适远方，日进一合不饥。取汁炊饭名乌饭。
合欢（即夜合相。）味甘、气平。无毒。（采皮及叶用，不拘时。）主安五脏，利心志，令
人欢乐无忧，补阴有捷功。久服轻身明目，得所欲。又皮煎膏，消痈肿，续筋骨。叶可洗衣垢。
益智子 味辛，气温。无毒。入手足太阴经、足少阴经。主君相二火，（去皮用。）主遗精
虚漏，小便遗沥。益气
安神，补不足。安三焦，调诸气。治脾胃中受寒邪，止呕哕，摄涎唾，当于补中药内兼用之。
夜多小便者，取二十四枚，打碎入盐同煎服，有奇验。
榆皮 味甘、气平。性滑利，无毒。（二月采皮，取白晒干。八月采实煎，勿令中湿，
湿则伤人。）主大小便不利，通水道，除邪气，消肿毒。除诸疮，滑胎。久服轻身不饥，又
令人多睡。实尤良，味微辛，能助肺气，杀诸虫，消心腹间恶气，卒心痛。疗小儿头疮痂 ，又
涂疮癣妙。花主小儿痫，小便不利，伤热。小儿白秃疮，（捣皮末酷和，涂之虫自出。）妊娠
滑胎易产，（焙捣末，临月日三服方寸匕，令产极易。）
干漆 味辛、咸，气温。有毒。（半夏为之使。畏鸡子，又忌油脂。又畏蟹，见蟹则
不干。入药捣碎炒用。）主绝伤，补中，续筋骨，填髓脑。安五脏，五缓六急，风寒湿痹。消
瘀血痞结腰疼，女子疝瘕 ，经脉不通。削年深积。治血气心痛。去蛔，杀三虫。生漆去长虫。
久服轻身耐老。
蔓荆实 味苦、辛、甘，气微寒、温。阳中之阴。无毒。太阳经药。（恶乌头、石膏。）
主筋骨间寒热湿痹拘挛，明目坚齿，利九窍，去白虫。久服轻身耐老。主风头痛脑鸣，目泪出。
治太阳头痛、头昏闷，散风邪，除目睛内痛。
牡荆实 味苦，气温。无毒。（防风为之使，恶石膏。阴干。）主除骨间寒热，通利胃
气，止咳逆上气。取茎截于火上烧，承取沥饮之，去心闷烦热，头风旋，目眩。心头洋洋欲吐，
卒失音。小儿心热惊痫，止消渴，除痰唾。气实痰盛人宜服之。丹溪云∶虚痰用竹沥，实痰用
荆沥，二味开经络行血气，俱用姜汁助送。
辛荑 味辛，气温。无毒。（芎 为之使。恶五石脂。畏菖蒲、蒲黄、黄连、石膏。采实晒
干。用之去心及外毛，毛射入肺咳。）主五脏身体寒热，风头脑痛面肝，温中解肌，利九窍，
通鼻塞涕出。治面肿引齿痛，眩冒。生须发，去白虫。久服下气，轻身明目延年。
木兰 味苦，气寒。无毒。（腊月采皮阴干。）主身大热在皮肤中，去面热赤 酒 。恶
风热疾，阴下湿痒，聪明耳目。
蕤核 味甘，气温。（采实去核壳，取仁阴干。）主心腹邪结气。明目，目赤痛伤泪出，
目肿 烂，眼风痒。
钩藤 味甘、苦，气微寒。无毒。（三月采。）主小儿寒热，十二惊痫，客忤胎风，
惟疗小儿。
秦皮 味苦，气寒。无毒。（大戟为之使。恶吴茱萸。阴干。）主风寒湿痹，洒
洒寒气。除热，目中青翳白膜，肝中久热，两目赤肿疼痛，风泪不止。疗男子少精，妇人带下，
小儿痫，身热，作汤浴瘥。水煎澄清，点洗赤眼，极效。久服头不白，轻身。
密蒙花 味甘，气平，微寒。无毒。（凡用酒浸一宿候干，却采蜜合调蒸之，日干。）主
青盲卢翳，赤涩多眵泪，消目中赤脉，小儿麸痘及疳气攻眼。
乐华 味苦，气寒。无毒。（决明为之使。五月采花。）主目痛泪出伤 ，消目肿。南
人取以合黄连作煎，疗目赤烂甚效。
仙人杖 味咸，气平。无毒。（此是笋欲成竹时立死者，色黑如漆。五六月收之。）主哕气
呕逆，辟 。小儿吐乳，大人吐食，并水煮服。小儿惊痫及夜啼，安身伴睡良。又痔疾，
烧为末服方寸匕。
丁香 味辛、气温。纯阳，无毒。入手太阴、足阳明、少阴经。主温脾胃，止霍乱呕逆。
冷气腹痛，风毒诸肿。治口气齿疳 ，肾气贲豚，壮阳暖腰膝。有大如枣核者，名母丁香，为末，
实纱囊如小指，纳阴中，主阴冷病。能变白，以生姜汁和，拔去白须，涂孔中即异常黑。
苏合香 味甘，气温。无毒。（此香来从西域，云是诸香汁煎之，色亦黄。）主辟恶，
杀鬼精物。温疟蛊毒痫 。去三虫，除邪，令人无梦魇。
沉香 味辛，气温。阳也。无毒。（入水沉而中实不空者佳。）主疗风水肿毒，去恶风。
补右尺命门，壮元阳，暖腰膝，散滞气，保和卫气。用为使，上而至天，下而至泉，无所不之。
