味辛，温，无毒。主鬼物百精蛊毒，疫疾邪恶气，温疟。久服强悍，轻身，益气延年。
一名鬼督邮，生太山山谷及陇西，三月采。
味苦辛，微温，无毒。主胸胁下逆气，温中，风入脑户，头肿痛，多涕泪出，眩倒目
，止痛，除口臭气。久服益精，明目轻身，令人不忘。一名杜衡，一名杜连，一名白连，
一名白芩，一名若芝。生武陵川泽及冤句，二月八月采根，曝干。
味苦辛甘，平，无毒。主妇人阴中肿痛，男子阴痿湿痒，除痹气，利关节，癫痫，恶疮。
温中下气，令妇人子脏热，男子阴强。久服轻身，好颜色，令人有子。一名蛇粟，一名蛇米，
一名虺床，一名思益，一名绳毒，一名枣棘，一名墙蘼。生临淄川谷及田野，五月采实，阴
干。
味苦，平，微寒，无毒。主风湿寒热邪气，热结黄胆，通身发黄，小便不利，除头热，
去伏瘕。久服轻身益气，耐老，面白悦，长年，白兔食之仙。生太山及丘陵阪岸上，五月及
立秋采，阴干。
味苦咸，寒，大寒，无毒。主皮肤热，恶疮疽痔，湿痹，下乳汁，止遗溺，热气疮痒如
麻豆，可作浴汤。久服轻身益气，耳目聪明，不老延年。一名野兰，生乔山山谷，八月采根，
阴干。
味苦，寒，无毒。主寒湿风痹，黄胆，补中，止血，内崩下血，膀胱不足， 跌，蛊毒。
久服益精气，轻身。可以染绛。一名地血，一名茹 ，一名茅 ，一名 。生乔山川谷，二
月三月采根，曝干。
(Xu Changqiang) Pungent in flavor, warm in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats gu poison (parasitic poisoning), epidemic evil qi, and warm malaria. Long-term consumption enhances physical strength, lightens the body, tonifies qi, and prolongs life.
Also known as Guidu You, it grows in the valleys of Mount Tai and Longxi; harvested in March.
(Duheng) Bitter and pungent in flavor, slightly warm in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats rebellious qi under the chest and hypochondrium, warms the middle jiao, wind entering the Naohu (GV17) acupoint causing head swelling and pain, excessive tearing and rhinorrhea, dizziness and falling, eye pain, relieves pain, and eliminates bad breath. Long-term consumption benefits essence, brightens the eyes, lightens the body, and improves memory. Also known as Duheng, Dulian, Bailian, Baiqin, and Ruozhi. Grows in the marshes of Wuling and Yuanju; roots are harvested in February and August and sun-dried.
(Shechuangzi / Cnidii Fructus) Bitter, pungent, and sweet in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats painful swelling in the female vagina, male impotence with dampness and itching, removes bi syndrome qi, benefits joints, epilepsy, and malignant sores. Warms the middle and directs qi downward, warming the uterus in women and enhancing penile erection in men. Long-term consumption lightens the body, improves complexion, and facilitates fertility. Also known as Shesu, Shemi, Huichuang, Siyi, Shengdu, Zaoji, and Qiangmi. Grows in the valleys of Linzi and fields; fruits are harvested in May and dried in shade.
(Yinchen / Artemisiae Scopariae Herba) Bitter in flavor, neutral to slightly cold in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats wind-damp-cold-heat pathogenic factors, heat accumulation leading to jaundice, generalized yellowing of the body, difficult urination, clears head heat, and removes latent masses. Long-term consumption lightens the body, benefits qi, promotes longevity, yields a fair and radiant complexion, and is said to grant immortality even to white rabbits. Grows on Mount Tai and hillsides; harvested in May and at Start of Autumn, dried in shade.
(Baiwei / Cynanchi Atrati Radix) Bitter and salty in flavor, cold to very cold in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats skin heat, malignant sores, carbuncles, hemorrhoids, damp-bi syndrome, promotes lactation, stops enuresis, treats heat-induced sores and itching resembling mung beans, and can be used for bathing decoctions. Long-term consumption lightens the body, benefits qi, sharpens hearing and vision, prevents aging, and prolongs life. Also known as Yelan, it grows in the valleys of Qiaoshan; roots are harvested in August and dried in shade.
(Diyu / Sanguisorbae Radix) Bitter in flavor, cold in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats cold-damp wind-bi syndrome, jaundice, tonifies the middle, stops bleeding, treats internal collapse with lower bleeding, bladder insufficiency, traumatic injuries, and gu poison. Long-term consumption benefits essence and qi, lightens the body. It can be used to dye crimson. Also known as Dixue, Ru , Mao , and . Grows in the valleys of Qiaoshan; roots are harvested in February and March and sun-dried.