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The *Classic* states: "Worry and thought cause the Heart vessels to contract; contraction leads to the constriction of the Qi mechanism." ("Constriction" means Qi is knotted and fails to circulate. Worry and thought lead to Qi stagnation; since Will (Zhi) is commanded by Qi, this is a natural process. Why must one deduce it to the contraction of the Heart vessels? This is truly a superficial theory focusing only on physical form, a pseudo-theory of later generations. Therefore, deep sighing (Tai Xi) is used to expel it, to soothe and unblock the Qi.) When Qi is abundant and stagnant, it manifests as anger; when Qi is not abundant but stagnant, it manifests as deep sighing. Observing the *Classic* stating that patients with Gallbladder disease (due to Qi failing to ascend) often sigh, have a bitter taste in the mouth, and vomit bitter fluid, we can understand this. Deep sighing and anger both belong to the category of Qi stagnation.

Laughter arises from joy; joy belongs to the Heart, therefore laughter also belongs to the Heart. The *Classic* states: "The Heart stores the Spirit (Shen); if Shen is in excess, laughter will be incessant." Spirit is essentially Heart Fire. Observing that flames roar loudly when burning intensely, we can understand this. When a candle burns, its light flickers; when a person laughs, their Qi floats upward. Zhang Hezi used roasted salt (two taels of Cangyan salt, heated until red-hot, cooled, ground into fine powder, and decocted in river water) to induce vomiting of hot phlegm, and cured the patient using Huanglian Jiedu Tang (Coptis Decoction for Detoxification). This illustrates the principle of Water overcoming Fire, and Cold overcoming Heat.

Sorrow belongs to the Lung; sorrow causes Qi to descend, and the Lung governs descending, thus sorrow belongs to the Lung. Zhang Zhongjing stated: "In women with Zang-Jiao syndrome, there is sorrow and a desire to cry, with behaviors resembling those possessed by spirits." (Crying without reason, even the patient does not know why, so it seems as if possessed by ghosts or gods.) One may use one sheng of wheat and ten large dates, decocted in water for oral administration. Zhang Hezi diagnosed a female patient, asking: "Does Madam often feel relief after crying bitterly?" The woman replied: "Yes." Zhang Hezi said: "Fire scorching Lung Metal; Metal feels wronged and suppressed, having no outlet to complain. Since the Lung governs sorrow, there is a desire to cry bitterly." She was cured using Huanglian Jiedu Tang (see Joy section). Yu Jiayan diagnosed Jiang Yiren suffering from dryness and blood deficiency in the Large Intestine, asking: "Do you cry frequently during illness?" The reply was: "Yes." This is because the Large Intestine and Lung are exterior-interior partners; dryness in the Large Intestine allows Fire-Heat to harass the Lung.

Being startled by external events stems from external causes; being startled due to illness stems from internal causes. If the Heart is invaded by Heat, movement and startle occur. Attributing startle to the Liver and Gallbladder is because the Liver governs movement, and Gallbladder deficiency leads to easy startle. (Those with timid or overly large yet deficient Gallbladders are prone to startle, due to insufficient Blood. Blood belongs to the category of Water; Water governs stillness. When Water is sufficient, it remains still and difficult to disturb, hence no startle.) The Heart and Liver rely on Blood for nourishment. When Blood is deficient, the Spirit of the Heart has no foundation, and the Ethereal Soul (Hun) of the Liver cannot be stored. Heat from any of the Five Viscera can invade the Heart and cause startle. The *Classic* states: "Patients with Yangming disease dislike people and fire." (Stomach heat causes aversion to human disturbance and the heat of fire, preventing tranquility and coolness.) "Hearing the sound of wood makes them tremble with fear." (Because Wood generates Fire and governs movement.) Taking Yangming as an example covers the rest. Startle caused by internal Fire typically presents with a floating and rapid pulse; startle caused by external affairs typically presents with a floating and moving pulse, where the Moving pulse resembles a bean, trembling and unstable. Formula: Huanglian Anshen Wan (Coptis Calming the Spirit Pill). Since startle causes Qi to rise upward, heavy and sinking herbs are used to suppress its floating and overflowing nature (such as Cinnabar and Dragon Bone). For cases due to excessive Fire and Blood deficiency, sweet and cold moistening agents are used to drain Heart Fire and tonify Blood. Startle causes the Spirit to leave the Heart, leaving it empty; fluids enter and transform into Phlegm, blocking the Spirit's return, causing intractable startle. Formulas include Shiwai Wendan Tang (Ten-Ingredient Gallbladder-Warming Decoction), Yangxin Tang (Nourish the Heart Decoction), Shouxing Wan (Longevity Star Pill) (see Mania and Epilepsy sections), Kongxian Dan (Draining Fluids Elixir) (see Phlegm section) added with Chen Sha (Vermilion) and Yuanzhi (Polygala Root). Startle originates from Fire, but the causes of Fire are manifold: if caused by five types of retained fluids stagnating and transforming into Fire, use Wuyin Tangwan (Five Retained Fluids Decoction/Pill) (see Phlegm-Fluids section). If caused by Dampness stagnating and transforming into Heat, use Qianghuo Shengshi Tang (Notopterygium Overcoming Dampness Decoction) (see Injury by Dampness section). If caused by Cold stagnating and transforming into Heat, dispersing Cold causes Fire to recede naturally. For Heat stagnation with Phlegm, use Hanshuishi San (Cold Water Stone Powder). For Qi stagnation with Phlegm, use Jiawei Siqui Tang (Modified Four Seven Decoction). For restless sleep and frequent waking due to startle, use Wendan Tang added with Zaoren (Semen Ziziphus Spinosae) and Lianrou (Endocarpium Nelumbinis), decocted together with Yinjin (Silver Filings), swallowed with Shisiyou Wan (Fourteen Friends Pill), or Zhenxin Dan (Calming the Heart Elixir), or Yuanzhi Wan (Polygala Pill). "Startle should be pacified." Zhang Hezi explained that "pacify" means making it ordinary. For instance, if one is startled by loud noises, one should frequently strike objects to make noise, allowing them to become accustomed to hearing it as ordinary, thus ceasing to be startled.