又止转筋吐泻，冷气麻痹，骨节不仁，湿风皮肤痒，心腹痛，气痢。
藿香 味甘、辛，气微温。阳也。入手足太阴经。主疗风水肿毒，去恶气。治口臭，霍
乱心痛。芳香之气，助脾开胃，温中快气。治吐逆为最要之药。上焦壅，煎汤嫩口。入顺气乌药，
则理肺；入黄 、四君子汤，则
理脾。
紫真檀 味咸、辛，气温。无毒。入手太阴、足少阴经，通行阳明经。主恶毒风毒，
醋和涂敷之。末敷金疮，止血止痛妙，又治心腹痛，霍乱中恶鬼气。能调气而清香，引芳香之
物上行，最宜橙橘之属，佐以姜枣。将以葛根、豆蔻、缩砂、益智通行阳明之经，在胸膈之上，
处咽嗌之中，同为理气之剂。
龙脑香及膏香 味辛、苦，气温。属阳，无毒。（出波律国，形似白松树，作杉木气，
明净状若梅花瓣者甚佳。膏乃根下清液，砍木作坎而承之者清香，为百药先，万物中香无出其
上者。）主心腹邪气，风湿积聚，耳聋，明目去目赤肤翳。通利关膈热塞，大人小儿风涎闭壅
及暴惊热。丹溪云∶属火，世知其寒而通利，然未达其暖而轻浮飞扬。《局方》但喜其香而贵
细，动辄与麝同用为桂附之助。然人身阳易动，阴易亏，幸思之。愚按∶龙脑性大辛善走，故
能散热，通利结气。古今方目痛、喉痹、下疳多用之者，取辛散也。人欲死者吞之，气散尽也。
世人误以为寒，不知辛散性甚似乎凉耳，诸香皆属阳，岂有香之至者而反寒乎？治时疾，发豌
豆疮及赤疮心烦，狂躁气喘妄语。（取一钱细研，旋滴猪心血和丸如芡实子大，每服一丸，紫草
汤下，少时心神便定，疮收散。）
安息香 味辛、苦，气平。无毒。主心腹恶气鬼疰，治邪气魍魉鬼胎蛊毒，烧之去鬼来
神，辟众恶。
杉材 味辛，气温。属阳，无毒。（须油杉良。）主疗漆疮，取节作屑，水煮汁浸
洗香港脚肿满，殊效。煎木屑服之，疗心腹胀痛，去恶气。
乳香 味辛、苦，气温。阳也。（入丸散微炒。）主疗风水肿毒，去恶气。疗诸疮，调血
气，定诸经之痛。治心腹痛、耳聋、中风口噤，又催生。煎膏，止痛长肉。
槟榔 味辛、苦，气温。味浓气轻，阴中阳也。无毒。（状若鸡心，正稳尖长中要实，有
锦文者良。）主消谷，逐水除痰癖。治心痛，杀三虫、伏尸、寸白。治后重如神，坠诸药至
于极下。破滞气，泄胸中至高之气。南方人食之，以祛瘴厉。又香港脚冲心。（大者一枚为末，
童便、姜汁温浸，共半盏调。）
枳谷 味苦、酸、辛，气微寒，味薄气浓，阳也。阴中微阳，无毒。（阴干，陈久者良。
去穣核，麸炒用。）主胸膈痞塞，散结气，逐水消胀满。安胃化痰涎，消食破 结 癖。除
寒热结，止痢，长肌肉，利五脏，走大肠，泄肺气。损胸中至高之气，勿多用。又治遍身风疹、
风痛，大风在皮肤中如麻豆苦痒，通利关节，主皮毛胸膈之病。肠风痔疾，（二方同黄 各半斤，
糊丸，米饮下二十丸。）湖阳公主胎肥难产，方士进瘦胎散。（用四两和甘草二两为末，空心
服一钱匕，茶清点服。）
枳实 味苦、酸，气寒。纯阴。无毒。（陈久者良。）主胸膈痰癖，逐停水，破结实，
消胀满，心下急，痞痛，去脾经积血，故治心下痞。脾无积血则不痞也，故伤寒结胸用之。又
治逆气胁痛，消宿食，安胃气。《本经》不分壳、实，壳大者性舒而缓，治在高，主气滞在胸
膈。实小者性酷而速，治在下，主血滞在心腹，故有高、低、缓、急之分。
浓朴 味苦、辛，气温。阳中之阴。无毒。（干姜为之使。恶泽泻、寒水石、硝石。阴干，
肉浓紫色者佳。入药去粗皮，生姜汁炒。）主中风伤寒头痛，寒热惊悸，气血痹，死肌。去三
虫，温中益气，消痰下气，浓肠胃，走冷气。疗霍乱，胃中冷逆，呕吐酸水，泄痢淋露。消宿食，
破宿血，治腹痛胀满，散结之神药。若虚弱之人，虽腹胀宜酌量用之。误服脱人元气。与枳实、
大黄同用，能泻实满，是消痰下气也；与橘皮、苍术同用，能除湿满，是温中益气也。与解利
药同用，则治伤寒头痛；与泄利药同用，则浓肠胃。盖用苦则泻，用温则补也。
茗苦搽 （今茶也。早采者为茶，晚采者为茗。）味甘、苦，气微寒。无毒。入手、足
厥阴经。主 疮，清头目，利小便，去痰热渴，下气消宿食，去人脂，令人少睡。作饮加茱萸、
