桂 味甘、辛，气大热。有小毒。入手少阴经。桂枝入足太阴经。（忌生葱。生桂阳，采皮
阴干。凡用刮去粗皮。）主温中，利肝肺气，心腹冷痛，霍乱转筋，风寒头痛、腰痛、出汗。
止唾，咳嗽鼻 。能堕胎，通血脉，消瘀血，坚骨节。治风痹，骨挛脚软，宣导百药无所畏，
杀草木毒。
牡桂 味辛，气温。无毒。（生南海山谷）。主上气，咳逆结气，喉痹吐吸，利关节，补中
益气。久服通神，轻身不老。
菌桂 味辛，气温。无毒。（生交趾、桂林山谷，立秋采，无骨正圆如竹。）主百病，养
精神，和颜色，为诸药先聘通使。久服轻身不老，面生光华媚好，常如童子。
按三种之桂，所出各异焉，治亦稍别。世俗所用皆单桂也。枝条薄者为桂枝，宜入治头目，
发表散风寒。仲景救表用桂枝，非以其敛汗，盖表有风邪，故病自汗，以桂枝温荣卫而发其邪，
邪去则表密而汗自止，正辛甘发散之义。后人用桂止汗，失经旨矣。身干浓实者为肉桂，宜入
治脏，补肾气及下焦寒冷。秋冬下部腹痛，非此不除。刮去粗浓，用近里者为桂心，又有嫩小
枝条为桂心。味淡，尤宜入治上焦药及横行手臂。桂虽有小毒，亦从类化。与芩连为使，小毒
何施？与乌附同用，全得热性。冬月与人参、麦门冬、甘草同用，能调中益气，
护荣实卫。风头痛，遇天将阴风雨先发者，（桂心一两为末，酒调如膏，敷顶上并额角效。）
唾血吐血，（桂心为末，水调下方寸匕。）中风失音四肢逆冷。（取一两以水三升煮，取一升服尽，取
汗。）
槐实 味苦、酸、咸，气寒。无毒。（景天为之使。十月上巳日采之。）主五内邪气热，
止涎唾，补绝伤。五痔、火疮，妇人乳瘕，子脏急痛，又堕胎催生。吞七粒，治丈夫妇人
阴疮湿痒，产门痒痛。久服明目，补脑益气，头不白延年。
槐枝洗疮及阴囊下湿痒，春采嫩枝，锻为黑灰，以揩齿去虫。槐白皮味苦，主中风不仁，
酒煮服之。煎汤洗，五痔，男子阴疝卵肿，妇人产门痒痛，小儿惊痫壮热。茎叶同。又治一切
恶疮、烂疮、疥癣。煎膏，止痛长肉，消痈肿。煮汁含之，治口齿风疳。槐花味苦，凉大肠热。
治五痔、心痛、眼赤，杀腹脏虫及热。治皮肤风并肠风泻血、赤白痢，并炒用。槐胶主一切风，
化涎，急风口噤或破伤风，任作汤、散、丸、煎，杂诸药用之，亦可水煮和诸药为丸。
柏实 味甘、辛，气平。无毒。（牡蛎及桂为之使。畏菊花、羊蹄、诸石及面曲。入药微
炒用。用扁叶者名侧柏。）
主惊悸，安五脏，益气血。除风湿痹，疗恍惚虚损吸吸历节，腰中重痛，腰肾中冷，润肾燥
之药。去头风，兴阳道，久服令人润泽美色，耳目聪明，不饥不老，轻身延年。柏叶尤良，味
苦、涩，气微温。四时各根据方采，阴干。主吐血、衄血，痢血，崩中赤白，尿血。轻身益气，
令人耐寒暑，去湿痹。此补阴之要药。性多燥，久得之大益脾以涩其肺。作末和油涂之，生发。
炙冻疮。柏白皮主火灼烂疮，长毛发。大风疾，眉发脱落。（用叶九蒸九晒，捣为末，炼蜜
丸梧桐子大，日三服，夜一服。熟水下五丸或十丸，百日再生。）男女及小儿虫痢，大腹下黑血
如茶脚色，或脓血如淀色者。（取叶焙干为末，同黄连煎为汁，服之殊效。）
松脂 味苦、甘，气温。无毒。（六月采透明如乳香者佳。）主疽恶疮，头疡白秃，疥瘙
风气，杀虫于疼，以少许咬之，虫自死。贴诸疮脓血，生肌止痛，抽风。炼之令白如玉。安五
脏，除热，胃中伏热。咽干消渴及风痹死肌，
历节风，恶风癞疾。久服轻身，不老延年。松实主虚羸少气，补不足。松叶苦涩，主风湿疮，生
