经义
脑为髓之海。髓海有余，则轻劲有力，自过其度；髓海不足，则脑转耳鸣，胫酸眩冒，目无所见，懈怠
安卧。○上气不足，脑为之不满，耳为之苦鸣，头为之苦倾，目为之眩。（《灵枢》）
哲言
脑为髓海，囟以卫之。小儿囟不合者，脑未满也。脑髓纯者灵，杂者钝。耳目皆由以禀令，故聪明焉。
思则心气上通于囟，脑髓实则思易得。过思则心火烁脑，头眩、眼花、耳鸣之象立见，而髓伤矣。髓本精生，
下通督脉，命火温养则髓益充。纵欲者伤其命门，不但无以上温，而且索其下注，脑髓几何，能禁命门之取给
而不敝乎？精不足者，补之以味，皆上行至脑，以为生化之源，安可不为之珍惜？（《医参》）
补编
头脑作痛，犹如刀劈，动辄眩晕，脑后抽掣跳动，举发无时，
此肝经痰火，名曰厥巅疾。厥者，逆也。恚怒太过，气与血俱逆于高巅。而胆穴又络于脑。宜清痰降火，以芩、
连、花粉、胆草、大黄、芦荟、丹皮、赤芍之类，调猪胆汁服之。若虚弱人患此，宜六味汤、逍遥散主之。（《证治汇补》）
（附眉棱骨痛、毛）
经义
女子七岁，肾气实，齿更发长。五七，阳明脉衰，面始焦，发始堕。○丈夫八岁，肾气实，发长齿更。五
八，肾气衰，发堕齿枯。○发者血之余。○肾者主蛰，封藏之本，精之处也，其华在发。○肾之合，骨也；其荣
发也。○多食甘则骨痛而发落。（《素问》）
帝曰∶妇人无须者，无血气乎？岐伯曰∶冲脉、任脉，皆起于胞中，上循腹里，为经络之海。其浮而外者，
循腹右上行，会于咽喉，别而络唇口。血气盛则充肤热肉，血独盛则澹渗皮肤，生毫毛。今妇人之生，有余于
气，不足于血，以其数脱血也。冲任之脉，不荣口唇，故须不生焉。帝曰∶士人有伤于阴，阴气绝而不起，阴
不用，然其须不去，宦者独去何也？岐伯曰∶宦者去其宗筋，伤其冲脉，血泻不复，皮肤内结，唇口不荣，故
须不生。帝曰∶其有天宦者，未尝被伤，不脱于血，然其须不生，其故何也？岐伯曰∶此天之所不足也。其冲
任不盛，宗筋不成，有气无血，唇口不荣，故须不生。○足阳明之上，气血盛则髯美长，血少气多则髯短，气
少血多则髯少，血气皆少则髯无，两吻多画。○足少阳之上，血气盛则通髯美长，血多气少则通髯美短，血少
气多则少须，血气皆少则无须。○手阳明之上，血气盛则髭美。血少气多则髭恶，血气皆少则无髭。○手太阳
之上，血气盛则有多须。○足太阳之上，血气盛则美眉，眉有毫毛。血多气少则恶眉。
○手少阳之上。血气盛则眉美以长。（《灵枢》）
哲言
在头曰发，发者，拔也，拔擢而出也。在目曰眉，眉者，媚也，有 媚也。颐下曰须，须者，秀也，物成
乃秀，人成而须生也。在颊曰髯，随口摇动，髯髯然也。口上曰髭，髭者，姿也，为姿容之美也。（《万病回春》）
人身毫毛皆微而发独盛者，何也？百脉会于百会，血气上行而为之生发也。血气上行，必有所止，止而因
复下行，则发为之卫。发频剃而血气不敝者，犹山生草木，原以供人之翦伐也。发剃则复长，不剃则长以时定，
亦与草木无异也。发长极则末歧，末歧则中折，草木之华实似之。白则如草木就枯，生气竭索矣。人之衰老，
始于发白，则气血之上行者无力也。发所以卫头，阳上极而发不能卫，故汗出发润而知其必死也。气血逆则发
逆，婴儿病，其头毛皆逆上者死。○眉也者，肝之守也。合则眉散，怒则眉竖，愁则眉蹙，喜则眉开，疠则眉
落，寿则眉长，劳则眉青，风则眉痛。其穴为攒竹，其骨为眼眶，其下覆也则目瞑。凡毛皆凹生，而此独凸出，
肝气之外见者也。（《医参》）
须发，毛类也，无关于病。然一损损于肺，则皮聚而毛落。又大风之病，令人须眉脱落，亦可畏也。闻之
血虚者其须发早白，亦见有盛衰之候。人年将至四十，不可不预为计也。大抵发属心、属火，故上生；须属肾、
属水，故下生；眉属肝、属木，故侧生。男子肾气外行，上为须，下为势；女子、阉人无势，故亦无须。而眉
发无异，则知须之属肾也明矣。（《证治合参》）
年少发早白落，此血热太过也。世俗止知发者血之余，血衰故耳。岂知血热而发反不茂！肝者，木也。火
多水少，木反不荣；火至于顶，炎上之甚也。热病汗后，发多脱落，岂有寒耶？（张子和）
补编
发黄白，七宝美髯丹。○发白须黄、发落不生、皮毛枯槁，俱是营卫气衰，黄 建中汤下六味丸。○染
须法∶拣好茄棵，留初生第一枚。傍蒂上面，挖去一块，嵌入水银三分，仍以挖下者掩上、扎好，余花摘去。
久之，茄中悉化为水，取贮罐中。以水浸罐之半，勿令干。须梢一沾，全须尽黑。（《张氏医通》）
附眉棱骨痛
眉棱者，目系之所过，上属于脑。外挟风寒，内成郁热，上攻头脑，下注目睛，则眉棱骨作痛。又有肝
火上壅者，有风痰上攻者，有湿气内郁者，有肝经血虚见光则痛者，有肝经伤饮昼静夜剧者。若妇人经行将尽，
不能安养，或以针黹劳神，致令眉棱骨酸痛者，专主益阴养血。（《证治汇补》）
眉棱骨痛者，此肝血失养、肾水不荣于骨，主三年之内有大风疾至，明其根本既拔而外邪乘袭也。治宜
滋补肝肾，少佐风药，以使上达。（冯楚瞻）
附毛
《素问》曰∶肺主皮毛，肺败则皮毛先绝。可知周身之毛，皆肺主之。察其毛色枯润，可以觇肺之病。
然《灵枢》云∶足阳明之下，血气盛则下毛美长至胸，血多气少则下毛美短至脐，血气皆少则无毛，有则稀枯
悴；足少阳之下，血气盛则胫毛美长，血多气少则胫毛美短，血少气多则 毛少，气血皆少则无毛；手阳明之
下，血气盛则腋下毛美。各有至理，均宜参详。（张仲岩）
[Scriptural Principles]
The brain is the sea of marrow. If the sea of marrow is abundant and sufficient, the body becomes light, agile, and strong, capable of exceeding normal limits; if the sea of marrow is insufficient, one experiences dizziness (vertigo), tinnitus, soreness and weakness in the shins,眩冒 (dizziness and blurred vision), inability to see clearly, lethargy, and a desire to lie down quietly. ○ When the Qi of the upper part is insufficient, the brain feels empty and unsatisfied, the ears suffer from ringing, the head feels heavy and difficult to support, and the eyes feel dizzy. (From *Ling Shu*)
[Philosophical Remarks]