葱、姜等良。《茶饮》序云∶释滞消壅，一日之利暂佳；养气侵精，终身之累斯大。赤白痢，
（对和黄连半两，生姜一两，点服效。）诸烂疮及烫火疮，（细嚼敷贴，或为末香油调敷妙。）
目热赤涩痛。（嚼烂贴目两角，痛即止。）
乌药 味辛，气温。无毒。（八月采根。）主中恶心腹痛，蛊毒疰忤鬼气，宿食不消，
天行疫瘴，膀胱肾间冷气
攻冲背膂，妇人血气，小儿腹中诸虫。治一切气，除一切冷痛，痈疖疥癞，猫犬百病，并
可摩服。
巴豆 味辛，气温。有大毒。（芫花为之使。恶 草，畏大黄、黄连。用之去心皮。又熬
令黄色，另捣如膏，以和丸散。）主伤寒温疟寒热，破 瘕结聚坚积，留饮痰癖，大肠水胀。
涤荡五脏六腑，开通闭塞，利水谷遂。女子月闭，杀腹藏蛊，去恶肉排脓，消除鬼毒蛊疰邪物。
杀蛊、鱼、斑蝥、蛇虺毒，人吞一粒便欲死，而鼠食之三年重三十斤，物性乃有相耐如此。此
斩关夺门之将，不可轻用。若急治，为水谷道路之剂，去皮心膜油生用；若缓治，为消坚磨积之
剂，炒烟去令紫黑研用。丹溪云∶去胃中寒积，无寒积者勿用。箭镞入骨不可拔。（取微熬，
螳同研，涂伤处，须臾痛定，微痒，忍待极痒不可忍，便撼动箭镞即拔之，立出。速以生肌
膏敷之，兼治背疮。）
皂荚 味辛、咸，气温。有小毒。引入厥阴经。（柏实为之使，恶麦门冬。畏空青、人
参、苦参。九十月采，阴干，如猪牙者良，去皮、子，酥炙用，不入汤药。）主风痹死肌邪气，
风头泪出。利九窍，通关节，杀精物劳蛊。疗腹胀满，破坚症，堕胎，可为沐药。治卒中风昏
迷，鬼魇不悟，卒死，卒头痛，为末吹鼻中。投荚酒中，尽取其精，火内煎成膏，涂帛贴一
切肿毒兼止疼痛。皂角针治疮中用之，直达疮所。又米醋煎嫩刺作浓煎，敷疮癣极效。一人患
大风恶疾。（用刺一二斤为灰蒸，又晒研为末，食上浓煎大黄汤调一钱匕，服一旬，须眉再
生愈。）
大腹皮 味辛，气温。无毒。（鸠鸟多栖此树上，宜先酒洗，仍以大豆汁洗方可用。）
主冷热气攻心腹，大肠壅毒，痰膈醋心，并以姜盐同煎，入疏气药良，下气健脾开胃。
乌 木根皮 味苦，气微温。有毒。主暴水 结积聚，又治大便不通。用此木方停一寸，
劈破，水煎取小半盏服之，立通，不用多，兼能取水，又解蛇毒。
猪苓 味甘、苦而淡，气平。无毒。入足太阳经、少阴经。主 疟，解毒蛊痊不祥。除
湿利水道，久服轻身耐老。治渴，解伤寒瘟疫大热，发汗。又治肿胀满洗，从脚上至
小腹肿，此药行水之功多。大燥亡津液，无湿证勿用。久服损肾昏目。
郁李仁 味酸、苦，气平。阴中之阳。无毒。主大腹水肿，面目四肢浮肿。利小便水道，
肠中结气，关格不通，破血润燥。根主齿龈肿、龋齿。坚齿，煎浓汁含漱之。
昊茱萸 味辛、苦，气温，大热。气味俱浓，阳中阴也，有毒。入足太阴、少阴、厥
阴经。（蓼实为之使。恶丹参、硝石。畏紫石英。九月九日采，阴干。凡用先于汤中浸去苦汁，
凡六七遍然后用。）主温中下气，止痛，咳逆寒热，除湿血痹，逐风邪，开腠理，治寒邪所隔
气不得上下。脾胃伤冷，痰气闭胸，心腹绞痛不可忍。霍乱转筋呕逆，胸膈满，及治下焦寒
湿，疝痛寒气，诸药不可代也。香港脚冲心，可和主姜汁饮之良。下气最速，肠虚人服之愈甚。
根杀三虫，下寸白。东南行者良，南行枝主大小便卒关格不通，取断如手第二指中节，含之
即下。
秦椒 味辛、苦，气温。有毒。（恶栝蒌、防葵。畏雄黄。去闭口者。）主风邪气，温
中除寒痹。坚齿发，明目，除云膜。女人月闭不通，产后恶血痢、多年痢，腹中冷痛，出汗。
利五脏，久服轻身好颜色，耐老增年通神。
蜀椒 味辛，气温，大热。有毒。（杏仁为之使，畏款冬、雄黄，阴干用。须微炒，
使出汗，取红去目并黄壳。）主邪气咳逆，温中，遂骨节皮肤死肌，寒湿痹痛，下气。除六腑
Just traveling far away, consuming one *ge* (a unit of volume) daily prevents hunger. Extracting the juice to cook rice is called "Wu Fan" (Black Rice).
