积聚 瘕杂虫者。皆五脏六腑真气失。而邪气并遂乃生焉。久之不除也。或积。或聚。或 。或瘕。或变为虫。
其状各异。有能害人者。有不能害人者。有为病缓者。有为病速者。有疼者。有痒者。有生头足者。有如杯块
者。势类不同。盖因内外相感。真邪相犯。气血熏抟。交合而成也。积者系于脏也。聚者系于腑也。 者系于
气也。瘕者系于血也。虫者乃血气食物相感而化也。故积有五。聚有六。 有十二。瘕有八。虫有九。其名各
不同也。积有心肝脾肺肾也。聚有大肠。小肠。胆。胃。膀胱。三焦。之六名也。 有劳、气、冷、热、虚、实、风、
湿、食、药、思、忧之十二名也。瘕有青黄、燥、血、脂、狐、蛇、鳖之八名也。虫有伏、蛇、白、肉、肺、胃、赤、
弱、蛲、之九名也。为病之说出于诸论。治疗之法皆具于后。
劳者。劳于神气也。伤者。伤于形容也。饥饱无度则伤脾。思虑过度则伤心。色欲过度则伤肾。起居过常则
伤肝。喜怒悲愁过度则伤肺。又风寒暑湿则伤于外。饥饱劳役则败于内。昼感之则病荣。夜感之则病卫。
荣卫经行。内外交运。而各从其昼夜也。劳于一。一起为二。二传于三。三通于四。四干于五。五复犯一。一至
于五。邪乃深藏。真气自失。使人肌肉消。神气弱。饮食减。行步艰难。及其如此。虽司命亦不能生也。故调神
气论曰。调神气。慎酒色。节起居。省思虑。薄滋味者。长生之大端也。诊其脉甚数。（一作。数甚。余下仿此。）甚急。
甚细。甚弱。甚微。甚涩。甚滑。甚短。甚长。甚浮。甚沉。甚紧。甚弦。甚洪。甚实。皆生于劳伤。
Accumulation (Ji), Mass (Jia), and miscellaneous worm diseases all arise from the loss of true qi in the five zang organs and six fu organs, allowing pathogenic qi to combine and gradually form. If not treated for a long time, they may manifest as accumulation (Ji), gathering (Ju), persistent disease (Zhu), mass (Jia), or transformation into worms.
Their manifestations vary: some are harmful, others are not; some develop slowly, others rapidly; some cause pain, others itching; some resemble creatures with heads and feet, others resemble cup-shaped lumps. Their patterns differ, generally caused by the mutual interaction of internal and external factors, the conflict between true qi and pathogenic qi, the steaming and condensation of qi and blood, and their intermingling. Accumulation (Ji) is associated with the zang organs; gathering (Ju) is associated with the fu organs; persistent disease (Zhu) is associated with qi; mass (Jia) is associated with blood; and worms arise from the interaction of blood, qi, and food. Thus, there are five types of Ji, six types of Ju, twelve types of Zhu, eight types of Jia, and nine types of worms, each with distinct names.
The five types of Ji involve the heart, liver, spleen, lungs, and kidneys. The six types of Ju involve the large intestine, small intestine, gallbladder, stomach, bladder, and sanjiao (Triple Burner). The twelve types of Zhu include labor, qi, cold, heat, deficiency, excess, wind, dampness, food, medicine, thought, and worry. The eight types of Jia include green, yellow, dry, blood, fat, fox, snake, and turtle. The nine types of worms include hidden, snake, white, meat, lung, stomach, red, weak, and pinworm. The descriptions of these diseases are found in various treatises, and treatment methods are detailed below.
"Labor" refers to the overexertion of spirit and qi; "injury" refers to damage to the physical form. Indiscriminate eating and drinking injures the spleen; excessive thinking injures the heart; excessive sexual activity injures the kidneys; irregular daily routines injure the liver; and excessive emotions such as anger, joy, sorrow, and anxiety injure the lungs. Furthermore, wind, cold, summer-heat, and dampness invade from the exterior, while improper diet and overwork damage from within. Contracting pathogens during the day affects ying (nutritive) qi; contracting them at night affects wei (defensive) qi. Ying and wei qi circulate through the meridians, interacting internally and externally, following the rhythms of day and night.
Labor begins in one organ, spreads to two, then three, then four, then five, and finally circles back to affect the first. From one to five, the cycle repeats, causing pathogenic qi to hide deeply and true qi to be lost. This leads to emaciation, weakness of spirit and qi, reduced appetite, and difficulty walking. When the condition reaches this stage, even Si Ming (the deity of life and death) cannot save the patient. Therefore, the *Treatise on Regulating Spirit and Qi* states: regulating spirit and qi, being cautious with alcohol and sex, moderating daily routines, reducing mental exertion, and eating bland food are the major principles of longevity.
In pulse diagnosis, if the pulse is extremely rapid, urgent, thin, weak, minute, choppy, slippery, short, long, floating, deep, tight, wiry, flooding, or full, these are all generated by labor and injury.