味苦，平，无毒。主骨节热，胫重酸疼，头眩项重，皮间邪风，如蜂螫针刺，鱼子细起，
热疮痈疽痔，湿痹，止风邪咳嗽，下乳汁。久服令人身轻，益气，明目不老，可煮可干。一
名漏芦，一名天荠，一名伏猪，一名飞轻，一名伏兔，一名飞雉，一名木禾。生河内川泽，
正月采根，七月八月采花，阴干。
味酸，温，微寒，无毒。主痈疽，恶疮结肉，跌筋败疮，热气，阴蚀不瘳，利关节。久
服轻身益气。根∶止泻痢腹痛，五脏客热，除邪逆气，疽痈诸恶疮，金疮伤挞，生肉复肌。
一名墙薇，一名墙麻，一名牛棘，一名牛勒，一名蔷蘼，一名山棘。生零陵川谷及蜀郡，八
月九月采，阴干。
味苦，平，微寒，无毒。主风湿痹，历节痛，惊痫吐舌，悸气，贼风鼠 ，痈肿，暴症。
逐水疗痿蹶。久服轻身明目。一名麋衔，一名承膏，一名承肌，一名无心，一名无颠。生汉
中川泽及冤句、邯郸，七月采茎叶，阴干。
味酸，温，无毒。主益气，咳逆上气，劳伤羸瘦，补不足，强阴，益男子精，养五脏，
除热，生阴中肌。一名会及，一名玄及。生齐山山谷及代郡。八月采实，阴干。
味甘，温，无毒。主益气，去面 黑，色媚好。其根∶味辛，主腹中寒热邪气，
久服，不饥轻身。一名筋根花，一名金沸，一名美草。生豫州平泽，五月采根，阴干。
(Taste) bitter, neutral, non-toxic. Primarily treats heat in bone joints, heaviness and sore pain in the shins, dizziness and neck stiffness, pathogenic wind in the skin resembling bee stings or needle pricks, with fine granular eruptions like fish roe, hot sores, carbuncles, hemorrhoids, damp bi syndrome, stops wind-pathogen cough, and promotes lactation. Long-term consumption makes the body light, benefits qi, brightens the eyes, prevents aging; can be boiled or dried. Also known as Loulu (Rhapontici Radix), Tianqi, Fuzhu, Feiqing, Fubu, Feizhi, Muhe. Grows in rivers and marshes of Henei; roots harvested in the first lunar month, flowers in the seventh and eighth months, dried in shade.
(Taste) sour, warm, slightly cold, non-toxic. Primarily treats carbuncles, malignant sores with fleshy growths, traumatic injuries causing tendon degeneration and ulcers, excess heat, chronic erosion of the genitalia, and unblocks joints. Long-term consumption lightens the body and benefits qi. Roots: stop dysentery and abdominal pain, clear latent heat in the five zang organs, eliminate rebellious qi, treat carbuncles and various malignant sores, metal wounds and beatings, promote tissue regeneration and muscle repair. Also known as Qiangwei, Qiangma, Niují, Niule, Qiangmi, Shanji. Grows in valleys of Lingling and Shu commandery; harvested in the eighth and ninth months, dried in shade.
(Taste) bitter, neutral, slightly cold, non-toxic. Primarily treats wind-damp bi syndrome, joint pain throughout the body, convulsions with tongue protrusion, palpitations, thief-wind and scrofula, swellings, and acute conditions. Drains water and treats flaccidity and paralysis. Long-term consumption lightens the body and brightens the eyes. Also known as Mixian, Chenggao, Chengji, Wuxin, Wudian. Grows in rivers and marshes of Hanzhong, Yuanju, and Handan; stems and leaves harvested in the seventh month, dried in shade.
(Taste) sour, warm, non-toxic. Primarily benefits qi, treats cough with upward rushing qi, emaciation due to overwork, tonifies deficiencies, strengthens yin, enriches male essence, nourishes the five zang organs, clears heat, and promotes muscle growth in the yin region. Also known as Huiji, Xuanji. Grows in mountain valleys of Qi and Dai commanderies. Fruits harvested in the eighth month, dried in shade.
(Taste) sweet, warm, non-toxic. Primarily benefits qi, removes facial dark spots, and enhances complexion beauty. Its roots: taste pungent, primarily treat cold and heat pathogenic factors in the abdomen. Long-term consumption prevents hunger and lightens the body. Also known as Jingenghua, Jinfei, Meicao. Grows in flat marshes of Yuzhou; roots harvested in the fifth month, dried in shade.