*Hehuan* (Albizia julibrissin / Silk Tree Flower), also known as Yehe Xiang. Flavor: Sweet; Nature: Neutral. Non-toxic. (Harvest bark and leaves for use, at any time.) Main indications: Calms the five Zang organs, benefits the heart and mind, induces joy and eliminates worry, and has rapid effects in tonifying Yin. Long-term use lightens the body, brightens the eyes, and fulfills desires. Additionally, decocting the bark into a paste reduces carbuncles and swelling, and knits bones and tendons. Leaves can be used to wash stains from clothing.
*Yizhi Zi* (Alpinia oxyphylla Fruit). Flavor: Pungent; Nature: Warm. Non-toxic. Enters the Hand and Foot Taiyin meridians, and the Foot Shaoyin meridian. Mainly regulates the Ministerial Fire and Sovereign Fire. (Remove skin before use.) Indications: Spermatorrhea, deficiency leakage, dribbling urine. Benefits Qi, calms the Spirit, and tonifies insufficiency. Stabilizes the Triple Burner and regulates various Qi. Treats cold pathogen invading the Spleen and Stomach, stops vomiting and hiccups, controls saliva, and should be used concurrently with tonic formulas. For frequent urination at night, take 24 seeds, crush them, decoct with salt, and ingest; this yields remarkable results.
*Yu Pi* (Ulmus pumila Bark). Flavor: Sweet; Nature: Neutral. Texture: Slippery and lubricating. Non-toxic. (Harvest bark in February, take the white part and dry in the sun. Harvest fruit in August for decoction; avoid moisture, as dampness harms the body.) Main indications: Difficulty in urination and defecation, unblocks water passages, expels pathogenic factors, reduces swelling and toxicity. Removes various sores, facilitates childbirth (slippery fetus). Long-term use lightens the body and prevents hunger, and induces sleep. The fruit is especially effective; flavor slightly pungent, assists Lung Qi, kills parasites, eliminates malignant Qi in the heart and abdomen, and sudden heart pain. Treats pediatric scalp crusts (crush bark powder, mix with vinegar, apply; worms will emerge). Facilitates easy childbirth during pregnancy (bake, crush to powder, take one cun-bi three times daily near term).
*Dried Lacquer* (Rhus verniciflua Residue). Flavor: Pungent, Salty; Nature: Warm. Toxic. (Radix Bupleuri [Xia Ku Cao] acts as an assistant. Averse to eggs; avoid greasy foods. Averse to crabs; lacquer does not dry if crabs are present. For medicinal use, crush and stir-fry.) Main indications: Severe trauma, tonifies the Middle Jiao, knits bones and tendons, fills marrow and brain. Calms the five Zang organs, treats five slackness and six urgency conditions, wind-cold-damp bi syndrome. Eliminulates blood stasis and epigastric masses causing waist pain, female hernia masses, and menstrual obstruction. Dissolves long-standing accumulations. Treats blood-Qi heart pain. Expels roundworms, kills three types of parasites. Raw lacquer expels long worms. Long-term use lightens the body and promotes longevity.
*Man Jing Shi* (Vitex trifolia Fruit). Flavor: Bitter, Pungent, Sweet; Nature: Slightly Cold, Warm. Yin within Yang. Non-toxic. Herb for the Taiyang meridian. (Averse to Aconitum carmichaelii [Wutou] and Gypsum Fibrosum [Shigao].) Main indications: Cold-heat-damp bi syndrome and spasms between muscles and bones, brightens eyes, strengthens teeth, benefits the nine orifices, removes white parasites. Long-term use lightens the body and promotes longevity. Mainly treats wind-induced headache and tinnitus, tearing. Treats Taiyang headache, dizziness, disperses wind pathogen, eliminates internal eye pain.
*Mujing Shi* (Vitex negundo Fruit). Flavor: Bitter; Nature: Warm. Non-toxic. (Saposhnikovia divaricata [Fangfeng] acts as an assistant; averse to Gypsum Fibrosum [Shigao]. Dry in shade.) Main indications: Removes cold-heat between bones, promotes Stomach Qi, stops cough and rebellious Qi. Burning stems over fire and collecting the dripping liquid for drinking removes chest oppression and heat, wind-headache vertigo, and dizziness. Relieves nausea, sudden loss of voice. Pediatric heart-heat convulsive epilepsy, stops thirst, removes phlegm-saliva. Suitable for individuals with excess Qi and profuse phlegm. Danxi stated: Use Bamboo Sap (Zhuli) for deficiency-phlegm, and Vitex Sap (Jingli) for excess-phlegm; both open collaterals and move blood-Qi, assisted by Ginger Juice.
*Xin Yi* (Magnolia flower bud). Flavor: Pungent; Nature: Warm. Non-toxic. (Ligusticum chuanxiong [Xiong Qiong] acts as an assistant. Averse to Wushi Zhi; averse to Acorus tatarinowii [Changpu], Typha pollen [Puhuang], Coptis chinensis [Huanglian], and Gypsum Fibrosum [Shigao]. Harvest fruit and dry in sun. Remove the core and external hairs before use; hairs entering the lungs cause coughing.) Main indications: Cold-heat in the five Zang organs and body, wind-headache, facial issues, warms the middle and resolves muscle layer, benefits the nine orifices, relieves nasal congestion and discharge. Treats facial swelling radiating to tooth pain, dizziness. Promotes hair growth, removes white parasites. Long-term use directs Qi downward, lightens the body, brightens eyes, and extends life.
*Mulan* (Magnolia officinalis Bark). Flavor: Bitter; Nature: Cold. Non-toxic. (Harvest bark in the twelfth lunar month and dry in shade.) Main indications: High fever in the skin, removes facial heat and redness (rosacea). Repels wind-heat pathogens, treats genital itching and dampness, sharpens hearing and vision.
