麻黄（三两，去节） 桂枝（三两，洗净） 芍药（三两，炒） 五味子（半斤，炒） 半
夏（半升，泡） 北细辛（去土） 甘草（生） 干姜（各三两）
伤寒表不解，心下有水气，干呕，或咳，或噎，或喘，小青龙汤主之。
表不解者，头痛、发热、身疼尚在也。伤寒曾渴。饮水过多，故心下有水气。有声无物
，谓之干呕，名曰水气，则有形之水已散，但无形之气仍在耳，故无物可吐而但有声。或咳，
或
麻黄、桂枝、甘草，发表邪也；半夏、细辛、干姜，散水气也；芍药所以和阴血，五味所以
收肺气。
麻黄（六两，去节） 杏仁（四十枚，去皮尖） 桂枝（净洗） 甘草（生，各二两） 生
姜（
伤寒太阳证，见风脉者，此方主之。
仲景法∶太阳伤寒，治以麻黄汤；太阳中风，治以桂枝汤。今伤寒太阳证见风脉，是有
头痛、身热、无汗、恶寒，但脉来不紧而缓，为伤寒且中风矣，故二方并而用之。风寒外盛，
则人身之阳郁为内热，此石膏之所加也。名曰大青龙，其发表之尤者乎！而亡阳之戒，筋惕
肉之弊，则用青龙之过者也。有此者，急以大温大补
升麻 葛根 芍药（炒） 甘草等分
伤寒，目痛鼻干，不眠，无汗，恶寒发热者，阳明经证也，此方主之。
足阳明之脉，抵目挟鼻，故目痛鼻干。其不能眠者，阳明之经属于胃，胃受邪则不能安
卧，此其受邪之初，犹未及乎狂也。无汗、恶寒、发热者，表有寒邪也。药之为性，辛者可
使达表，轻者可使去实。升麻、葛根，辛轻者也，故用之达表而去实。寒邪之伤人也，气血
为之壅滞，佐以芍药，用和血也。佐以甘草，用调气也。
Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄) [3 liang, remove nodes], Cinnamomi Ramulus (Guizhi, 桂枝) [3 liang, wash clean], Paeoniae Radix Alba (Baishao, 白芍) [3 liang, stir-fry], Schisandrae Fructus (Wuweizi, 五味子) [0.5 sheng, stir-fry], Pinelliae Rhizoma Preparatum (Banxia, 半夏) [0.5 sheng, soak], Asari Radix et Rhizoma (Xixin, 细辛) [remove soil], Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, 甘草) [raw], Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (Ganjiang, 干姜) [each 3 liang].
In Taiyang disease (Taiyang syndrome) where the exterior pathogen is not resolved and there is fluid retention in the epigastrium, presenting with dry retching, or cough, or a sensation of choking in the throat, or wheezing, Xiao Qing Long Tang (Minor Blue Dragon Decoction) is indicated.
"Exterior not resolved" refers to the persistence of headache, fever, and body ache. During the course of cold damage, thirst may occur; excessive water intake leads to fluid qi retention in the epigastrium. "Dry retching" refers to vomiting sounds without expulsion of matter, indicating that有形 (form) water has dispersed, but无形 (formless) fluid qi remains, hence no material can be vomited, only sound. Some present with cough, some...
Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang), Cinnamomi Ramulus (Guizhi), and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao) are used to release the exterior pathogen; Pinelliae Rhizoma Preparatum (Banxia), Asari Radix et Rhizoma (Xixin), and Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (Ganjiang) are used to disperse fluid qi; Paeoniae Radix Alba (Baishao) harmonizes yin blood, and Schisandrae Fructus (Wuweizi) astringes lung qi.
Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄) [6 liang, remove nodes], Armeniacae Semen Amarum (Xingren, 杏仁) [40 seeds, remove skin and tips], Cinnamomi Ramulus (Guizhi, 桂枝) [wash clean], Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, 甘草) [raw, each 2 liang], Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (Shengjiang, 生姜)...
For Taiyang syndrome (Taiyang disease) manifesting with wind pulse patterns, this formula is indicated.
According to Zhang Zhongjing's method: Taiyang cold damage is treated with Ma Huang Tang (Ephedra Decoction); Taiyang wind strike is treated with Gui Zhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction). Now, if Taiyang cold damage presents with wind pulse characteristics—headache, fever, anhidrosis, aversion to cold—but the pulse is loose rather than tight, it indicates concurrent cold damage and wind strike. Therefore, both formulas are combined. When wind-cold is exuberant externally, human yang qi becomes constrained and transforms into internal heat; this is why Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao, 石膏) is added. Named Da Qing Long Tang (Major Blue Dragon Decoction), it is perhaps the most potent exterior-releasing formula. However, warnings regarding collapse of yang and symptoms such as muscle twitching and palpitations indicate overuse of Qing Long formulas. In such cases, urgent use of strong warming and tonifying methods...
Rhizoma Cimicifugae (Shengma, 升麻), Radix Puerariae Lobatae (Gegen, 葛根), Paeoniae Radix Alba (Baishao, 白芍) [stir-fry], Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, 甘草) in equal parts.
In cold damage, presenting with eye pain, nasal dryness, insomnia, anhidrosis, aversion to cold, and fever, this is Yangming meridian syndrome, for which this formula is indicated.
The Foot-Yangming meridian reaches the eyes and flanks the nose, causing eye pain and nasal dryness. The inability to sleep occurs because the Yangming meridian belongs to the Stomach; when the Stomach is affected by pathogenic factors, restlessness ensues. This represents the initial stage of pathogenic invasion, not yet reaching the point of mania. Anhidrosis, aversion to cold, and fever indicate exterior cold pathogens. Regarding drug properties: pungent substances can reach the exterior, and light/clear substances can dispel excess. Rhizoma Cimicifugae (Shengma) and Radix Puerariae Lobatae (Gegen) are pungent and light, thus used to reach the exterior and dispel excess. When cold pathogens injure the body, qi and blood become congested and stagnant; Paeoniae Radix Alba (Baishao) is added to harmonize blood. Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao) is added to regulate qi.