毛发，安五脏，守中，不饥延年。切如粟，须服方寸匕，日三服。辟瘟疫，除恶病。多取青叶
捣烂，用酒浸七日，取酒服。治香港脚风痹不能行，及诸历节风。松节温，主百节久风，风虚脚痹
，软弱疼痛。燥血中之湿，浸酒服。松根白皮苦、温，主辟谷不饥，补劳益气。松花拂取似蒲黄，
久服轻身却病。
茯苓 味甘、淡，气平。阳也。无毒。入手太阴、足太阳、少阳。赤者入足太阴、手少
阳、少阴经。（恶白蔹。畏牡蛎、地榆、雄黄、秦艽、龟甲。忌醋及酸物。得松之余气而成者。
阴干，中有赤筋最损目，用者去之。）主胸胁逆气，忧恚惊邪恐悸，心下结痛，寒热烦满咳逆。
口焦舌干，利小便。水肿淋结，膈中痰水，肺痿痰壅。调胃气，伐肾邪，降肺火，益气力，
保神守中。久服安魂养神，不饥延年。淡利窍，甘助阳，除湿行水之圣药。白色者补，赤色者
利。又赤者破结气，如小便多及汗多、阴虚者不宜服。其有抱根者名茯神，主辟不祥。疗风眩
风虚，五劳口干，止惊悸，恚怒惊痫，善忘。开心益智，安魂魄，养精神，补劳乏。又治心
下急痛坚满。人虚而小肠不利，加而用之。
琥珀 味甘，气平。属阳，无毒。（松脂所化，以手摩热能盛草者为真。）主安五脏，定
魂魄，能杀精魅邪鬼。疗蛊毒，利小便，通五淋，明目摩翳，止心痛，破结症瘀血，产后血晕，
止血生肌，合金疮。
丹溪云∶能利小便，以燥脾土有功。若血少而小便不利者，反致燥急之苦。茯苓、琥珀二
物皆自松出，而所禀各异。茯苓生成于阴者也，琥珀生于阳而成于阴，故皆治荣而安心利水也。
枸杞 味苦，气寒。根大寒，子微寒。无毒。（冬采根，春夏采叶，秋采茎实，阴干。）
主五内邪气，热中消渴，同痹。补内伤大劳，强阴益精。去皮肤骨节间风、肾家风。眼赤痛，
风痒瘴膜。久服坚筋骨，轻身不老，明目。血虚用之。
酸枣 味酸，气平。无毒。（恶防己，八月探实，阴干四十日成。）主心腹寒热，邪结
气聚，四肢酸疼湿痹，筋骨风。
脐上下痛，心虚烦及振悸不得眠。宁心志，敛虚汗，止烦渴。补中益肝气，坚筋骨，助阴气。
久服安五脏，轻身延年。又云∶胆实多睡，热也，生用，茶叶、姜汁调服；胆虚不睡，寒也，
炒熟，竹叶汤调服。
栀子 味苦，气寒。味薄，阴中阳也。无毒。入手太阴经。（七棱者良，炒用。）主五
内邪气，胃中热气，面赤酒 鼻，白癞赤癞疮疡，目赤热痛，血痢挟毒热，下小便赤涩不利。
治湿热发黄，加茵陈、豆豉。治呕，加生姜、陈皮。治心腹久痛，加生姜汁。善去心中客热，
虚烦不得眠，反复颠倒，心中懊 。又治大病后劳复，既亡血、亡津液，脏腑无润养，内
生虚热，非此不除。又能屈曲下行降火，善开郁热块中之火，丹溪六郁方中用之。轻浮而象
肺，色赤而象火，故治高之分，泻肺中之火。用仁，去心胸热；用皮，去肌表热。
柏木 （黄柏也。）味苦、微辛，气寒。阴中之阳，降也，无毒。足少阴经药，足太阳
引经药。（恶干漆。二月、五月采紧浓鲜黄者上。凡使用生，蜜水浸，晒干，再用蜜涂，慢火
炙，令蜜赤佳。）主五脏肠胃中结热，黄胆肠痔，止泄痢。女子漏下赤白，阴伤蚀疮，男子茎上
疮，煮汁洗，屑末敷之。蜜炒为末，治口疮。又云∶配细辛治口、疮有神功。补肾水膀胱不
足，诸痿厥脚膝无力，瘫痪必用之药。坚肾泻膀胱热，清小便，降相火，治骨蒸劳阴痿。洗肝明
目，鼻红吐血下血。治蛔心痛，虚哕蛔出，小肠虚痛。久服通神。根名檀桓，作结块如茯苓，
主心腹百病，安魂魄，不饥渴。久服轻身，延年通神。心脾热，舌颊生疮。（蜜炙与青黛一分同
为末，入龙脑一字，研匀，搽疮上有涎即吐。）