*Rui He* (Prunus persica kernel / often refers to specific Prunus seed). Flavor: Sweet; Nature: Warm. (Harvest fruit, remove shell and pit, take the kernel and dry in shade.) Main indications: Evil Qi accumulation in the heart and abdomen. Brightens eyes, treats red painful eyes with tearing, swollen and ulcerated eyes, and itchy eyes due to wind.
*Gouteng* (Uncaria rhynchophylla Stem with Hook). Flavor: Sweet, Bitter; Nature: Slightly Cold. Non-toxic. (Harvest in March.) Main indications: Pediatric cold-heat, twelve types of convulsive epilepsy, external pathogenic invasion affecting the fetus, only treats pediatric diseases.
*Qin Pi* (Fraxinus bark). Flavor: Bitter; Nature: Cold. Non-toxic. (Euphorbia pekinensis [Daji] acts as an assistant; averse to Evodia rutaecarpa [Wuzhuyu]. Dry in shade.) Main indications: Wind-cold-damp bi syndrome, chills. Clears heat, treats green cataracts and white membranes in the eyes, chronic liver heat, red swollen painful eyes, and continuous tearing due to wind. Treats male oligospermia, female leukorrhea, pediatric epilepsy, and fever; decoct for bathing to cure. Decoct in water, clarify, and wash red eyes; highly effective. Long-term use prevents graying hair and lightens the body.
*Mimeng Hua* (Gardenia jasminoides Flower Bud). Flavor: Sweet; Nature: Neutral, Slightly Cold. Non-toxic. (Soak in wine overnight, dry, then mix with honey, steam, and dry in sun.) Main indications: Blindness and corneal opacities, redness, dryness, excessive discharge and tearing, eliminates red vessels in the eyes, pediatric measles-like eruptions, and malnutrition attacking the eyes.
*Lehua* (Cassia fistula Flower). Flavor: Bitter; Nature: Cold. Non-toxic. (Cassia obtusifolia [Juemingzi] acts as an assistant. Harvest flowers in May.) Main indications: Eye pain, tearing, injury, reduces eye swelling. Southerners combine it with Coptis chinensis [Huanglian] for decoction; highly effective for severe red and ulcerated eyes.
*Xianren Zhang* (Bamboo spike / Dried bamboo shoot stem). Flavor: Salty; Nature: Neutral. Non-toxic. (This is the stem that dies standing when the shoot is about to become bamboo; color black like lacquer. Harvest in May-June.) Main indications: Hiccups and vomiting, repels evil. Pediatric milk vomiting, adult food vomiting, all treated by decocting in water. Pediatric convulsive epilepsy and night crying; good for calming the body and aiding sleep. Also for hemorrhoids, burn to powder, take one cun-bi.
*Dingxiang* (Syzygium aromaticum / Clove). Flavor: Pungent; Nature: Warm. Pure Yang, Non-toxic. Enters the Hand Taiyin, Foot Yangming, and Foot Shaoyin meridians. Mainly warms the Spleen and Stomach, stops cholera-like vomiting and regurgitation. Cold Qi abdominal pain, wind-toxin swellings. Treats halitosis and dental caries, Kidney Qi rising (Pi Tun), strengthens Yang, warms waist and knees. Larger ones resembling date pits are named "Mother Cloves." Grind to powder, place in a small gauze bag (size of little finger), insert into vagina; mainly treats cold genitals. Can turn white hair black: mix with Ginger Juice, pluck white hairs, apply to the pore; turns black exceptionally fast.
*Suhe Xiang* (Styrax Benzoin). Flavor: Sweet; Nature: Warm. Non-toxic. (This incense comes from the Western Regions, said to be decocted from various incense juices, yellowish in color.) Main indications: Repels evil, kills ghost spirits. Treats warm malaria and gu poison epilepsy. Removes three parasites, expels evil, prevents nightmares.
*Chenxiang* (Aquilaria wood / Agarwood). Flavor: Pungent; Nature: Warm. Yang. Non-toxic. (Best if it sinks in water and is solid inside without hollows.) Main indications: Treats wind-water edema and toxins, removes evil wind. Tonifies the Mingmen gate on the right lower Chi, strengthens Original Yang, warms waist and knees, disperses stagnant Qi, protects and harmonizes Defensive Qi. Used as an assistant herb, it reaches from heaven to earth, going everywhere. Also stops muscle twitching, vomiting, and diarrhea, cold Qi numbness, insensitivity of joints, wind-damp skin itching, heart and abdominal pain, and Qi-type dysentery.
*Huoxiang* (Pogostemon cablin / Patchouli). Flavor: Sweet, Pungent; Nature: Slightly Warm. Yang. Enters the Hand and Foot Taiyin meridians. Mainly treats wind-water edema and toxins, removes evil Qi. Treats bad breath, cholera-like heart pain. Its aromatic fragrance aids the Spleen, opens the appetite, warms the middle, and moves Qi. It is a crucial herb for treating vomiting. For upper Jiao stagnation, decoct and rinse the mouth. Add Shunqi Wuyao to regulate the Lung; add Huangqi and Sijunzi Tang to regulate the Spleen.
