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Those that are visible in form, hard, and fixed without movement are called "Ji" (accumulation). Those that are invisible in form and stay in uncertain locations are called "Ju" (gathering). "Ji" is located in the Zang organs (solid organs), belongs to Yin, and the disease pertains to the Blood aspect. "Ju" is located in the Fu organs (hollow organs), belongs to Yang, and the disease pertains to the Qi aspect. The *Nan Jing* (Classic of Difficult Issues) has already assigned Ji and Ju to specific Zang and Fu organs. The *Chao Shi Bing Yuan* (General Treatise on the Causes and Manifestations of Diseases by Chao Yuanfang) separately established the disease names "Zheng" (mass) and "Jia" (mobility), where immobile masses are called "Zheng" and mobile ones are called "Jia". This is consistent with the theory of Ji and Ju in the *Nan Jing*. However, the invisible Jia and Ju are easy to dissipate, while the visible Zheng and Ji are difficult to break down. In treatment, by distinguishing between visible and invisible forms, and whether the pathology lies in Qi or Blood, one can grasp the general principles.

Divide Yin and Yang (200 repetitions), push San Guan (Three Gates) (100 repetitions), retreat Liu Fu (Six Bowels) (100 repetitions), push and tonify Pi Tu (Spleen Earth) (200 repetitions), pinch Si Heng Wen (Four Transverse Creases) (30 repetitions), move Ba Gua (Eight Trigrams) (80 repetitions), pinch Da Chang (Large Intestine) (24 repetitions), rub Ban Men (Ban Gate) (80 repetitions), push and tonify Shen Shui (Kidney Water) (100 repetitions), Tian Men Ru Hu Kou (Heaven's Gate Entering Tiger's Mouth) (100 repetitions), pinch Xiao Heng Wen (Small Transverse Crease) (20 repetitions). If accompanied by fever and abdominal pain, add Shui Di Lao Ming Yue (Fishing for the Bright Moon at the Bottom of the Water) (50 repetitions); if constipated, add pushing Liu Fu (100 repetitions), pinching Xiao Heng Wen (24 repetitions), rubbing and pinching Shen Shui (each 50 repetitions). If there is abdominal pain with diarrhea, add rubbing and pinching Yi Wo Feng (One Nest Wind) (36 repetitions), rubbing the umbilicus and Gui Wei (Turtle Tail) (each 100 repetitions). Whenever using tuina techniques, use water infused with green onion, ginger, and pepper, and combine with moxibustion. (See Volume 2, page 26.)

According to the *Nan Jing*: The accumulation of the Lung is under the right hypochondrium, named Xi Ben (Breathful Surging); the accumulation of the Liver is under the left hypochondrium, named Fei Qi (Fat Qi); the accumulation of the Heart is above the umbilicus, extending up to below the heart, named Fu Liang (Hidden Beam); the accumulation of the Spleen is in the epigastrium, named Pi Qi (Stagnant Qi); the accumulation of the Kidney originates in the lower abdomen, extending up to the heart, occurring at irregular times, named Ben Tun (Running Piglet). Those appearing below the umbilicus are called Zheng Jia. "Zheng" refers to masses that do not move upon pressure, further divided into blood-type and food-type Zheng. "Jia" takes shape from temporary entities, such as Xue Die (Blood Turtle) or Shi Xia (Stone Jia). Those appearing in the chest and hypochondrium are called Pi Pi. "Pi" refers to palpable masses visible in the muscle layer. "Pi" (from the second character here referring to hidden accumulation) attaches internally, forming concealed knots that are hard to locate. Since the locations are distinguished, one must trace their origins. Initially, they arise from external contraction of wind-cold, internal injury from emotional qi stagnation or blood stasis, food retention, and phlegm-dampness stagnation, which coagulate in the Huang Mo (blind membrane/fascial spaces). Over time, they become entrenched and firm, causing the Yuan Qi (Original Qi) to decline daily, making it difficult to employ both attacking and tonifying methods. If one relies solely on massage therapies, it is feared that efficacy will be poor. The value lies in regulating Qi; when Qi moves, the meridians and collaterals become unobstructed. It is especially important to harmonize the Middle Jiao; when the Spleen transforms and transports, accumulations and stagnations dissolve. Medicinals should be pungent, dispersing, and warm-unblocking to enter Yin and emerge from Yang, dissolving coagulation. Li Shicai authored the Yin Yang Gong Ji Wan (Yin-Yang Attacking Accumulation Pill). However, amidst searching and purging, one must酌情 (discretionarily) tonify the Original Qi, ensuring the Spleen and Stomach Qi are robust so that hard accumulations can be metabolized. Nevertheless, stubborn and hard accumulations often reside in the Mu Yuan (originating source/fascial planes) outside the intestines and stomach, where medicinal power cannot reach suddenly. It is appropriate to use thin plasters to attack externally, acupuncture to attack internally, and moxibustion to dissipate solidified knots, supplementing what other methods cannot achieve. (Ti Li Zi)