竹叶 味苦、甘，气平，寒。阴中微阳，无毒。（ 竹、淡竹为上，苦竹次之，余不入
药。）主咳逆上气，溢筋急恶疡。杀小虫，凉心经，除烦热，风痉喉痹呕吐。根作汤，益气止渴，
补虚下气，消毒。汁主风痉，实通神明，轻身益气。（别说云∶竹实大如鸡子，叶层层包裹，
味甘胜似蜜，此凤凰所食者。今结实如小麦子者非。）淡竹叶味辛、甘，气寒。主胸中痰热，咳
逆上气，吐血热毒风，压丹石毒，止消渴。烧沥味甘，性缓。治卒中风，失音不语，风痹，胸
中热狂烦闷，壮热头痛头风，并怀妊人头旋倒地。安胎，治子烦。除阴虚人发大热，消虚痰，
痰盛人、气虚少食者宜用之。又痰在四肢、非此不能开。止惊悸，瘟疫迷闷，小儿惊痫天吊，
茎叶同用。竹皮、茹味苦，气微寒。主呕 噎膈，温气寒热，吐血衄血，崩中溢筋。苦竹叶
及沥疗口疮，目赤痛，明目利九窍。治不睡，解酒毒，下热壅，作沥，功
用与淡竹同。齿间血出，（苦竹茹四两、醋渍一宿，含之。又云∶以竹叶侬煮，与盐少许含之。）
卒得恶疮不识，（烧苦竹叶和鸡子黄敷之。）妊娠失坠胎动或痛，（取淡竹沥服，或炙竹茹四两
酒煎服，竹根煮汁亦佳。）爆竹辟妖气。（人家为山魈所崇，掷瓦不开，户牖不安，祈禳不效。
后有人教以旦夜于庭垣中，若除夕爆竹数十竿，至晓寂然，遂止。）
楮实 味甘，气寒。无毒。（取中子日干，四十日成。）主阴痿水肿，益气补虚劳。助
腰膝，充肌肤，明目。久服不饥，不老轻身。叶主小儿身热，食不下，生肌，可作汤浴。又主
恶疮生肉。又鼻衄不止，捣取汁，饮三升，不住再饮，良久衄瘥。又主水利，炙干为末，乌梅
汤调，日再服。树皮主逐水，利小便。可为纸，其纸烧灰，酒调服，能止血晕、血崩、金疮出
血。皮间白汁疗癣，敷蛇、虫、蜂、犬咬。
山茱萸 味酸、涩，气平，微温。无毒。入足厥阴经、少阴经。（蓼实为之使，恶桔梗、
防风、防己。阴干，去核用。）主心下邪气寒热温中，逐寒湿痹。去三虫，补肾气，兴阳道，
坚长阴茎，添精髓，秘精。止小便，暖利腰膝，疗耳鸣。止女人月水不定，老人尿不节。久服
轻身明目，强力长年。核能涩精。
五加皮 味辛、苦。气温，微寒。无毒。（远志为之使，畏蛇皮、玄参。五月七月采茎，
十月采根，阴干。）主心腹疝气腹痛，益气疗 ，小儿不能行。疽疮阴蚀，男子阴痿囊湿，小
便遗沥。女人阴痒，腰脊痛；脚痹痛，风弱五缓。治多年瘀血在皮肌。补中益精，坚筋骨，强志
意。久服轻身耐老，酿酒饮，治风痹四肢挛急，延年不死，仙经药也。
杜仲 味辛、甘，气平、温。气味俱薄，阳也。无毒。（恶蛇蜕、玄参。凡用炒去丝。）
主腰脊痛，补中益精气。坚筋骨，强志。除阴下湿痒，小便遗沥，脚中酸疼，不欲践地。久服
轻身耐老。
南藤 （即丁公藤，生根据南树故云。）味辛，气温。无毒，主风血，补虚老，起阳，强
腰脚，除痹。逐冷气，排风邪。煮汁服，亦酒浸，冬月用之。
石南 味辛、苦，气平。有毒。（五加皮为之使。二月四月采叶，八月采实荫干。）主香
肾气，内伤阴衰，利筋骨皮毛。疗脚弱，五脏邪气，除热。女子不可久服，令思男。实杀虫毒，
破积聚，逐风痹。
女贞实 味苦、甘，气平。无毒。（立冬采叶，似冬青树。或云即冬青也。）主补中，安
五脏，养精神，除百疾。久服肥
健，轻身不老。
桑根白皮 味甘、辛，气温。无毒。入手太阴经。（续断、桂心、麻子为之使。恶铁及
铅。东行者为佳。出土上者杀人。采无时，刮去青黄簿皮，勿令皮上涎落。入药炒用。）主伤
中，五劳六极，羸瘦，崩中脉绝，补虚益气。泻肺气有余，喘嗽唾血，虚劳客热，消痰止渴，