*Zi Zentan* (Sandalwood). Flavor: Salty, Pungent; Nature: Warm. Non-toxic. Enters the Hand Taiyin and Foot Shaoyin meridians, circulates through the Yangming meridian. Mainly treats toxic wind-toxins; mix with vinegar and apply. Powder applied to metallic wounds stops bleeding and pain effectively; also treats heart and abdominal pain, cholera-like evil ghost Qi. Regulates Qi and is fragrant; guides aromatic substances upward. Best paired with citrus fruits, assisted by Ginger and Jujube. Intended to be used with Radix Puerariae [Gegen], Amomum kravanh [Doukou], Amomum villosum [Suosha], and Alpinia oxyphylla [Yizhi] to circulate the Yangming meridian, located above the chest and diaphragm, in the throat; together they form a Qi-regulating formula.
*Longnao Xiang* (Borneol) and its resin. Flavor: Pungent, Bitter; Nature: Warm. Yang, Non-toxic. (Originates from Bolü Country; shape resembles white pine tree, smells like cedar wood. Clear, plum-blossom-petal-shaped pieces are best. The resin is clear fluid from under the root, collected in carved pits; it is the foremost of hundred herbs, unsurpassed among fragrances.) Main indications: Evil Qi in heart and abdomen, wind-damp accumulation, deafness, brightens eyes, removes redness and corneal opacity. Unblocks heat obstruction in the diaphragm, treats wind-phlegm blockage in adults and children, and sudden convulsions with heat. Danxi stated: It belongs to Fire; people know its cold nature and unblocking effect, but fail to understand its warmth, lightness, and floating quality. The *Ju Fang* values its fragrance and fineness, often using it with Moschus [Shexiang] to assist Cinnamomi Ramulus [Guizhi] and Aconitum [Fuzi]. However, human Yang moves easily, and Yin is easily depleted; reflect on this. I note: Borneol is extremely pungent and mobile, thus it dissipates heat and unblocks stagnant Qi. Ancient and modern formulas for eye pain, throat bi, and chancres use it frequently for its pungent dispersing action. If a person is dying, swallowing it causes Qi to scatter completely. People mistakenly think it is cold; in fact, its pungent dispersing nature feels cool. All fragrances belong to Yang; how could the most fragrant be cold? Treats seasonal fevers, eruptive diseases like pea pox and red sores with restlessness, mania, panting, and delirium. (Take one qian, grind finely, mix with pig heart blood drop by drop, roll into pills the size of Euryale ferox seeds [Qianshi Zi]. Take one pill per dose, washed down with Zicao Tang. In a short time, the spirit settles, and sores resolve.)
*Anxi Xiang* (Benzoin Resin). Flavor: Pungent, Bitter; Nature: Neutral. Non-toxic. Mainly treats evil Qi and ghost attacks in the heart and abdomen, treats evil Qi, demons, ghost fetuses, and gu poison. Burning it repels ghosts and brings spirits, warding off all evils.
*Shan Cai* (Fir Wood). Flavor: Pungent; Nature: Warm. Yang, Non-toxic. (Oil fir is best.) Mainly treats lacquer dermatitis. Take nodes, make into powder, decoct in water, and soak/wash swollen feet (Hong Kong foot); highly effective. Decoct wood powder to ingest; treats heart and abdominal distension/pain, removes evil Qi.
*Ruxiang* (Olibanum / Frankincense). Flavor: Pungent, Bitter; Nature: Warm. Yang. (Lightly stir-fry for pills and powders.) Mainly treats wind-water edema and toxins, removes evil Qi. Treats various sores, regulates blood and Qi, stabilizes pain in various meridians. Treats heart and abdominal pain, deafness, stroke with locked jaw, and facilitates childbirth. Decoct into paste to stop pain and promote flesh growth.
*Binglang* (Areca Seed). Flavor: Pungent, Bitter; Nature: Warm. Strong flavor, light aroma; Yang within Yin. Non-toxic. (Resembles chicken heart, upright, pointed, long, solid in the middle, with brocade patterns is best.) Main indications: Digests grains, drives out water, removes phlegm-stagnation. Treats heart pain, kills three parasites, hidden corpses, and tapeworms. Treats tenesmus miraculously, drives other herbs to the lowest point. Breaks stagnant Qi, drains high Qi in the chest. Southerners eat it to dispel miasma. Also treats Hong Kong foot rushing to the heart. (One large seed ground to powder, soaked in child's urine and Ginger Juice, mixed with half a cup to drink.)
*Zhi Gu* (Citrus aurantium peel variant). Flavor: Bitter, Sour, Pungent; Nature: Slightly Cold. Thin flavor, strong aroma, Yang. Slight Yang within Yin. Non-toxic. (Dry in shade; aged is better. Remove pulp and pit, stir-fry with bran.) Main indications: Chest and diaphragm fullness/stuffiness, disperses nodulated Qi, drives out water, reduces bloating. Calms Stomach, transforms phlegm-saliva, digests food, breaks nodulated stagnation. Removes cold-heat knots, stops dysentery, promotes muscle growth, benefits five Zang organs, moves through Large Intestine, drains Lung Qi. Damages high Qi in the chest; do not use excessively. Also treats generalized wind-rashes and wind-pain, severe skin itching like millet grains, unblocks joints, treats skin/hair and chest/diaphragm diseases. Intestinal wind and hemorrhoids. (Combine with Astragalus [Huangqi] half jin each, make pills with paste, take 20 pills with rice water.) Princess Huyang had difficult labor due to fetal fat; a physician offered Shoutai San. (Four liang combined with two liang of Licorice [Gancao], grind to powder, take one qian-bi on an empty stomach, wash down with tea.)