The brain is the sea of marrow, and the fontanelle (the soft spot on an infant's head where the skull bones have not yet fused) serves to protect it. If an infant's fontanelle fails to close late, it indicates that the brain marrow is not yet full. Pure brain marrow leads to spiritual acuity, while mixed or impure marrow leads to dullness. The ears and eyes obey the commands of the brain, thus manifesting as intelligence. When thinking, the Heart Qi ascends to connect with the fontanelle; when brain marrow is substantial, mental activity is facilitated. Excessive thinking causes Heart Fire to scorch the brain, immediately resulting in symptoms of dizziness, blurred vision, and tinnitus, thereby damaging the marrow. Marrow is generated from Essence (Jing) and connects downward to the Du Meridian (Governing Vessel); it becomes more abundant when warmed and nourished by the Mingmen Fire (Gate of Life). Indulgence in sexual activities damages the Mingmen, not only failing to warm upwards but also depleting the lower resources. How much brain marrow can withstand such continuous extraction without becoming exhausted? For those with insufficient Essence, tonification with rich-flavored herbs allows medicinal power to ascend to the brain, serving as the source of biochemical transformation; how can one fail to cherish and preserve this? (From *Yi Can*)
[Supplement]
Headache resembling a knife-cut sensation, frequent dizziness, throbbing and pulling sensations at the back of the head, occurring at unpredictable times: this is Phlegm-Fire in the Liver Meridian, named "Jue Dian Ji" (Rebellious Disease of the Vertex). "Jue" means rebellion or reversal. Excessive anger causes Qi and Blood to rebel and rush to the highest point (the vertex). Since the Gallbladder Meridian points also connect to the brain, treatment should focus on clearing Phlegm and descending Fire. Use herbs such as Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix), Huang Lian (Coptidis Rhizoma), Hua Fen (Trichosanthis Radix), Dan Cao (Gentianae Radix), Da Huang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma), Lu Hui (Aloe), Mu Dan Pi (Moutan Cortex), and Chi Shao (Paeoniae Radix Rubra),调和 (mixed) with Pig Bile. For patients with deficiency constitution, Liu Wei Di Huang Wan (Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Pill) or Xiao Yao San (Free and Easy Wanderer Powder) should be used as the primary formula. (From *Zheng Zhi Hui Bu*)
(Attachment: Pain in the Supraorbital Ridge; Hair)
[Scriptural Principles]
At age seven, a girl's Kidney Qi becomes substantial, her teeth change, and her hair grows. At age thirty-five (five sevens), the Yangming Meridians begin to decline, her face starts to wither, and her hair begins to fall out. ○ At age eight, a boy's Kidney Qi becomes substantial, his hair grows, and his teeth change. At age forty (five eights), his Kidney Qi begins to decline, his hair falls out, and his teeth become dry and brittle. ○ Hair is the surplus of Blood. ○ The Kidneys govern hibernation and storage; they are the root of Essence, and their flourishing manifests in the hair. ○ The Kidney's paired tissue is bone; its flourishing manifestation is hair. ○ Excessive consumption of sweet flavors leads to bone pain and hair loss. (From *Su Wen*)
