味辛，寒，无毒。主心腹痛，痈肿溃脓，止痛，决刺结。疗丈夫虚损阴痿，精自出。补
肾气，益精髓。一名棘针，一名棘刺。生雍州川谷。
味苦平，无毒。主金疮内漏，冬至后百二十日采之。实∶主明目，心腹痿痹，除热利小
便，生道旁，四月采。一名菥 ，一名马朐，一名刺原。又有枣针，疗腰痛，喉痹不通。
味辛苦，平，无毒。主心腹恶气，鬼疰。出西戎，似松脂，黄黑色为块，新者
味辛苦，微寒。一云温，平，无毒。主心腹邪气，风湿积聚，耳聋明目，去目赤肤翳。
出婆律国，形似白松脂，作杉木气，明净者善；久经风日，或如雀屎者，不佳。云合糯（一
作粳）米炭、相思子贮之，则不耗。膏∶主耳聋。
味苦甘，寒，无毒。主风虚热气。一名余甘。生岭南交、广、爱等州。
味苦，寒，无毒。功用与 摩勒同，出西域及岭南交、爱等州，戎人谓之三果
四十五味
味苦，平，有毒。主鬼毒鬼疰鬼魅，邪气在脏中，除咳逆寒热。一名凌泉，一名大就。
生蜀郡山谷，三月采根，阴干。
味辛苦，平，有毒。主养肾气，内伤阴衰，利筋骨皮毛，疗脚弱，五脏邪气，除热。女
子不可久服，令思男，实∶杀蛊毒，破积聚，逐风痹。一名鬼目。生华阴山谷，二月四月采
叶，八叶采实，阴干。
味辛，温，生温；熟寒，有大毒。主伤寒温疟寒热，破症瘕结聚，坚积，留饮痰癖，大
腹水胀，荡涤五脏六腑，开通闭塞，利水谷道，去恶肉，除鬼毒蛊疰邪物，杀虫鱼。疗女子
月闭烂胎，金疮脓血。不利丈夫阴。杀斑蝥毒。可炼饵之，益血脉，令人色好，变化，与鬼
神通。一名巴椒。生巴郡川谷，八月采，阴干。用之去心皮。
[Spina Acaciae / Baiji]
Pungent in flavor, cold in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats heart and abdominal pain, carbuncles and swellings with suppuration, relieves pain, and resolves stagnation and knotting in the collaterals. Treats deficiency and damage in men leading to impotence and spontaneous seminal emission. Tonifies Kidney Qi and enriches essence and marrow. Also known as Jizhen (Thorn Needle) or Ciji (Thorn Spicule). Grows in river valleys of Yongzhou.
[Terminalia chebula / Mole]
Bitter and neutral in flavor, non-toxic. Primarily treats internal leakage from metal weapon injuries; harvested within 120 days after the Winter Solstice. The fruit: primarily improves vision, treats flaccidity and obstruction in the heart and abdomen, clears heat and promotes urination; grows by roadsides, harvested in April. Also known as Xibi, Maqu, or Ci Yuan. There is also Zaoren (Jujube Thorn), which treats lower back pain and obstruction in the throat (Hou Bi).
[Ferula / Wei]
Pungent and bitter in flavor, neutral in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats evil qi in the heart and abdomen, and Gui Zhu (a contagious wasting disease). Originates from the Western Regions (Xirong); resembles pine resin, appearing as yellow-black lumps; fresh ones are preferred.
[Olibanum / Ruxiang]
Pungent and bitter in flavor, slightly cold in nature. Some say it is warm and neutral, non-toxic. Primarily treats pathogenic factors in the heart and abdomen, rheumatic accumulation, deafness, improves vision, removes redness of the eyes and corneal opacity. Originates from Bolu Country; resembles white pine resin, has the odor of fir wood; bright and clean quality is good; those exposed to wind and sun for a long time, or resembling sparrow droppings, are of poor quality. It is said that storing it together with Carbonized Glutinous Rice (Nuomi Tan) or Cassia Seeds (Xiangsi Zi) prevents loss. Resin paste: primarily treats deafness.
[Phyllanthus emblica / Yugan]
Bitter and sweet in flavor, cold in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats wind-deficiency and hot qi. Also known as Yugan. Grows in Liangnan regions such as Jiaozhou, Guangzhou, and Aizhou.
[Terminalia chebula / Helile]
Bitter in flavor, cold in nature, non-toxic. Its functions are the same as Mole. Originates from the Western Regions and Liangnan regions like Jiaozhou and Aizhou; referred to as one of the "Three Fruits" by local people.
[Above total forty-five herbs]
[Radix Euphorbiae Lathyridis / Langdu]
Bitter in flavor, neutral in nature, toxic. Primarily treats ghost toxins, Gui Zhu, and demonic influences; eliminates coughing with reversal of qi and alternating chills and fever caused by pathogenic factors in the zang organs. Also known as Lingquan or Da Jiu. Grows in mountain valleys of Shujun; roots are harvested in March and dried in the shade.
[Caulis Millettiae Speciosae / Leigongteng]
Pungent and bitter in flavor, neutral in nature, toxic. Primarily nourishes Kidney Qi, treats internal injury leading to decline of Yin, strengthens sinews, bones, skin, and hair, treats weakness of the legs, expels pathogenic factors from the five zang organs, and clears heat. Women should not take it for a long time, as it may cause longing for men. The fruit: kills gu poison, breaks up accumulations, drives out wind-bi. Also known as Guimu. Grows in mountain valleys of Huayin; leaves are harvested in February and April, fruits are harvested when there are eight leaves, and dried in the shade.
[Fructus Crotonis Tiglii / Badou]
Pungent in flavor, warm in raw state, cold in cooked state, highly toxic. Primarily treats chills and fever caused by Shanghan (Cold Damage) and Wen Nue (Warm Malaria), breaks up zheng jia (masses) and aggregations, hard accumulations, retained fluids, phlegm-stasis, massive abdominal distension with fluid retention. Purges the five zang and six fu organs, opens blockages, promotes the passage of water and grain, removes foul flesh, eliminates ghost toxins, gu poison, Gui Zhu, and other evil substances, kills parasites and fish. Treats amenorrhea and fetal decay in women, and pus and blood from metal weapon injuries. It is detrimental to male sexual function. Kills Blister Beetle (Banmao) toxin. Can be refined and taken as food/medicine to benefit blood vessels, improve complexion, induce physical changes, and is said to facilitate communication with spirits. Also known as Bajiao. Grows in river valleys of Ba Commandery; harvested in August and dried in the shade. When used, remove the core and peel.