味酸，温，无毒。主字乳余疾，轻身益气。一名草王。叶如荏，方茎大叶。生园中，十
月采。
味酸，平，无毒。主益气，除热止渴，利小便，轻身长年。生深山谷及园中，茎如芥，
叶小，实如樱桃，七月成。
味甘，温，无毒。主轻身，益气明目。一名长寿。生山野道中，穗如麦，叶如艾，五月
采。
味辛。主明目，补中。
味苦。主恶疮、秃败疮、火气，杀三虫。一名虫损，一名孟推。生方山山谷。
味苦，平，无毒。主寒热，洗浴疥，恶疮。生山陵，根∶似紫葳；叶∶如燕卢，
味辛，温，无毒。主泻痢肠 ，疗心痛，破疝瘕。生深山谷中，叶如蓝，实赤。赤女肠
亦同。
味辛，平，无毒。主伏虫，白癣肿痛。生山谷，如藜芦，根白相连，九月采。
味苦，无毒。主肺咳上气，行五脏，令百病不起。一名玉箫，一名箭悍。叶如小竹，根
黄皮白，生山陵，三月四月采根，曝干。
味辛，有毒。主寒热。一名脱尾，一名羊草。生楚山，三月采根，白而香。
(Sang Jing Shi) Sour in taste, warm in nature, non-toxic. Mainly treats residual diseases after childbirth, lightens the body and benefits qi. Also known as Cao Wang (Grass King). Leaves resemble those of Perilla frutescens var. acuta, with square stems and large leaves. Grows in gardens, harvested in the tenth lunar month.
Sour in taste, flat in nature, non-toxic. Mainly benefits qi, clears heat, relieves thirst, promotes urination, lightens the body, and prolongs life. Grows in deep mountain valleys and gardens; stems resemble mustard greens, leaves are small, fruits resemble cherries, mature in the seventh lunar month.
Sweet in taste, warm in nature, non-toxic. Mainly lightens the body, benefits qi, and improves vision. Also known as Chang Shou (Longevity). Grows in mountains, wild areas, and along roads; spikes resemble wheat, leaves resemble Artemisia argyi, harvested in the fifth lunar month.
Sour in taste. Mainly treats throat obstruction (Hou Bi), stops diarrhea and dysentery. Harvested in the tenth lunar month, dried in shade.
Pungent in taste. Mainly improves vision, tonifies the middle jiao.
Treats cold and heat alternating due to Shang Han (Cold Damage), induces sweating, wind-stroke, facial swelling, Xiao Ke (Wasting-Thirst) with internal heat, and expels water retention. Grows in Lu Mountain plains and marshes.
Bitter in taste. Mainly treats malignant sores, alopecic sores, fire qi, and kills three types of parasites. Also known as Chong Sun (Insect Damage), also known as Meng Tui. Grows in Fang Mountain valleys.
Bitter in taste, flat in nature, non-toxic. Mainly treats cold and heat, scabies during bathing, and malignant sores. Grows on hills; roots resemble Catalpa ovata; leaves resemble Swallow's Tongue.
Pungent in taste, warm in nature, non-toxic. Mainly treats diarrhea and dysentery with intestinal pain, treats heart pain, and breaks up hernia and mass accumulations. Grows in deep mountain valleys; leaves resemble Indigofera tinctoria, fruits are red. Chi Nu Chang (Red Female Intestine) is similar.
Bitter in taste, cold in nature, non-toxic. Mainly treats malaria, skin cold and heat sensations, sweating, and causes transformation in the body.
Pungent in taste, flat in nature, non-toxic. Mainly treats hidden parasites, white tinea with swelling and pain. Grows in valleys, resembling Veratrum nigrum; roots are white and connected, harvested in the ninth lunar month.
Bitter in taste, non-toxic. Mainly treats lung cough with rebellious qi, regulates the five zang organs, and prevents various diseases from arising. Also known as Yu Xiao (Jade Flute), also known as Jian Han. Leaves resemble small bamboo; roots are yellow with white bark, grow on hills; roots harvested in the third and fourth lunar months, sun-dried.
Pungent in taste, toxic. Mainly treats cold and heat. Also known as Tuo Wei (Tail Shedding), also known as Yang Cao (Sheep Grass). Grows in Chu Mountains; roots harvested in the third lunar month, white and fragrant.
Sweet in taste, non-toxic. Mainly treats ingested parasites. Also known as Shui Chang, also known as Shui Su, also known as Jing Pu. Harvested in the tenth lunar month.
Sweet in taste, non-toxic. Mainly treats abdominal pain. Also known as Yang Yi, also known as Ling Ke. Grows on the shady side of mountains, flowers in the second lunar month.