石膏（一斤，捶，不见铁） 知母（去浮皮，六两） 甘草（二两） 粳米（六合）
伤寒，传入于胃，不恶寒，反恶热，有汗作渴，脉大而长者，此方主之。
传入于胃，邪入里矣。表无其邪，故不恶寒；里有实热，故反恶热；热越故有汗；里燥
故作渴；邪盛故脉大；邪在阳明故脉长。白虎，西方金神也。五行之理，将来者进，功成者
退，如秋金之令行，则夏火之炎息。此方名曰白虎，所以行清肃之令而除热也。石膏大寒，
用之以清胃；知母味浓，用之以生津；大寒之性行，恐伤胃气，故用甘草、粳米以养胃。是
方也，惟伤寒内有实热者可用之。若血虚身热，证象白虎，误服白虎者死无救，又东垣之所
以垂戒矣。
柴胡（半斤，去芦） 黄芩（三两） 人参（三两，去芦） 甘草（三两） 半夏（半
斤，制）
伤寒，寒热往来，胁痛，口苦，脉弦者，此邪在少阳经，半表半里之证也，本方主之。
邪在表则恶寒，邪在里则发热，邪在半表半里则恶寒且热，故令寒热往来。少阳之脉行
于两胁，故令胁痛；其经属于胆，胆汁上溢故口苦。胆者，肝之腑，在五行为木，有垂枝之
象，故脉弦。柴胡性辛温，辛者金之味，故用之以平木，温者春之气，故就之以入少阳；黄
芩质枯而味苦，枯则能浮，苦则能降，君以柴胡，则入少阳矣。然邪之伤人，常乘其虚，用
人参、甘草者，欲中气不虚，邪不得复传入里耳。是以中气不虚之人，虽有柴胡证俱，而人
参在可去也。邪初入里，里气逆而烦呕，故用半夏之辛以除呕逆，邪半在表，则荣卫争，故
用姜、枣之辛甘以和荣卫。
仲景云∶胸中烦而不呕，去半夏、人参，加栝蒌实一枚；若渴者，去半夏，更加人参一
两五钱、栝蒌根四两；若腹中痛者，去黄芩，加芍药三两；若胁下痞硬，去大枣，加牡蛎四
两；若心下悸，小便不利者，去黄芩，加茯苓四两；若不渴，外有微热者，去人参，加桂枝
三两，温覆取微汗；若咳者，去人参、大枣、生姜，加五味子半斤、干姜二两。以上加减法，
皆
Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum, one jin, crushed, avoid contact with iron) Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, remove floating skin, six liang) Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, two liang) Jingmi (Oryzae Fructus Germinatus, six he)
When the pathogen of Shanghan (Cold Damage) transmits to the Stomach, and the patient presents with aversion to cold absent but aversion to heat present, accompanied by sweating and thirst, with a pulse that is large and long, this formula is indicated.
Transmission to the Stomach indicates the pathogen has entered the interior. Since there is no pathogen on the exterior, there is no aversion to cold; since there is excess heat in the interior, there is aversion to heat; because heat escapes outward, there is sweating; due to dryness in the interior, there is thirst; because the pathogen is vigorous, the pulse is large; because the pathogen is in the Yangming channel, the pulse is long. Baihu (White Tiger) is the Golden Spirit of the West. According to the principles of Wuxing (Five Elements), what comes later advances, and what has completed its function retreats. Just as when the command of Autumn Metal prevails, the blazing fire of Summer extinguishes. This formula is named "Baihu" to execute the command of clearing and purifying so as to eliminate heat. Shigao is extremely cold; it is used to clear Stomach heat. Zhimu has a rich flavor; it is used to generate fluids. Because the nature of extreme cold may damage Stomach Qi, Gancao and Jingmi are used to nourish the Stomach. This formula is only applicable for Shanghan cases where there is excess heat within. If body heat is caused by Blood deficiency, and the symptoms resemble those of the Baihu pattern, mistaken administration of Baihu Tang will lead to death without remedy; this is the warning left by Li Dongyuan.
Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix, half a jin, remove the rhizome head) Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix, three liang) Renshen (Ginseng Radix, three liang, remove the rhizome head) Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, three liang) Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma Preparatum, half a jin, processed)
In Shanghan, if there are alternating chills and fever, hypochondriac pain, bitter taste in the mouth, and a wiry pulse, this indicates the pathogen is in the Shaoyang channel, representing a syndrome of half-exterior and half-interior. This formula treats such conditions.
When the pathogen is on the exterior, there is aversion to cold; when in the interior, there is fever; when in half-exterior and half-interior, there are both aversion to cold and fever, thus causing alternating chills and fever. The Shaoyang channel runs along the bilateral hypochondrium, causing hypochondriac pain; this channel belongs to the Gallbladder, and upward overflow of bile causes a bitter taste in the mouth. The Gallbladder is the Fu-organ of the Liver; in Wuxing it belongs to Wood, having the image of hanging branches, hence the pulse is wiry. Chaihu is acrid and warm. Acridity is the flavor of Metal, so it is used to pacify Wood; warmth is the qi of Spring, so it naturally enters the Shaoyang channel. Huangqin is withered in texture and bitter in flavor; withered means it can float, bitter means it can descend. With Chaihu as the Sovereign herb, the action enters the Shaoyang channel. However, pathogens often attack when the body is deficient. Renshen and Gancao are used to ensure the Middle Jiao Qi is not deficient, preventing the pathogen from transmitting further into the interior. Therefore, in individuals whose Middle Jiao Qi is not deficient, even if all Chaihu patterns are present, Renshen may be omitted. When the pathogen first enters the interior, the interior Qi rebels causing irritability and vomiting, so the acridity of Banxia is used to eliminate vomiting and rebellion; when the pathogen is partly on the exterior, Ying and Wei struggle, so the acrid-sweet nature of Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) and Dazao (Jujubae Fructus) is used to harmonize Ying and Wei.
Zhongjing stated: If there is irritability in the chest but no vomiting, remove Banxia and Renshen, add one Gualou Fruit (Trichosanthis Fructus); if there is thirst, remove Banxia, add an additional one liang five qian of Renshen and four liang of Gualou Root (Trichosanthis Radix); if there is abdominal pain, remove Huangqin, add three liang of Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Alba); if there is fullness and hardness under the hypochondrium, remove Dazao, add four liang of Muli (Ostreae Concha); if there is palpitation in the heart region and difficulty urinating, remove Huangqin, add four liang of Fuling (Poria); if there is no thirst but slight external heat, remove Renshen, add three liang of Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus), cover with blankets to induce slight sweating; if there is coughing, remove Renshen, Dazao, and Shengjiang, add half a jin of Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus) and two liang of Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma). The above modification methods are...