去肺中水气，浮肿腹满，利水道，去寸白。作线可以缝金疮，更以热鸡血涂之，唐安金藏剖腹
用此法。桑叶主除寒热，风痛出汗。煮汁服主霍乱腹痛，盐 敷治蛇虫蜈蚣咬。叶枝条细锉，水
煎浓汁可常服，疗遍体风痒，香港脚，风气拘孪，肺嗽口干，利小便，轻身聪明。桑皮中白汁主
小儿口疮及鹅口舌上生疮，得之神效。又涂金刃伤燥痛，须臾血止，更剥白皮裹之，令汁得入
疮中良。冬月用根皮，蛇咬、蜈蚣、蜘蛛毒敷之效。桑耳味甘，有毒。黑者主女子漏下赤白，
治血病、 瘕积聚、阴痛，阴阳寒热，无子。黄熟陈白者，止久泄，益气。金色者，治癖饮积
聚，腹痛金疮。桑椹曝干为末，蜜和丸服，主消渴。治金石发热，久服不饥，变白不老。取黑
者一斤，和蝌蚪子一斤，瓶盛封闭，悬屋东头一百日，化为黑泥，染白发如漆。又取二七枚和
胡桃脂研如泥，拔去白发，点孔中即生黑。
桑上寄生 味苦、甘，气平。无毒。（桑木气浓生意浓，无采捋者，自然生出，采茎叶阴干。
凡桷、榉、柳、枫等上皆有寄生，唯桑上者佳，假乘之气耳。）主腰痛，小儿背强，痒肿安胎。
充肌肤，坚发齿，长须眉。主金疮，去痹。女子崩中不足，怀妊漏血不止，产后余疾，下乳汁。
其实明目轻身，久服通神。
南烛枝叶 味苦、气平。无毒。（南方谓之黑饭树。）主止泄，除睡，强筋益气力。
久服轻身，长年不饥，变白去老。取茎叶捣碎渍汁，浸糯米九浸九蒸九曝，米粒正黑，袋盛之可
Gui (Cinnamon Twig): Sweet and acrid in flavor, extremely hot in nature. Slightly toxic. Enters the Hand Shaoyin Meridian. Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) enters the Foot Taiyin Meridian. (Avoid raw green onions. Harvested from Guiyang, the bark is dried in shade. When used, scrape off the rough outer bark.) Primarily warms the middle jiao, benefits the lung and liver qi, treats cold pain in the heart and abdomen, cholera with muscle cramps, headache and backache due to wind-cold, and promotes sweating. Stops drooling, coughing, and nasal discharge. Can induce abortion, unblocks blood vessels, resolves blood stasis, and strengthens bone joints. Treats wind-bi syndrome, bone spasms, and soft legs; acts as a guide for other herbs without fear of incompatibility; kills plant and grass toxins.
