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(Shuge) The flavor is sweet, the nature is neutral, and it is non-toxic. It primarily treats chills and fever, flaccidity and bi-syndrome (painful obstruction), leukorrhea in women, and carbuncles and swellings. It grows in sunny mountain areas; its shape resembles mushrooms but has thorns.

(Another variety) Primarily treats flaccid sinews, relieving pain.

(Shujiao/Sichuan Pepper) The flavor is salty, the nature is neutral, and it is non-toxic. It primarily treats bi-syndrome (painful obstruction), heat in the middle jiao, and traumatic fractures from falls. It grows in valleys on the shady side of mountains, climbing as a vine on creeping herbs; the stem has thorns, and the fruit resembles...

(Wuliao/Polygonum multiflorum var.) The flavor is bitter, and it is toxic. It primarily treats scrofula (tuberculous lymphadenitis). Also known as Bailian, Wuliao, Shujing, and Lupu. It produces over a hundred roots; the root wraps around the stem. The roots are harvested on the third day of the third lunar month.

(Jingbian) The flavor is sweet, the nature is neutral, and it is non-toxic. It primarily treats abdominal hernia, zheng-jia masses (abdominal lumps), mouth ulcers, and umbilical injuries. Also known as Jingbian.

(Kui/Zhuma) It primarily treats toothache, relieves thirst, and lightens the body. It grows in shady mountain areas; the stem creeps and spreads, being as large as okra, with smooth, small seeds.

(A certain herb) The flavor is bitter, the nature is cold, and it is non-toxic. It primarily treats tinea (ringworm), various chronic sores that do not heal, removes necrotic tissue, clears intense heat, and is used for decoction washing. Harvested in August; its shape resembles...

(Qiye/Lacquer Tree Leaf) The flavor is bitter. It primarily treats body itching, sores, bald tinea capitis (white秃疮), and lacquer dermatitis; applied by washing. Grows in Fangling.

(Jiezai/Mustard Seed Plant) The flavor is sweet, the nature is neutral, and it is non-toxic. It primarily treats xiaoke (wasting-thirst syndrome/diabetes), shortness of breath, and enhances cold tolerance. Grows in household gardens; it has thick branches with long hairs, many leaves arranged oppositely in pairs, and seeds resembling mustard seeds.

(Junju/Yancao) The flavor is sour, and it is non-toxic. It primarily tonifies qi and induces sweating. Also known as Junju, Yanc grass, Daozhi, and Zisi. Grows in Pingling; it resembles orchids, with dark, dense leaves and white stems wrapped in foliage; the fruit is also black. Roots are harvested in September.

(Wangcao) The flavor is bitter. It primarily treats pathogenic heat causing body fever, especially pediatric febrile diseases; used for bathing. Grows in mountain valleys. Also known as Wangcao.

(Leizhong) The flavor is sour, the nature is warm, and it is non-toxic. It primarily treats flaccidity and bi-syndrome (painful obstruction). Also known as Leizhong. Grows in high ground in fields; the leaves resemble Tianmingjing (Physalis alkekengi), with beautiful roots. Harvested in May.

(Guibar) The flavor is sweet, and it is non-toxic. It primarily treats carbuncles, swellings, and malignant sores; used for decoction washing. Also known as Chenyao, Chengu, and Guibar. Grows in plains and marshes.

(Baihe/Lily Bulb) Kills rats, tonifies qi, and brightens the eyes. Also known as Baihe. The fruits are plump, growing among grain crops; the stem is yellow, and the fruits turn black in July, resembling soybeans in size.

(Yujing) It primarily treats cough with rebellious qi, tonifies lung qi, and calms the five zang organs. Also known as Yuxun and Yujing. Harvested in March and dried in the shade.

(Mangcao Ash) The flavor is sweet, and it is toxic. It primarily treats epigastric and abdominal pain, and deficiency in the "refining middle" (spleen/stomach weakness). The leaves resemble Miscanthus grass; it grows in winter and is burned to ash for use.