《素问》阴阳应象大论曰∶肾主耳，在窍为耳。《灵枢》脉度篇曰∶肾气通于耳。
肾和，则耳能闻五音矣。五阅五使篇曰∶耳者，肾之官也。金匮真言又曰∶南方赤
色，入通于心，开窍于耳。是耳一也，为两脏共开之窍，岂非心肾交通，水火相济
之义乎？若二脏不和，虚实寒热，皆能上致耳疾。即经络之过于耳者，亦皆能作疾。
如《灵枢》经脉篇曰∶小肠手太阳之脉，入耳中，其病耳聋。三焦手少阳之脉，从
耳后，入耳中，出走耳前，其病耳聋浑浑 。大肠手阳明之别脉，入耳，合宗脉，实则龋聋。
口问篇曰∶耳中，宗脉之所聚也。胃中空，则宗脉虚。虚则下溜而脉竭，故上虚而鸣。选方四首。
清神散 治风气壅上，头目不清，耳常重听。
僵蚕 菊花（各一两） 荆芥 羌活 木通 川芎 香附 防风 菖蒲 甘草（各二钱）
为末。每三钱，食后临卧茶清下。
磁石汤 治肾虚耳聋，面黑，饥不欲食，腰胁背痛。
磁石 五味子 杜仲 白术 白石英（各二钱） 黄 白茯苓（各一钱）
水煎服。
益肾散 治肾虚耳聋。
磁石 巴戟 沉香 菖蒲 川椒（各一两）
为末。每二钱，用猪肾一枚，细切，和以葱、盐并药，用湿纸十重包裹，煨熟。空心细嚼，酒下。
犀角饮子 治风热上壅，耳聋肿痛，脓水流出。
犀角 菖蒲 木通 玄参 赤芍药 赤小豆 甘菊花（各五分） 甘草（二分半）
姜煎，温服。
The *Yin Yang Ying Xiang Da Lun* (Great Treatise on Yin and Yang Corresponding to Images) of the *Su Wen* (Basic Questions) states: The Kidney governs the ear, manifesting as the orifice of the ear. The *Mai Du Pian* (Chapter on Pulse Lengths) of the *Ling Shu* (Spiritual Pivot) states: Kidney Qi connects with the ear. When Kidney Qi is harmonious, the ear can perceive the five tones. The *Wu Yue Wu Shi Pian* (Chapter on Five Observations and Five Orifices) states: The ear is the official organ of the Kidney. The *Jin Gui Zhen Yan* (True Words of the Golden Casket) further states: The red color of the South enters into communication with the Heart, opening at the orifice of the ear. Thus, although it is one organ, the ear serves as the shared orifice for two Zang organs; does this not embody the principle of the interaction between Heart and Kidney, and the mutual assistance of Water and Fire? If these two organs are not in harmony, whether due to deficiency, excess, cold, or heat, all can lead upward to cause ear diseases. Even the meridians that pass through the ear can give rise to pathology. For instance, the *Jing Mai Pian* (Chapter on Meridians) of the *Ling Shu* states: The meridian of the Hand-Taiyang Small Intestine enters the middle of the ear; its disease is deafness. The meridian of the Hand-Shaoyang Sanjiao (Triple Burner) goes from behind the ear, enters the middle of the ear, and emerges anterior to the ear; its disease is deafness with a muffled sensation. The collateral branch of the Hand-Yangming Large Intestine enters the ear and joins the Zong Mai (Gathering Vessels); in excess conditions, it causes toothache and deafness. The *Kou Wen Pian* (Chapter on Questions of the Mouth) states: The middle of the ear is where the Zong Mai gather. When the Stomach is empty, the Zong Mai become deficient. Deficiency leads to downward sinking and exhaustion of the vessels, thus causing tinnitus due to upper deficiency. Four selected formulas are presented below.
Qingshen San (Clear Spirit Powder): Treats wind-pathogen stagnating and ascending, causing cloudiness of the head and eyes, and persistent hearing loss (heavy hearing).
Ingredients: Biancan (Bombyx Batryticatus), Juhua (Chrysanthemi Flos) (each 1 liang); Jingjie (Schizonepetae Spica), Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), Mutong (Akebiae Caulis), Chuanxiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Xiangfu (Cyperi Rhizoma), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Shichangpu (Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (each 2 qian).
Preparation and Administration: Pulverized into powder. Take 3 qian each time, administered after meals and before sleep with clear tea water.
Cishi Tang (Magnetite Decoction): Treats deafness due to Kidney deficiency, dark complexion, hunger without desire to eat, and pain in the waist, hypochondrium, and back.
Ingredients: Cishi (Magnetitum), Wuweizi (Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus), Duzhong (Eucommiae Cortex), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Bai Shiy ing (Quartzum Album) (each 2 qian); Huangqi (Astragali Radix), Baifuling (Poria) (each 1 qian).
Preparation and Administration: Decocted in water and taken orally.
Yishen San (Benefit Kidney Powder): Treats deafness due to Kidney deficiency.
Ingredients: Cishi (Magnetitum), Bajitian (Morindae Officinalis Radix), Chenxiang (Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum), Shichangpu (Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma), Chuanjiao (Zanthoxyli Pericarpium) (each 1 liang).
Preparation and Administration: Pulverized into powder. Take 2 qian each time. Use one pig kidney, finely sliced, mixed with scallion, salt, and the medicine. Wrap tightly in ten layers of wet paper and bake until cooked. Chew thoroughly on an empty stomach and swallow with wine.
Xijiao Yinzi (Rhino Horn Infusion): Treats wind-heat stagnating and ascending, causing deafness, swelling, pain, and discharge of pus.
Ingredients: Xijiao (Rhinocerotis Cornu), Shichangpu (Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma), Mutong (Akebiae Caulis), Xuanshen (Scrophulariae Radix), Chi Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Rubra), Chixiaodou (Phaseoli Semen Rubrum), Gan Juhua (Chrysanthemi Indici Flos) (each 5 fen); Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (2.5 fen).
Preparation and Administration: Decocted with ginger, taken warm.