Mu Gui (Mossy Cinnamon): Acrid in flavor, warm in nature. Non-toxic. (Grows in mountain valleys of the South Sea.) Primarily treats rising qi, cough with reversed qi and stagnation, throat obstruction with difficulty in inhalation and exhalation, benefits joints, and tonifies the middle and supplements qi. Long-term use enhances spiritual clarity, lightens the body, and prevents aging.
Jun Gui (True Cinnamon): Acrid in flavor, warm in nature. Non-toxic. (Grows in mountain valleys of Jiaozhi and Guilin, harvested at Start of Autumn, lacks woody core, straight and round like bamboo.) Primarily treats various diseases, nourishes spirit, harmonizes complexion, and acts as a pioneer messenger among all herbs. Long-term use lightens the body, prevents aging, gives the face a radiant and charming glow, keeping one looking youthful.
According to records, these three types of cinnamon originate from different places and have slightly different therapeutic effects. The common type used by the public is single cinnamon. Thin branches are called Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig), suitable for treating head and eye conditions, releasing the exterior, and dispersing wind-cold. Zhang Zhongjing used Guizhi to rescue the exterior, not to stop sweat, but because external wind-pathogen causes spontaneous sweating. Guizhi warms the Ying and Wei levels to expel the pathogen; once the pathogen is gone, the exterior becomes secure and sweating stops naturally, which aligns with the principle of acrid-sweet dispersion. Later practitioners using cinnamon to stop sweating deviated from the classic intent. Thick and solid trunks are called Rougui (Cinnamon Bark), suitable for treating internal organs, tonifying kidney qi, and warming lower jiao cold. For abdominal pain in the lower region during autumn and winter, this herb is essential. Scraping off the thick outer bark reveals the inner part called Guixin (Cinnamon Heart). Tender small branches are also called Guixin. Flavor is mild, especially suitable for upper jiao formulas and meridians running horizontally to the arms. Although cinnamon has slight toxicity, it transforms according to its partners. With Huangqin (Scutellaria Root) and Huanglian (Coptis Rhizome) as guides, its slight toxicity is neutralized. With Wuzhi (Aconite) and Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Child Root), it fully expresses its hot nature. In winter, combined with Renshen (Ginseng Root), Maidong (Ophiopogon Tuber), and Gancao (Licorice Root), it regulates the middle, supplements qi, protects Ying, and secures Wei. For wind-type headache that precedes cloudy or rainy weather: (One liang of Guixin powder mixed with wine into a paste, applied to the crown and forehead corners is effective.) For spitting blood or hematemesis: (Guixin powder mixed with water, taken in a square-inch measure.) For stroke with loss of voice and cold extremities: (Take one liang, boil in three sheng of water until one sheng remains, drink completely to induce sweating.)
Huai Shi (Sophora Fruit): Bitter, sour, and salty in flavor, cold in nature. Non-toxic. (Jingtian (Sedum aizoon) acts as its guide. Harvested on the first Si day of the tenth lunar month.) Primarily treats heat from evil qi in the five viscera, stops saliva and sputum, repairs severe injuries. Treats five types of hemorrhoids, fire sores, breast masses in women, acute pain in the uterus, and can induce abortion or facilitate delivery. Swallowing seven grains treats genital sores and itching in men and women, and itching/pain at the vaginal opening. Long-term use brightens eyes, supplements brain, benefits qi, prevents hair whitening, and prolongs life.
