upward movement of qi and issues from the nose, a condition known as Bi Nu (Nosebleed).

The *Yi Men Fang* (Medical Gate Formulas) states: Individuals with excess in the upper body and deficiency in the lower body will inevitably suffer from nosebleeds. Nosebleeds occurring from spring to summer are termed Tai Yang Nu (Taiyang Nosebleed); those occurring from autumn to winter are termed Yang Ming Nu (Yangming Nosebleed).

The *Duan Ju Fang* (Short Drama Formulas) provides a formula for treating severe nosebleeds where several dou of blood are lost, accompanied by dizziness and vertigo (Hu Juan fan), and in severe cases, loss of consciousness:
Take dried ginger powder (Gan Jiang Xie) and dragon bone powder (Long Gu Mo), and insufflate them into the nasal cavity to stop bleeding immediately.

Another formula: Take five liang of tangled hair, burn it to ash, and grind it into fine powder. Take an amount the size of a jujube pit, place it at the end of a tube-like instrument, and insufflate it into the nostril. If bleeding does not stop, increase the amount of powder and insufflate again. Concurrently, administer one fang cun bi (a traditional measure, approx. one level spoonful) of the powder orally.

It is also recorded: For chronic nosebleeds persisting for years, where several sheng of clotted blood are found on the shoulders upon waking at night, and which have resisted various treatments:
Pound mugwort leaves (Ai Ye), wring out the juice, and drink three sheng daily. Curing within four or five doses is expected; this method is miraculous and excellent.

The *Qian Jin Fang* (Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold) provides formulas for uncontrollable nosebleeds:
Rinse the mouth thoroughly with cold water, hold the water in the mouth, and use a reed tube to blow air into both nostrils to stop bleeding immediately.

Another formula: Take one bunch of scallion whites (Cong Bai), chop, pound, and wring out the juice. Drip two or three drops into the nostrils; bleeding stops immediately upon entry.

Another formula: Take five he of Rehmannia root juice (Di Huang Zhi) and one he of wine. Boil until four he remain, and take on an empty stomach.
Avoid alcohol and roasted meats. Consume rice gruel (Jing Mi Yin) every morning.

Another formula: Apply a wet cloth compress to the chest.

Another formula: Moxibustion on Shang Xing (GV23), 50 moxa cones. This acupoint is located one cun above the glabella, entering the hairline.

Another formula: Moxibustion on Yong Quan (KI1), 100 moxa cones per side. This acupoint is located in the depression of the sole of the foot.

The *Ge Shi Fang* (Ge's Formulas) provides a formula for sudden nosebleeds:
Soak cotton wool in vinegar (Ku Jiu) and pack it into the nostrils.

Another formula: Insufflate soot from the bottom of a cauldron (Fu Di Hei Mo) into the nasal cavity.

Another formula: Mix flour with water to form a porridge-like consistency, blend with ink, and take as much as the patient desires; recovery is immediate.

Another formula: Wrap white horse manure in cotton wool and insert it into the nostril. Manure from horses of any color can be used. In extremely severe cases, wring out the juice of horse manure and drink one or two sheng. Dried manure can also be used to extract juice.

It is also recorded: For massive hemorrhage causing continuous bleeding from the mouth and ears:
Take five he of Rhizoma Cyperi (Pu Huang), mix with one sheng of water, and consume in one dose.

Another formula: Place the head of a plowshare under the nose.

Another formula: Stir-fry salt, take an amount held between three fingers, and swallow with wine. If bleeding persists, administer another dose.

The *Ji Yao Fang* (Extremely Important Formulas) provides a formula for nosebleeds losing several sheng, causing dizziness and vertigo, and in severe cases, loss of consciousness:
Gui Xin (Cinnamon Heart) 3 liang, Gan Jiang (Dried Ginger) 1 liang, Luan Fa Hui (Ash of Tangled Hair) 1 liang.
Grind all ingredients into a powder. Before meals, administer one fang cun bi with fermented grain water (Jiang Shui) or rice gruel, twice daily.

The *Bo Ji An Zhong Fang* (Formulas for Universal Relief and Public Safety) provides a formula for uncontrollable nosebleeds:
Finely grind two he of glutinous rice (Nu Mi), and consume in one dose with cold water.

The *Guang Ji Fang* (Broad Salvation Formulas) provides formulas for uncontrollable nosebleeds:
Pour six or seven dou of freshly drawn cold water over the top of the head, and simultaneously immerse the feet in cold water; effect is immediate.

Another formula: Instill three or four doses of urine from a young boy (Tong Zi Xiao Bian) into the nasal cavity; effect is immediate.

Another formula: Sharpen dried ginger (Gan Jiang) to a point, lightly roast it, and insert it into the nostril; effect is immediate.

The *Fan Wang Fang* (Fan Wang's Formulas) provides a formula for sudden uncontrollable nosebleeds:
Write the character "You" (由) on the forehead.

Another formula: Melt glue thickly and apply it to the forehead. Once the glue dries, the clotted blood will detach; this is effective.

It is also recorded: For severe nosebleeds caused by febrile diseases, resulting in the loss of one or two hu of blood:
Take five he of Rhizoma Cyperi (Pu Huang), mix with five sheng of water, and drink all in one dose; recovery is immediate.

The *Yi Men Fang* (Medical Gate Formulas) provides a formula for uncontrollable nosebleeds:
Consume one sheng of fresh Rehmannia root juice (Sheng Di Huang Zhi), divided into two or three doses taken shortly after each other. Simultaneously, pour cold water over the top of the head; recovery is immediate.

The *Ru Yi Fang* (As-You-Wish Formulas) describes a method for treating nosebleeds: Write the nosebleed blood on the person's forehead, inscribing "Today [Date], Blood Taboo" (Jin Mou Ri, Xue Ji). Bleeding stops. This should correspond to the Heavenly Stems (Jia, Yi, etc.) of the current day.

The *Guang Li Fang* (Broad Benefit Formulas) provides a formula for uncontrollable nosebleeds:
Grind traditional inkstick (Jing Mo) thickly and apply dots into the nasal cavity; effect is immediate.

The *Long Men Fang* (Dragon Gate Formulas) provides a formula for uncontrollable nosebleeds:
Pound Thistle (Ci Ji) and drink one sheng of the juice; this is verified to be effective.

Another formula: Perform seven moxa cones on the vertex of the head.