The Yellow Emperor asked: Do women lack Hu Xu (beard hair) because they lack Qi and Blood? Qi Bo replied: The Chong Mai (Penetrating Vessel) and Ren Mai (Conception Vessel) both originate in the Bao Zhong (uterus/central cavity), ascend along the interior of the abdomen, and serve as the Sea of the Meridians. Their branches that float outward ascend along the right side of the abdomen, meet at the throat, and branch off to network the lips and mouth. When Qi and Blood are abundant, they fill the skin and warm the flesh; when Blood is particularly abundant, it permeates the skin and generates fine hairs. Women are born with excess Qi but deficient Blood due to frequent blood loss (menstruation, childbirth). Because the Chong and Ren vessels do not nourish the lips and mouth, beard hair does not grow. The Yellow Emperor asked: A scholar has injured his Yin area; his Yin Qi is severed and cannot erect, his sexual function is lost, yet his beard does not fall out. Why do eunuchs (castrated men) also not grow beards? Qi Bo replied: Eunuchs have their Zong Jin (genitals/tendons) removed, injuring the Chong Mai. Blood is drained and cannot recover; internal skin结聚 (knots/forms), and the lips and mouth are not nourished, so beard hair does not grow. The Yellow Emperor asked: What about Tian Hun (congenital castrate/impotent man)? He has never suffered injury, nor lost blood, yet he does not grow a beard. What is the reason? Qi Bo replied: This is congenital insufficiency. His Chong and Ren vessels are not vigorous, his Zong Jin does not develop properly, he has Qi but lacks Blood, his lips and mouth are not nourished, so beard hair does not grow. ○ On the course of the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian: Abundant Qi and Blood result in beautiful, long cheek beards; less Blood and more Qi result in short beards; less Qi and more Blood result in few beards; deficient Qi and Blood result in no beards, with many lines at the corners of the mouth. ○ On the course of the Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian: Abundant Qi and Blood result in beautiful, long full beards (covering cheeks and chin); more Blood and less Qi result in beautiful but short full beards; less Blood and more Qi result in few beards; deficient Qi and Blood result in no beards. ○ On the course of the Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian: Abundant Qi and Blood result in beautiful mustaches; less Blood and more Qi result in ugly mustaches; deficient Qi and Blood result in no mustaches. ○ On the course of the Hand-Taiyang Small Intestine Meridian: Abundant Qi and Blood result in abundant facial hair. ○ On the course of the Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian: Abundant Qi and Blood result in beautiful eyebrows with fine hairs; more Blood and less Qi result in ugly eyebrows.
○ On the course of the Hand-Shaoyang Sanjiao Meridian: Abundant Qi and Blood result in beautiful, long eyebrows. (From *Ling Shu*)
[Philosophical Remarks]
Hair growing on the head is called Fa (hair); "Fa" implies emerging or pulling up. Eyebrows above the eyes are called Mei (eyebrows); "Mei" sounds like "Mei" (charming/beautiful), implying charm. Beard on the chin is called Xu (beard); "Xu" implies elegance/beauty; things mature to become elegant, and humans mature to grow beards. Sideburns on the cheeks are called Ran (sideburns); they move with the mouth, appearing "Ran Ran". Mustaches above the mouth are called Zi (mustache); "Zi" implies posture/appearance, contributing to facial beauty. (From *Wan Bing Hui Chun*)