Huai Zhi (Sophora Branch): Washes sores and scrotal dampness/itching. Spring tender branches are forged into black ash to brush teeth and remove parasites. Huai Baipi (Sophora Bark) is bitter, primarily treats facial paralysis due to wind-stroke, boiled in wine and taken. Decoction washes five hemorrhoids, male yin hernia and testicular swelling, female vaginal itching/pain, and pediatric convulsions with high fever. Stems and leaves are similar. Also treats all malignant sores, ulcerating sores, scabies, and tinea. Boiled into ointment, it stops pain, promotes flesh growth, and reduces carbuncles. Juice held in mouth treats oral and dental wind-cancre. Huai Hua (Sophora Flower) is bitter, cools large intestine heat. Treats five hemorrhoids, heart pain, red eyes, kills abdominal parasites and heat. Treats skin wind, intestinal wind with bloody diarrhea, and dysentery with white/red discharge; all stir-fried before use. Huai Jiao (Sophora Gum) treats all wind conditions, resolves phlegm-fluid, acute mouth lock, or tetanus; can be made into decoctions, powders, pills, or extracts, mixed with other herbs, or boiled with other herbs to make pills.
Bai Shi (Plum Yew Seed): Sweet and acrid in flavor, neutral in nature. Non-toxic. (Muli (Oyster Shell) and Gui act as its guides. Dreads Chrysanthemum, Rumex, various stones, and yeast. Lightly stir-fry before use. Flat-leaved variety is named Ce Bai (Flat-leaved Cypress).) Primarily treats palpitations, calms the five viscera, benefits qi and blood. Removes wind-damp-bi, treats恍惚 (trance-like state) and deficiency with joint pain, heavy pain in waist, cold in waist/kidneys; a herb that moistens kidney dryness. Removes head wind, stimulates sexual function. Long-term use makes skin lustrous and beautiful, ears and eyes sharp, prevents hunger and aging, lightens body, and prolongs life. Bai Ye (Cypress Leaf) is particularly good, bitter and astringent, slightly warm. Harvested seasonally according to formula, dried in shade. Primarily treats hematemesis, epistaxis, bloody dysentery, metrorrhagia with white/red discharge, hematuria. Lightens body, benefits qi, enables tolerance to cold/heat, removes wind-damp-bi. This is an important yin-tonifying herb. Nature is drying; long-term use greatly benefits spleen and astringes lung. Powder mixed with oil applied externally promotes hair growth. Roasted for frostbite. Bai Baipi (Cypress Bark) treats fire-burned ulcerating sores, promotes hair growth. For severe wind disease with eyebrow/hair loss: (Nine steamings and nine sun-dryings of leaves, pounded to powder, honey-pilled size of paulownia seeds, taken three times daily and once at night with cooked water, five or ten pills; hair regenerates in 100 days.) For men, women, and children with parasitic dysentery, large abdomen with black stool like tea dregs, or pus/blood like sediment: (Dry leaves over fire, powder, decoct with Huanglian (Coptis Rhizome) juice, take for special effect.)
Song Zhi (Pine Resin): Bitter and sweet in flavor, warm in nature. Non-toxic. (Harvested in June, transparent like frankincense is best.) Primarily treats malignant ulcers, scalp sores with alopecia, scabies and wind-rash, kills insects in wounds (apply a little to bite, insect dies). Applied to sores with pus/blood, generates flesh, stops pain, draws out wind. Refined until white as jade. Calms five viscera, removes heat, clears latent heat in stomach. Treats dry throat, thirst, wind-bi with necrotic muscle, joint wind, leprosy with aversion to wind. Long-term use lightens body, prevents aging, and prolongs life. Song Shi (Pine Nut) treats emaciation and shortness of breath, supplements deficiencies. Song Ye (Pine Needle) is bitter and astringent, treats wind-damp sores, generates hair, calms five viscera, stabilizes middle, prevents hunger and aging. Cut like millet, take one square-inch measure, three times daily. Expels plague, eliminates malignant diseases. Take many green needles, pound, soak in wine for seven days, drink wine. Treats gouty bi syndrome unable to walk, and various joint winds. Song Jie (Pine Joint) is warm, treats chronic wind in all joints, wind-deficiency leg bi, weakness and pain. Dries dampness in blood, soak in wine and take. Song Gen Baipi (Pine Root Bark) is bitter and warm, treats grain avoidance without hunger, supplements labor and benefits qi. Song Hua (Pine Flower) gathered like cattail pollen, long-term use lightens body and prevents disease.
