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[Qingpi Yin]
A general formula for treating epidemic malaria (This refers to malaria affecting the three Yang meridians. *Jiyao* states: Malaria can affect the three Yang meridians or the three Yin meridians, and their manifestations differ. Similar to Shanghan disease, when in the Taiyang meridian it is called Cold Malaria, treated mostly with sweating methods; when in the Yangming meridian it is called Heat Malaria, treated mostly with purgative methods; when in the Shaoyang meridian it is called Wind Malaria, treated with harmonizing methods).

Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix), Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, de-stemmed), Zexie (Alismatis Rhizoma) (each 3 qian).
These are herbs for the Foot-Shaoyang meridian. Wu Hegao stated: Pathogenic factors have three locations: in the exterior, in the interior, and at the half-exterior half-interior level. The malaria pathogen hides between the muscle layers... [text fragment omitted due to corruption] ...to treat...

(From Yan Yonghe)
Treats malaria with more heat than chills, bitter taste in the mouth, dry throat, scanty and painful urination, and a wiry and rapid pulse (More heat indicates Yang excess; bitter taste and dry throat indicate Liver-Gallbladder fire).

Qingpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride), Nongpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, vinegar-fried), Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix, stir-fried), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, ginger-processed), Fuling (Poria), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, earth-fried), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-roasted), Caoguo (Tsao-ko Fructus). Decoct with fresh ginger. Another version adds Binglang (Arecae Semen). For excessive thirst, add Maidong (Ophiopogonis Radix) and Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma); if malaria persists, add Jiuchangshan (Stemonae Radix, wine-fried, 1 qian) and Wumei (Mume Fructus, 2 pieces. Changshan seizes phlegm to arrest malaria, Wumei astringes...).

These are herbs for the Foot-Shaoyang and Foot-Taiyin meridians. Malaria is a pathogen of the Liver and Gallbladder, yet it often arises from damage to the Spleen and Stomach. The Spleen belongs to Wet Earth; secondary contraction of dampness generates heat, and heat generates phlegm, hence the aforementioned symptoms. Once the Spleen is diseased, Wood overacts on it. Therefore, Qingpi and Chaihu are used to break stagnation and subdue the Liver (Chaihu soothes the Liver Qi in the Upper Jiao, Qingpi soothes the Liver Qi in the Lower Jiao); Banxia and Nongpo are used to move phlegm and calm the Stomach (Nongpo calms the Stomach, Banxia dries phlegm. Ancient saying: "No phlegm, no malaria"); Fuling is used to leach out dampness; Huangqin is used to clear heat; Caoguo is acrid and hot, capable of dispersing accumulated cold in the Taiyin, resolving phlegm, and arresting malaria. It can clear phlegm generated from rich foods, presumably removing factors that harm the Spleen first; then Baizhu and Gancao are used to harmonize and tonify (This is a modification of Xiaochaihu Tang, a variation from formulas warming the Spleen. Contraindicated in deficiency malaria. Wu Hegao said: "Qingpi" does not mean cooling; it means attacking and removing pathogens so that the Spleen region becomes clear. Liu Zongnong mocked this due to the acrid-hot nature of Caoguo, failing to understand the profundity of Yan Yonghe’s theory. Zhang Zihe said: Physicians of the world regard malaria as Spleen cold, attributing severe cases to demonic influence, which is laughable. Liu Zongnong said: When summer heat is extreme and Yang reaches its peak, Yin lies hidden within. If one seeks coolness or bathes, cold pathogens lodge in the muscles; or if injured by hunger, fullness, or labor, internal injury causes disease onset. Muscles belong to the Spleen; upon attack, there is aversion to cold and shivering, hence termed "Spleen Cold." In reality, it is caused by wind-cold-damp pathogens depressing the cou-li (skin pores). In summer, pores are open and no disease occurs; in autumn, when Qi converges, exterior pathogens cannot be vented, leading to alternating progression and regression, with alternating chills and fever, resembling persecution. Hence named "Malaria," which is essentially Shanghan of the four seasons. All twelve meridians can manifest this disease. Ancient formulas often achieved efficacy by addressing internal injuries simultaneously. Because the Spleen and Stomach harmonized, essence and Qi flowed, Yin and Yang reconciled, and all pathogens dispersed, it is actually not a Spleen disease. People use methods such as releasing the exterior, resolving the muscle layer, warming meridians, and dispersing cold, without strictly adhering to drying-Spleen or seizing-phlegm agents. Wang Ang notes: Spleen deficiency causes aversion to cold, Stomach deficiency causes aversion to heat, and alternating chills and fever can occur in the Spleen, not just the Shaoyang. Although all twelve meridians and zang-fu organs can cause malaria, damage to the Spleen and Stomach is indeed common. Thus, in Zhongjing’s Xiaochaihu Tang, Renshen, Gancao, Banxia, Jiang, and Zao are all Spleen-Stomach herbs; for treating Shaoyang, only Chaihu is specific. Yan followed this principle, establishing Qingpi Yin by modifying Xiaochaihu Tang, clearly indicating treatment from the perspective of the Spleen and Stomach. Liu’s discussion also emphasizes internal injury to the Spleen and Stomach, yet he dared not overturn Zihe’s case regarding it not being a Spleen disease, which is perhaps incorrect. Additionally, ancient formulas used Pixie Dan and Xionzhu Wan to treat Gui Malaria (Ghost Malaria), generally for miscellaneous diseases...)