味苦，微寒，无毒。主疗痰满，胸胁中痞，心腹结气，风头痛，去痰实，下气，治伤寒
寒热，推陈致新，明目益精，二月八月采根，曝干。
味苦，寒，无毒。主消渴热中，除邪气，肢体浮肿，下水，补不足，益气，疗伤寒久疟，
烦热，胁下邪气，膈中恶，及风汗内疸，多服令人泻。一名 母，一名连母，一名野蓼，一
名地参，一名水参，一名水浚，一名货母，一名 母，一名女雷，一名女理，一名儿草，一
名鹿列，一名韭逢，一名儿踵草，一名东根，一名水须，一名沈燔，一名 。生河内川谷，
二月八月采根，曝干。
味苦，大寒，无毒。主疗时气头痛，大热，口疮。三月四月采茎，阴干。
味辛甘，平，微寒，无毒。主伤寒烦热，淋沥邪气，疝瘕，喉痹，乳难，金疮风痉，疗
腹中结实，心下满，洗洗恶风寒，目眩，项直，咳嗽上气，止烦热渴出汗，安五脏，利骨髓。
一名空草，一名药实，一名苦花，一名苦菜，一名商草，一名勒母，生晋地，十月采根，曝
干。
味苦，寒，无毒。主消渴，身热，烦满，大热，补虚安中，续绝伤，除肠胃中固热，八
疸，身面黄，唇干口燥，短气，通月水，止小便利。一名地蒌，一名果裸，一名天瓜，一名
泽姑。实∶名黄瓜，主胸痹，悦泽人面；茎叶∶疗中热伤暑。生弘农川谷及山阴地。入土深
者良，生卤地者有毒，二月八月采根，曝干。三十日成。
[Qianhu (Peucedani Radix)] Bitter, slightly cold, non-toxic. Mainly treats phlegm-fullness, chest and hypochondriac stuffiness, qi stagnation in the heart and abdomen, wind-induced headache, eliminates phlegm-solidity, directs qi downward, treats chills and fever due to Shanghan (Cold Damage), pushes out the old and generates the new, brightens the eyes and benefits essence. Roots are harvested in February and August, and sun-dried.
[Gualougen (Trichosanthis Radix / Tianhuafen)] Bitter, cold, non-toxic. Mainly treats Xiaoke (Wasting-Thirst) and heat in the middle jiao, removes pathogenic factors, limb edema, promotes urination to reduce water retention, tonifies deficiencies, benefits qi, treats chronic malaria due to long-standing Shanghan, vexing heat, pathogenic factors under the hypochondrium, evil qi in the diaphragm, wind-sweat and internal jaundice; excessive intake causes diarrhea. Also known as Mu, Lianmu, Yeliao, Dican, Shuican, Shuijun, Huomu, [illegible] mu, Nulei, Nuli, Ercao, Lulie, Jiufeng, Erzhangcao, Donggen, Shuixu, Shenfan, [illegible]. Grows in river valleys of Henei; roots are harvested in February and August, and sun-dried.
[Gualou Jingye (Trichosanthis Caulis et Folium)] Bitter, very cold, non-toxic. Mainly treats headache due to seasonal epidemic qi, high fever, mouth ulcers. Stems and leaves are harvested in March and April, and dried in shade.
[Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma)] Pungent, sweet, neutral, slightly cold, non-toxic. Mainly treats vexing heat due to Shanghan, dribbling pathogenic factors, hernia and masses, throat obstruction, difficulty in lactation, wind-spasm from metal wounds, treats solid masses in the abdomen, fullness below the heart, aversion to wind and cold with shivering, dizziness, stiff neck, cough with rebellious qi, stops vexing heat, thirst, and sweating, calms the five zang organs, benefits the bone marrow. Also known as Kongcao, Yaoshi, Kuhuā, Kucai, Shangcao, Lemu. Grows in the region of Jin; roots are harvested in October, and sun-dried.
[Gualou (Trichosanthis Fructus / Whole Plant)] Bitter, cold, non-toxic. Mainly treats Xiaoke (Wasting-Thirst), body heat, vexation and fullness, high fever, tonifies deficiency and calms the middle, repairs severe injuries, removes stubborn heat in the stomach and intestines, eight types of jaundice, yellowing of the body and face, dry lips and mouth, shortness of breath, regulates menstruation, stops excessive urination. Also known as Dilou, Guoluo, Tiangua, Zegu. Fruit: named Huanggua, mainly treats Xiongbi (Chest Bi), beautifies the complexion; Stems and leaves: treat heat injury from summerheat. Grows in river valleys of Hongnong and shady mountain slopes. Those growing deep in the soil are superior; those growing in saline soil are toxic. Roots are harvested in February and August, and sun-dried. Takes thirty days to process.