人中百病。难疗者莫过于水也水者肾之制也。肾者人之本也。肾气壮则水还于海。肾气虚则水散于皮。
又三焦壅塞荣卫闭格。血气不从。虚实交变。水随气流。故为水病。有肿于头目者。有肿于腰脚者。有肿于
四肢者。有肿于双目者。有因嗽而发者。有因劳而生者。有因凝滞而起者。有因虚乏而成者。有因五脏而
出者。有因六腑而来者。类目多种而状各不同。所以难治者。由此百状。人难晓达。纵晓其端。则又苦人以
娇恣不循理法。触冒禁忌。弗能备矣。故人中水疾。死者多矣。水有十名具于篇末。一曰青水。二曰赤水。三
曰黄水。四曰白水。五曰黑水。六曰玄水。七曰风水。八曰石水。九曰里水。十曰气水。青水者。其根起于肝。其
状先从而肿而渐行一身也。赤水者。其根起于心。其状先从胸肿起也。黄水者。其根起于脾。其状先从腹
肿也。白水者。其根起于肺。其状先从脚肿而上气喘嗽也。黑水者。其根起于肾。其状先从足跗肿。玄水者。
其根起于胆。其状先从头面起肿而至足者。是也。风水者。其根起于胃。其状先从四肢起。腹满大而通身
肿也。石水者。其根在膀胱。其状起脐下而腹独大。是也。里水者。其根在小肠。其状先从小腹。胀而不肿。渐
渐而肿也（又注云。一作小腹胀而暴肿也。）气水者。其根在大肠。其状乍来乍去。乍盛乍衰者。是也。此良由上下不通。
关窍不利。气血痞格。阴阳不调。而致之也。其脉洪大者可治。微细者不可治也。又消渴之疾久不愈。令人患水
气。其水临时发散。归于五脏六腑。则生为病也。消渴者。因冒风冲热。饥饱失节。饮酒过量。嗜欲伤频。或饵
金石。久而积成。使之然也。
Among all diseases, none is more difficult to treat than edema (Water Disease). Water is controlled by the Kidney. The Kidney is the root of human life. When Kidney Qi is strong, water returns to the Sea (referring to normal Qi transformation and fluid metabolism in the Kidney and Bladder); when Kidney Qi is deficient, water scatters into the skin.
Furthermore, when the Triple Burner is obstructed, Ying and Wei (Defensive and Nutritive Qi) are blocked and separated, blood and Qi do not flow smoothly, deficiency and excess transform into each other, and water follows the flow of Qi, thus forming water disease. There are cases where swelling occurs in the head and eyes, cases where swelling occurs in the waist and feet, cases where swelling occurs in the four limbs, and cases where swelling occurs in both eyes. Some arise due to coughing, some due to labor/fatigue, some due to stagnation, and some due to deficiency and exhaustion. Some originate from the Zang organs, and some from the Fu organs. The categories are numerous, and the manifestations vary. The reason it is difficult to treat is that there are hundreds of symptoms, which are hard for people to understand comprehensively. Even if one understands the beginning, patients often suffer from being pampered and willful, failing to follow principles and laws, and violating taboos, making prevention impossible. Therefore, many people die from water diseases. There are ten names for water diseases, detailed at the end of the chapter: 1. Qing Shui (Green Water), 2. Chi Shui (Red Water), 3. Huang Shui (Yellow Water), 4. Bai Shui (White Water), 5. Hei Shui (Black Water), 6. Xuan Shui (Dark Water), 7. Feng Shui (Wind Water), 8. Shi Shui (Stone Water), 9. Li Shui (Interior Water), 10. Qi Shui (Qi Water).
Qing Shui (Green Water): Its root originates in the Liver. Its manifestation begins with swelling around the eyes and gradually spreads over the whole body.
Chi Shui (Red Water): Its root originates in the Heart. Its manifestation begins with swelling in the chest.
Huang Shui (Yellow Water): Its root originates in the Spleen. Its manifestation begins with swelling in the abdomen.
Bai Shui (White Water): Its root originates in the Lung. Its manifestation begins with swelling in the feet, accompanied by panting and coughing.
Hei Shui (Black Water): Its root originates in the Kidney. Its manifestation begins with swelling on the dorsum of the foot.
Xuan Shui (Dark Water): Its root originates in the Gallbladder. Its manifestation begins with swelling in the head and face, extending down to the feet.
Feng Shui (Wind Water): Its root originates in the Stomach. Its manifestation begins with the four limbs, followed by abdominal distension and full-body swelling.
Shi Shui (Stone Water): Its root lies in the Bladder. Its manifestation begins below the umbilicus, with only the abdomen becoming particularly enlarged.
Li Shui (Interior Water): Its root lies in the Small Intestine. Its manifestation begins with distension in the lower abdomen without initial swelling, which gradually progresses to swelling (Another note says: alternatively, small abdominal distension with sudden swelling).
Qi Shui (Qi Water): Its root lies in the Large Intestine. Its manifestation comes and goes, waxing and waning. This is primarily due to the lack of communication between the upper and lower parts, obstruction of the orifices, stagnation and blockage of blood and Qi, and disharmony of Yin and Yang. A洪大 (Hong Da / Surging) pulse indicates a treatable condition, while a微细 (Wei Xi / Fine and Thready) pulse indicates an untreatable condition.
Additionally, Xiao Ke (Wasting and Thirsting Syndrome) that persists for a long time can lead to Shui Qi (Water Qi/Edema). The water qi disperses temporarily and settles in the Zang and Fu organs, causing various diseases. Xiao Ke (Wasting and Thirsting Syndrome) arises from exposure to wind and heat, irregular eating habits, excessive alcohol consumption, frequent sexual activity damaging the essence, or long-term ingestion of mineral drugs (Jin Shi), which accumulate over time to cause this condition.