主伤寒头疼。
平，温。主溺血，解藜芦毒。
味辛苦，温，无毒。主金疮疮败，轻身不饥，耐老。归于骨，莱芝也。除寒热，去水气，
温中，散结，利病患。诸疮，中风寒水肿以涂之。生鲁山平泽。
味辛，微酸，温，无毒。归于心，安五脏，除胃中热。利病患，可久食。子∶主梦泄精，
溺白。根∶主养发。
味甘苦，大寒。主时行壮热，解风热毒。
味辛，温。主下气。除寒中。其子尤良。
味辛，微温。主下气杀谷，除饮食，辟口臭，去毒，辟恶气。久服通神明，轻身耐老。
主吐血、衄血、血崩。一名鸡苏，一名劳祖，一名芥 ，一名芥苴。生九真池泽，七月采。
假苏∶味辛，温，无毒。主寒热鼠 ，瘰 生疮，破结聚气，下瘀血，除湿痹。一名鼠 ，
一名姜芥。生汉中川泽。
味辛苦，温，无毒。主贼风，伤寒发汗，恶气，心腹胀满，霍乱，宿食不消，下气。煮
汁服，亦堪生食。人家种之，饮汁发汗，大解劳乏。
味辛，温，无毒。主心腹冷胀，下气消食，人所啖者，生下湿地，所在有之。
味苦，寒，有毒。主大水，面目四肢浮肿，下水，令人吐。生晋地川泽。
Mainly treats headache caused by Shanghan (Cold Damage).
Nature: neutral, warm. Mainly treats hematuria (blood in urine), and resolves the toxicity of Veratrum nigrum (Lilu, 藜芦).
Taste: pungent and bitter; Nature: warm; Non-toxic. Mainly treats non-healing ulcers from metallic injuries (Jinchuang, 金疮), makes the body light, prevents hunger, and promotes longevity. The medicinal qi enters the bones, akin to Ganoderma lucidum (Lingzhi, 灵芝). It eliminates cold and heat, removes fluid retention, warms the middle jiao, dissipates nodules, and benefits patients. For various sores and edema due to wind-cold, apply externally. Grows in the plains and marshes of Lushan.
Taste: pungent, slightly sour; Nature: warm; Non-toxic. Enters the Heart meridian, calms the five zang organs, and clears stomach heat. Benefits patients and can be consumed for a long time. Seeds: mainly treat nocturnal emission with semen and white turbidity in urine. Roots: mainly nourish hair.
Nature: slightly warm. Mainly treats Gu poisoning (Gu syndrome) and malaria.
Taste: sweet and bitter; Nature: very cold. Mainly treats severe fever during epidemic diseases (Shixing Zhuangre, 时行壮热), and resolves wind-heat toxins.
Taste: pungent; Nature: warm. Mainly directs qi downward. Clears cold in the middle jiao. Its seeds are particularly effective.
Taste: pungent, slightly warm. Mainly directs qi downward and aids digestion, removes food stagnation, eliminates bad breath, detoxifies, and repels foul odors. Long-term consumption clarifies the mind, lightens the body, and promotes longevity. Mainly treats hematemesis (vomiting blood), epistaxis (nosebleed), and metrorrhagia (uterine bleeding). Also known as Jisu (Chicken Su), Laozu, Jie , and Jieju. Grows in the pools and marshes of Jiuzhen, harvested in July. Jiasu (False Perilla): Taste: pungent; Nature: warm; Non-toxic. Mainly treats chills and fever associated with scrofula (Shulou, 鼠瘘), lymphatic tuberculosis (Luoli, 瘰疬) with sores, breaks up qi stagnation and masses, expels stasis, and dispels damp-bi. Also known as Shu and Jiangjie. Grows in the rivers and marshes of Hanzhong.
Taste: pungent, slightly warm. Mainly treats abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea due to Huoluan (Cholera-like syndrome), and disperses edema.
Taste: pungent and bitter; Nature: warm; Non-toxic. Mainly treats Zefeng (Devil Wind/Exogenous pathogenic factors), induces sweating in Shanghan, eliminates foul qi, relieves chest and abdominal fullness, treats Huoluan, aids undigested food, and directs qi downward. Decocted juice can be taken orally, or it can be eaten raw. Cultivated by households, drinking its juice induces sweating and greatly relieves fatigue.
Taste: pungent; Nature: warm; Non-toxic. Mainly treats cold distension in the heart and abdomen, directs qi downward, and aids digestion. The part consumed by people grows in wetlands and is found everywhere.
Taste: bitter; Nature: cold; Toxic. Mainly treats severe water swelling (Dashui, 大水), edema of the face, eyes, and limbs, promotes urination, and may induce vomiting. Grows in the rivers and marshes of Jin region.
Taste: sweet; Nature: neutral; Non-toxic. Mainly treats leukorrhea with blood (Chiwo, 赤沃) in women, stops bleeding, nourishes essence, protects blood vessels, tonifies qi, makes the body robust and strong, and increases appetite. Also known as Shuiying. Grows in the pools and marshes of Nanhai.