Fu Ling (Poria): Sweet and bland in flavor, neutral in nature. Yang in nature. Non-toxic. Enters Hand Taiyin, Foot Taiyang, and Shaoyang. Red variety enters Foot Taiyin, Hand Shaoyang, and Shaoyin. (Dreads Bailian (Belamcanda Bulb). Feared by Muli (Oyster Shell), Diyü (Sanguisorba Root), Xionghuang (Realgar), Qinjiao (Gentiana Macrophylla Root), and Guijia (Tortoise Shell). Avoid vinegar and sour foods. Formed from residual qi of pine. Dried in shade; red veins inside damage eyes, must be removed by users.) Primarily treats rebellious qi in chest/hypochondrium, worry/anger, fright, terror, palpitations, knotting pain below heart, alternating chills/fever, fullness, cough/reversal. Dry mouth/tongue, promotes urination. Edema, stranguria with accumulation, phlegm-water in diaphragm, lung abscess with phlegm congestion. Regulates stomach qi, attacks kidney evil, descends lung fire, benefits qi/strength, preserves spirit and stabilizes middle. Long-term use calms soul, nourishes spirit, prevents hunger, prolongs life. Bland opens orifices, sweet assists yang; sage herb for removing dampness and moving water. White variety tonifies, red variety drains. Red variety also breaks stagnant qi; not suitable for those with frequent urination, excessive sweating, or yin deficiency. Those embracing roots are called Fu Shen (Poria with Pine Root), primarily ward off misfortune. Treats wind-dizziness, wind-deficiency, five labors with dry mouth, stops palpitations, anger/fright/convulsions, and forgetfulness. Opens mind, benefits wisdom, calms soul/spirit, nourishes spirit, supplements labor/fatigue. Also treats urgent pain and hardness/fullness below heart. Added for deficient persons with poor small intestine function.
Hu Po (Amber): Sweet in flavor, neutral in nature. Yang in nature. Non-toxic. (Transformed from pine resin; true amber holds grass when rubbed by hand due to static electricity.) Primarily calms five viscera, stabilizes soul/spirit, kills spirits and evil ghosts. Treats gu poison, promotes urination, unblocks five strangurias, brightens eyes and removes nebula, stops heart pain, breaks mass/stagnant blood, postpartum blood vertigo, stops bleeding, generates flesh, heals metal wounds.
Danxi said: "It promotes urination by drying spleen earth effectively. If blood is scant and urination is difficult, it instead causes dryness and urgency." Both Poria and Amber originate from pine but differ in endowment. Poria forms in yin; Amber forms in yang but completes in yin; thus both treat Ying level, calm heart, and promote water metabolism.
Gou Qi (Goji Berry): Bitter in flavor, cold in nature. Root is extremely cold, fruit is slightly cold. Non-toxic. (Root harvested in winter, leaves in spring/summer, stems/fruits in autumn, dried in shade.) Primarily treats evil qi in five viscera, heat in middle with thirst, same as bi syndrome. Supplements internal injury from great labor, strengthens yin, benefits essence. Removes wind between skin/bone joints, kidney wind. Red/painful eyes, wind-itch with cataract membrane. Long-term use strengthens bones/tendons, lightens body, prevents aging, brightens eyes. Use for blood deficiency.
Suan Zao (Jujube Seed): Sour in flavor, neutral in nature. Non-toxic. (Dreads Fangji (Aristolochia Root). Harvest fruits in August, dry in shade for forty days.) Primarily treats cold/heat in heart/abdomen, evil qi accumulation, soreness/pain in limbs with damp-bi, wind in sinews/bones. Pain above/below umbilicus, heart deficiency with vexation, tremors/palpitations, insomnia. Calms mind,收敛 (astringes) deficient sweat, stops vexation/thirst. Tonifies middle, benefits liver qi, strengthens bones/tendons, assists yin qi. Long-term use calms five viscera, lightens body, prolongs life. Also said: Gallbladder excess causes excessive sleep (heat); use raw, mixed with tea leaf and ginger juice. Gallbladder deficiency causes insomnia (cold); stir-fry熟 (cook thoroughly), mixed with Bamboo Leaf decoction.