Why are the fine hairs on the body generally sparse, while head hair is exceptionally lush? This is because all meridians converge at Bai Hui (GV20), allowing Qi and Blood to ascend and generate hair. Ascending Qi and Blood must have a stopping point; after stopping, they descend again, and the hair serves as a protective barrier. Frequent shaving does not exhaust Qi and Blood, just as grass and trees on mountains grow specifically to be cut. Hair regrows after shaving; if not shaved, it grows according to seasonal cycles, similar to vegetation. When hair reaches its maximum length, the ends split; splitting leads to breakage in the middle, resembling the flowers and fruits of plants. White hair is like withered plants, indicating exhaustion of vital energy. Human aging begins with white hair, indicating weakness in ascending Qi and Blood. Hair protects the head; when Yang Qi peaks at the top but hair fails to protect it (manifested as sweat-soaked hair), death is imminent. Reversal of Qi and Blood leads to reversed hair standing; if an infant's illness presents with all head hair standing on end, the prognosis is fatal. ○ Eyebrows are the guardians of the Liver. Relaxed state disperses eyebrows; anger raises them; sorrow furrows them; joy opens them; leprosy causes them to fall; longevity allows them to grow long; fatigue makes them appear dark/green; wind pathogen causes pain. The acupoint associated is Zan Zhu (BL2); the bone is the orbital rim; beneath the eyebrows, the eyes close. All hairs grow concave, except eyebrows which protrude convexly, representing the external manifestation of Liver Qi. (From *Yi Can*)
Beard and hair belong to the category of hair and are generally unrelated to disease. However, if Lung Qi is damaged, skin contracts and hair falls. Additionally, severe diseases like Feng Bing (Leprosy/Malignant Wind) cause beard and eyebrow loss, which is terrifying. It is said that those with Blood Deficiency experience premature whitening of beard and hair, showing signs of decline. As one approaches forty years of age, preventive measures should be taken. Generally, hair belongs to the Heart and Fire, hence it grows upward; beard belongs to the Kidney and Water, hence it grows downward; eyebrows belong to the Liver and Wood, hence they grow laterally. In men, Kidney Qi moves outward, manifesting as beard above and genitals below; women and eunuchs lack genitals, hence they lack beards. Since eyebrows and hair are similar, it is clear that beard belongs to the Kidney. (From *Zheng Zhi He Can*)
Premature whitening and loss of hair in young people is due to excessive Heat in the Blood. Secular knowledge only knows that hair is the surplus of Blood, attributing loss to Blood deficiency. They do not realize that Blood Heat actually prevents hair from flourishing. The Liver belongs to Wood. If Fire is excessive and Water is scarce, Wood fails to flourish; Fire flaring up to the vertex represents intense upward flaming. After heat diseases induce sweating, hair often falls out; this is not due to Cold. (Zhang Zihe)