*Zhishi* (Immature Bitter Orange). Flavor: Bitter, Sour; Nature: Cold. Pure Yin. Non-toxic. (Aged is better.) Main indications: Phlegm-stagnation in chest and diaphragm, drives out retained water, breaks firm knots, reduces bloating, epigastric urgency, stuffiness and pain, removes Spleen meridian accumulated blood, hence treats epigastric stuffiness. If the Spleen has no accumulated blood, there is no stuffiness; hence used for Shaoyang/Jueyin knot-chest in Cold Damage. Also treats rebellious Qi and hypochondriac pain, digests retained food, calms Stomach Qi. *Benjing* did not distinguish between shell and fruit. Large shells have a relaxing and slow nature, treating high locations, mainly for Qi stagnation in chest/diaphragm. Small fruits have a harsh and rapid nature, treating low locations, mainly for Blood stagnation in heart/abdomen. Thus, there are distinctions in height, depth, speed, and slowness.
*Houpo* (Magnolia officinalis Bark). Flavor: Bitter, Pungent; Nature: Warm. Yin within Yang. Non-toxic. (Dried Ginger [Ganjiang] acts as an assistant; averse to Alisma orientale [Zexie], Natron [Han Shuishishi], and Niter [Xiaoshi]. Dry in shade; thick purple meat is best. For medicine, remove rough bark, stir-fry with Ginger Juice.) Main indications: Wind-stroke/Cold Damage headache, cold-heat palpitations, Qi-Blood bi, necrotic tissue. Removes three parasites, warms middle and benefits Qi, transforms phlegm and directs Qi downward, thickens intestines/stomach, moves cold Qi. Treats cholera, cold rebellion in Stomach, vomiting sour water, dysentery and dripping. Digests retained food, breaks old blood, treats abdominal pain and distension; a divine herb for dispersing knots. For weak individuals, even with abdominal distension, use cautiously. Misuse depletes Yuan Qi. Combined with Zhishi and Rhubarb [Dahuang], it purges excess fullness (transforms phlegm/directs Qi); combined with Tangerine Peel [Chenpi] and Atractylodes [Cangzhu], it removes damp-fullness (warms middle/benefits Qi). Combined with exterior-resolving herbs, it treats Cold Damage headache; combined with laxatives, it thickens intestines/stomach. Generally, bitter purges, warm tonifies.
*Ming Kucha* (Tea Leaf). (Early harvest is Cha, late harvest is Ming.) Flavor: Sweet, Bitter; Nature: Slightly Cold. Non-toxic. Enters Hand and Foot Jueyin meridians. Mainly treats sores, clears head and eyes, benefits urination, removes phlegm-heat and thirst, directs Qi downward, digests retained food, removes body fat, induces less sleep. Good as a drink with Cornus [Zhuyu], Scallion, and Ginger. Preface of *Tea Drink*: Relieving stagnation and resolving obstruction offers temporary daily benefit; nourishing Qi and invading essence causes lifelong burden. Red-white dysentery. (Mix equal parts with Coptis chinensis [Huanglian] half liang, Ginger one liang, brew and take; effective.) Various ulcerative burns and scalds. (Chew fine and apply, or powder with sesame oil; excellent.) Heat-red dry painful eyes. (Chew well and apply to corners of eyes; pain stops immediately.)
*Wuyao* (Lindera aggregata Root). Flavor: Pungent; Nature: Warm. Non-toxic. (Harvest roots in August.) Main indications: Sudden heart/abdominal pain from evil Qi, gu poison, ghost Qi, undigested food, epidemic pestilence, cold Qi from Bladder/Kidney attacking back/spine, women's blood-Qi disorders, pediatric abdominal parasites. Treats all Qi, removes all cold pain, carbuncles, sores, scabies, leprosy, and hundred diseases of cats/dogs; can be rubbed and ingested.
*Badou* (Croton seed). Flavor: Pungent; Nature: Warm. Highly Toxic. (Kansui [Yuanhua] acts as an assistant; averse to certain grass, averse to Rhubarb [Dahuang] and Coptis chinensis [Huanglian]. Remove core and skin. Roast until yellow, pound separately into paste, mix into pills/powders.) Main indications: Cold Damage warm malaria cold-heat, breaks masses, firm accumulations, retained fluids, phlegm-stagnation, intestinal water distension. Cleanses five Zang and six Fu, opens blockages, benefits grain/water passage. Amenorrhea, kills abdominal gu, removes bad flesh and pus, eliminates ghost/toxin/gu parasite evil objects. Kills gu, fish, blister beetle, snake venom. One grain swallowed by humans causes death desire, yet rats eating it gain thirty jin in three years; natures resist each other thus. This is a general who breaches gates; do not use lightly. For urgent treatment, as a grain/water pathway agent, use raw peeled/cored/oil-free; for slow treatment, as a mass-breaking agent, roast until smoky/purple-black and grind. Danxi stated: Removes gastric cold accumulation; do not use if no cold accumulation. Arrowhead stuck in bone cannot be pulled out. (Lightly roast, grind with Mantis Egg Case [Tangleng], apply to wound; pain stops quickly, slight itch, endure until unbearable itch, then shake arrowhead to extract immediately. Apply Shengji Gao quickly; also treats back sores.)
