味苦辛，微寒，无毒。主皮肤热，大腹，水气，四肢面目浮肿，丈夫阴气不足，
肠，明目轻身。一名漆茎，大戟苗也。生太山川泽，三月三日，七月七日采茎叶，阴干。
味苦甘，寒，大寒，有小毒。主蛊毒，十二水，腹满急痛，积聚，中风，皮肤疼痛，吐
逆，颈腋痈肿，头痛发汗，利大小肠。一名邛钜。生常山，十二月采根，阴干。
味苦辛，寒，微寒，有毒。主伤寒，温疟，下十二水，破积聚，大坚症瘕，荡涤
中留癖、饮食，寒热邪气，利水道，疗痰饮咳嗽。生咸阳川谷及河南中牟，六月采花，阴干
味咸甘，温，微温，冷利，有小毒。主结气胁下满，惊悸，除水，去脏间寒热，补中下
气，消胸上痰结，唾如胶漆，心胁痰水，膀胱留饮，风气湿痹，皮间死肉，目中眵 ，利大
肠，通血脉，益色泽。一名戴椹，一名金沸草，一名盛椹。其根∶主风湿。生平泽川谷，五
月采花，晒干，二十日成。
味辛，温，有大毒。主金疮乳 ，中恶风，咳逆上气，水肿，杀鬼疰蛊毒，破症积，除
脚膝痹痛，四肢拘挛，恶疮疥虫，杀鸟兽。一名野葛。折之青烟出者名固活，甚热，不入汤。
生傅高山谷及会稽东野。
味辛苦，寒，微寒，有毒。主蛊毒咳逆，泻痢肠 ，头疡疥瘙，恶疮。杀诸虫毒，去肌。
疗哕逆，喉痹不通，鼻中息肉，马刀烂疮。不入汤。一名葱苒，一名葱 ，一名山葱。生太
山山谷，三月采根，阴干。
(Ze Qi) Taste: bitter, pungent; Nature: slightly cold; Toxicity: non-toxic. Indications: skin heat, abdominal distension with edema, water qi disorder, edema of the four limbs and face, insufficient yin qi in men, intestinal accumulation, brightening the eyes, and lightening the body. Alias: Qi Jing (Stem of Euphorbia lathyris), which is the seedling of Dà Jǐ (Euphorbia pekinensis). Habitat: rivers and marshes of Mount Tai. Harvesting: stems and leaves collected on the third day of the third lunar month and the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, dried in shade.
(Li Lu) Taste: bitter, sweet; Nature: cold, greatly cold; Toxicity: slightly toxic. Indications: gu poison, twelve types of water disorders, abdominal fullness with acute pain, accumulations and masses, wind-stroke, skin pain, vomiting and regurgitation, carbuncles and swellings in the neck and axilla, headache (inducing sweating when applicable), and promoting urination and defecation. Alias: Qiong Ju. Habitat: Changshan. Harvesting: roots collected in the twelfth lunar month, dried in shade.
(Yuan Hua) Taste: bitter, pungent; Nature: cold, slightly cold; Toxicity: toxic. Indications: shang han (cold damage), wen nue (warm malaria), draining twelve types of water disorders, breaking up accumulations and masses, large and hard zheng jia (abdominal masses), purging retained pathogenic factors and food stagnation in the middle jiao, dispelling cold-heat pathogenic factors, promoting water passages, and treating phlegm-fluid retention cough. Habitat: river valleys of Xianyang and Zhongmu in Henan. Harvesting: flowers collected in the sixth lunar month, dried in shade.
(Xuan Fu Hua) Taste: salty, sweet; Nature: warm, slightly warm; Properties: cold and slippery; Toxicity: slightly toxic. Indications: qi constraint with hypochondriac fullness, palpitations, eliminating water, removing cold-heat from internal organs, tonifying the middle, descending adverse qi, resolving phlegm-thickening in the chest, sputum sticky like glue or lacquer, phlegm-water in the heart and hypochondrium, retained fluid in the bladder, wind-damp bi syndrome, dead flesh in the skin, eye discharge (chi), promoting large intestine function, unblocking blood vessels, and enhancing complexion. Aliases: Dai Shen, Jin Fei Cao, Sheng Shen. Root indications: wind-damp. Habitat: plains, marshes, and river valleys. Harvesting: flowers collected in the fifth lunar month, sun-dried, processed over twenty days.
(Wu Tou) Taste: pungent; Nature: warm; Toxicity: highly toxic. Indications: metal wounds, breast abscesses, sudden onset of evil wind, coughing and reverse flow of qi, edema, killing gui zhu gu poisons, breaking up masses, relieving bi pain in feet and knees, limb spasms, malignant sores and scabies parasites, and killing birds and beasts. Alias: Ye Ge. Those that emit blue smoke when broken are named Gu Huo, possessing extreme heat properties, and are not used for decoction. Habitat: Fugao mountain valleys and Dongye in Kuaiji.
(Shu Qi) Taste: pungent, bitter; Nature: cold, slightly cold; Toxicity: toxic. Indications: gu poison with cough and reverse flow of qi, dysentery, intestinal accumulation, head ulcers and scabies, malignant sores. Killing various insect toxins, removing pathogens from muscles. Treating hiccups, throat obstruction (hou bi), nasal polyps, and malignant ulcers resembling machete cuts (ma dao lan chuang). Not used for decoction. Aliases: Cong Ran, Cong, Shan Cong. Habitat: mountain valleys of Mount Tai. Harvesting: roots collected in the third lunar month, dried in shade.