[Supplement]
For yellow or white hair, use Qi Bao Mei Ran Dan (Seven Treasures Beautiful Beard Pill). ○ For white hair, yellow beard, hair loss, and dry/withered skin and hair: these indicate decline of Ying and Wei Qi. Administer Liu Wei Wan (Six-Ingredient Pill) with Huang Qi Jian Zhong Tang (Astragalus Decoction for Establishing the Middle). ○ Method for dyeing beard: Select good eggplant stalks, keeping the first fruit. Above the stem, carve out a piece, insert 3 fen of Mercury (Shui Yin), cover with the carved piece, tie securely, and remove other flowers. Over time, the inside of the eggplant turns into water. Store this water in a jar. Keep half the jar immersed in water to prevent drying. Touching the tip of the beard with this liquid will turn the entire beard black. (From *Zhang Shi Yi Tong*)
[Attachment: Pain in the Supraorbital Ridge]
The supraorbital ridge is where the Eye System passes, connecting upward to the brain. External invasion of Wind-Cold combined with internal accumulation of Depressed Heat attacks the head upward and focuses on the eyeballs downward, causing pain in the supraorbital ridge. Other causes include: Liver Fire surging upward, Wind-Phlegm attacking upward, internal stagnation of Dampness, Liver Blood Deficiency causing pain upon exposure to light, and Liver Meridian injury from fluid retention causing symptoms to worsen at night while quiet during the day. For women near the end of menstruation who fail to rest properly, or who strain their mind through embroidery/work causing sour pain in the supraorbital ridge, treatment should primarily focus on Nourishing Yin and Tonifying Blood. (From *Zheng Zhi Hui Bu*)
Pain in the supraorbital ridge indicates Liver Blood failing to nourish and Kidney Water failing to nourish the bone, predicting a potential onset of severe Wind Disease (Leprosy) within three years. This shows that the root is compromised and external pathogens invade. Treatment should tonify the Liver and Kidneys, with a small addition of Wind-dispelling herbs to guide the action upward. (Feng Chu Zhan)
[Attachment: Body Hair]
*Su Wen* states: The Lung governs skin and hair; when Lung function fails, skin and hair deteriorate first. Thus, all body hair are governed by the Lung. Observing the dryness or moisture of hair color allows one to inspect Lung pathology. However, *Ling Shu* states: Below the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian: Abundant Qi and Blood result in beautiful pubic hair extending to the chest; more Blood and less Qi result in beautiful pubic hair shortening to the umbilicus; deficient Qi and Blood result in no pubic hair, or if present, sparse and withered; Below the Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian: Abundant Qi and Blood result in beautiful, long leg hair; more Blood and less Qi result in beautiful but short leg hair; less Blood and more Qi result in sparse leg hair; deficient Qi and Blood result in no leg hair; Below the Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian: Abundant Qi and Blood result in beautiful axillary hair. Each has its rationale and should be studied carefully. (Zhang Zhong Yan)