*Zaojia* (Gleditsia sinensis Fruit). Flavor: Pungent, Salty; Nature: Warm. Slightly Toxic. Enters Jueyin meridian. (Platycodon grandiflorus [Baishi] acts as an assistant; averse to Ophiopogon japonicus [Mendong]; averse to Azurite [Kongqing], Ginseng [Renshen], and Sophora flavescens [Kushen]. Harvest Sept-Oct, dry in shade; pig-tooth shape is best. Remove skin and seeds, fry in butter; not for decoctions.) Main indications: Wind-bi necrotic tissue evil Qi, wind-head tearfulness. Benefits nine orifices, unblocks joints, kills sperm-labor gu. Treats abdominal distension, breaks hard masses, induces abortion, can be used for bathing. Treats sudden stroke coma, ghost possession unconsciousness, sudden death, sudden headache; blow powder into nose. Soak pods in wine, extract essence, boil into paste, apply on cloth to all swellings/toxins and stop pain. Zaojia needles reach the sore directly when used for sores. Decoct tender thorns in rice vinegar for thick decoction; apply to sores/tinea; highly effective. One patient with severe leprosy. (Use 1-2 jin thorns, ash steam, sun dry, grind to powder. After meals, take one qian-bi mixed with thick Rhubarb [Dahuang] decoction. After ten days, eyebrows/beards regrow and cure.)
*Dafupi* (Areca Peel). Flavor: Pungent; Nature: Warm. Non-toxic. (Doves often perch on this tree; wash with wine first, then with soybean juice before use.) Main indications: Cold/heat Qi attacking heart/abdomen, Large Intestine toxin accumulation, phlegm-diaphragm acid reflux. Decoct with Ginger and Salt; adding Qi-moving herbs is beneficial. Directs Qi downward, strengthens Spleen, opens appetite.
*Wumu Genpi* (Ebony Root Bark). Flavor: Bitter; Nature: Slightly Warm. Toxic. Mainly treats acute water accumulation and masses, also treats constipation. Cut one cun of this wood, split, decoct in water, take small half cup; immediate relief. Do not use much; also draws out water, detoxifies snake venom.
*Zhuling* (Polyporus Umbellatus). Flavor: Sweet, Bitter, Bland; Nature: Neutral. Non-toxic. Enters Foot Taiyang and Shaoyin meridians. Mainly treats malaria, detoxifies gu and misfortune. Removes dampness, benefits water passages, long-term use lightens body and promotes longevity. Treats thirst, resolves high fever from Cold Damage/plague, induces sweating. Also treats edema from feet to lower abdomen; this herb has strong water-moving power. Highly drying, depletes fluids; do not use if no dampness. Long-term use damages Kidneys and clouds eyes.
*Yuliren* (Prunus humilis Seed). Flavor: Sour, Bitter; Nature: Neutral. Yang within Yin. Non-toxic. Mainly treats massive abdominal edema, facial/limb swelling. Benefits urinary water passages, intestinal stagnant Qi, Guan-Ge obstruction, breaks blood, moistens dryness. Roots treat gum swelling and tooth decay. Strengthens teeth; decoct concentrated juice and gargle.
*Huazhuyu* (Cornus officinalis Fruit). Flavor: Pungent, Bitter; Nature: Warm, Very Hot. Strong flavor and aroma; Yin within Yang. Toxic. Enters Foot Taiyin, Shaoyin, and Jueyin meridians. (Polygonum multiflorum seeds [Liaoshi] act as an assistant; averse to Salvia miltiorrhiza [Danshen] and Niter [Xiaoshi]; averse to Fluorite [Ziyanshi]. Harvest Sept 9, dry in shade. Soak in soup to remove bitter juice 6-7 times before use.) Main indications: Warms middle, directs Qi downward, stops pain, cough/rebellious Qi cold-heat, removes damp-blood bi, expels wind pathogen, opens pores, treats Qi blocked by cold pathogen unable to move up/down. Spleen/Stomach cold damage, phlegm-Qi blocking chest, unbearable heart/abdominal colic. Cholera spasms/vomiting, chest fullness, lower Jiao cold-damp, hernia cold pain; no other herb can replace it. Hong Kong foot rushing to heart; mix with Ginger Juice to drink; good. Directs Qi fastest; worsens if taken by those with deficient intestines. Roots kill three parasites, expel tapeworms. Southeastern origin is best. Southern branches treat sudden Guan-Ge obstruction of urination/defecation; break a segment the size of the second joint of the index finger, hold in mouth to pass.
*Qinjiao* (Zanthoxylum bungeanum Fruit). Flavor: Pungent, Bitter; Nature: Warm. Toxic. (Averse to Trichosanthes kirilowii [Gualou] and Adenophora [Fang Kui]; averse to Realgar [Xionghuang]. Remove closed-mouth ones.) Main indications: Wind-pathogen Qi, warms middle, removes cold-bi. Strengthens teeth/hair, brightens eyes, removes cloud-membranes. Women's amenorrhea, postpartum bloody dysentery, chronic dysentery, abdominal cold pain, sweating. Benefits five Zang organs, long-term use lightens body, improves complexion, promotes longevity and spiritual connection.
*Shujiao* (Zanthoxylum simulans Fruit). Flavor: Pungent; Nature: Warm, Very Hot. Toxic. (Apricot kernels [Xingren] act as an assistant; averse to Winter Jasmine [Kuandong], Realgar [Xionghuang]; dry in shade. Lightly stir-fry to sweat, take red part, remove eyes and yellow shells.) Main indications: Pathogenic cough/rebellious Qi, warms middle, penetrates bone/joint/skin necrotic tissue, cold-damp bi pain, directs Qi downward. Removes six Fu...