Library

Yang Zijian said: In all cases of childbirth, one must first understand these ten conditions, so that both the mother and child may be saved. Midwives in the world rarely possess excellent skills, often leading to errors.

1. Normal Delivery (Zhengchan): After ten months of pregnancy, when Yin and Yang energies are sufficient, sudden pain occurs in both the waist and abdomen. The fetus naturally turns its head towards the birth canal. Upon rupture of membranes and bleeding, the infant is delivered normally.

2. Induced Delivery (Cuisheng): When the fetal head reaches the birth canal and there is simultaneous waist and abdominal pain but delivery does not occur, medication should then be administered to induce labor. Or if time has passed and the mother is exhausted and unable to deliver... [Text fragment] ...only then administer drugs to induce. If after a long time the mother is too tired to give birth, it is appropriate... [Text fragment].

3. Traumatic Premature Labor (Shangchan): Before full term, due to some injury or disturbance causing umbilical and abdominal pain, there is a sudden urge to deliver. This can also result from recklessly taking labor-inducing drugs, forcing rapid delivery. Such as... [Text fragment].

4. Cold-induced Dystocia (Dongchan): In cold weather, the mother's Qi and blood become stagnant, making rapid delivery difficult. Therefore, clothing should be thick, the delivery room warm, and lower garments even warmer.

5. Heat-induced Dystocia (Rechan): During midsummer, the mother should maintain moderate temperature. Overheating causes dizziness and vertigo, leading to symptoms of blood syncope (Xueyun). If in cool terraces or water pavilions... as well as... [Text fragment].

6. Transverse Lie (Hengsheng): This refers to the situation where the fetus is turning, but the mother exerts force too urgently, forcing the fetal body into an incorrect position. The mother should lie supine comfortably, allowing an experienced midwife... strength [to assist]. [Text fragment].

7. Breech Presentation (Daochan): This refers to the fetus not having turned yet, but the mother exerting effort rashly, causing hands or feet to emerge first. The mother should lie supine comfortably, allowing the midwife to gently... take labor-inducing [medication]. [Text fragment].

8. Asynclitic Presentation (Pianchan): This refers to the fetus having turned but not aligning with the birth path. The mother, eager to push, forces the fetal head to one side. Although the vertex is visible, it is actually the temporal region near the ear. The mother should sleep on her back; the midwife should gently correct the head's position, then administer labor-inducing medicine. With effort, the infant will be born. If the occiput deviates towards the anus, exposing the forehead, the midwife should warm cotton cloth, wrap their hand, and gently support the area beside the anus, instructing the mother to push, resulting in smooth delivery.

9. Obstructed Labor (Aichan): This refers to the fetus being correctly positioned and the path clear, with the head visible, but delivery fails because the umbilical cord entangles the shoulder during fetal movement. The mother should lie on her back... [Text fragment].

10. Enteroptosis during Childbirth (Panchangchan): During labor, the uterus prolapses before the infant is born. When the uterus protrudes, it should be placed in an extremely clean, unbroken lacquerware vessel. Ancient formulas use castor oil for lubrication... [Text fragment].

The above ten theories of childbirth are meticulous and profound. They sufficiently demonstrate the difficulty of medical practice, which should not be approached by those who are superficial and impatient.