Zhi Zi (Gardenia Fruit): Bitter in flavor, cold in nature. Thin flavor, yang within yin. Non-toxic. Enters Hand Taiyin Meridian. (Seven-edged variety is good, stir-fry before use.) Primarily treats evil qi in five viscera, heat in stomach, red face, alcohol-induced rhinitis, white/red leprosy sores, red/hot painful eyes, bloody dysentery with toxic heat, dark/scanty painful urination. Treats damp-heat jaundice, add Yinchen (Artemisia Capillaris Herb) and Dou Chi (Fermented Soybean). Treats vomiting, add Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger) and Chenpi (Tangerine Peel). Treats chronic heart/abdominal pain, add Shengjiang Zhi (Fresh Ginger Juice). Excellent at removing guest heat in heart, deficiency vexation with insomnia, tossing/turning, heart remorse. Also treats recurrence after major illness, after loss of blood/fluids, lack of nourishment in viscera, internal deficiency heat; only this herb can remove it. Also bends downward to descend fire, excellent at opening fire in stagnant heat masses; used in Danxi's Six Stagnation Formula. Light and floating resembling lung, red color resembling fire, thus treats upper portion, drains lung fire. Use kernel to remove heart/chest heat; use peel to remove muscle/surface heat.
Bo Mu (Phellodendron / Huang Bo): Bitter and slightly acrid, cold in nature. Yang within yin, descending. Non-toxic. Herb of Foot Shaoyin Meridian, guiding herb for Foot Taiyang. (Dreads Ganqi (Dried Lacquer). Harvest tight, thick, fresh yellow ones in Feb/May. Raw use: soak in honey water, dry, coat with honey, slow-roast until honey turns red is best.) Primarily treats knotted heat in five viscera/intestines/stomach, jaundice, intestinal hemorrhoids, stops dysentery. Women's leukorrhea with red/white discharge, yin erosion sores, male penile sores: boil juice to wash, sprinkle powder to apply. Honey-roasted powder treats mouth sores. Also said: Paired with Xixin (Asarum Root) has miraculous effect for mouth sores. Tonifies kidney water/bladder insufficiency, all flaccidity/coldness with weak legs/knees, paralysis; essential herb. Strengthens kidney, drains bladder heat, clears urine, descends ministerial fire, treats bone-steaming consumption, impotence. Cleanses liver, brightens eyes, nose redness, hematemesis, hematochezia. Treats ascariasis heart pain, deficiency hiccups with worm expulsion, small intestine deficiency pain. Long-term use enhances spirit. Root named Tan Huan, forms lumps like Poria, treats hundred diseases of heart/abdomen, calms soul/spirit, prevents hunger/thirst. Long-term use lightens body, prolongs life, enhances spirit. Heart/spleen heat, tongue/cheek sores: (Honey-roasted with Qingdai (Indigo Naturalis) one part, powder, add Longnao (Borneol) one character, grind evenly, apply to sores; saliva will spit out immediately.)
Zhu Ye (Bamboo Leaf): Bitter and sweet, neutral and cold. Slight yang within yin. Non-toxic. (Zhu (Bamboo) and Dan Zhu (Light Bamboo) are superior, Ku Zhu (Bitter Bamboo) secondary, others not medicinal.) Primarily treats cough/reversed qi, tendon spasm, malignant sores. Kills small insects, cools heart meridian, removes vexation/heat, wind-spasm, throat obstruction, vomiting. Root decoction benefits qi, stops thirst, tonifies deficiency, descends qi, detoxifies. Juice treats wind-spasm. Fruit connects to spirit, lightens body, benefits qi. (Other says: Bamboo fruit large as chicken egg, leaves wrapped layer by layer, sweet taste surpassing honey, food of phoenix. Current fruit like wheat seed is not this.) Dan Zhu Ye (Light Bamboo Leaf) is acrid and sweet, cold. Primarily treats phlegm-heat in chest, cough/reversed qi, hematemesis with toxic wind, suppresses mineral drug toxicity, stops thirst. Shao Li (Bamboo Distillate) is sweet, mild nature. Treats sudden stroke, loss of voice, wind-bi, chest heat/manic restlessness, high fever/headache/head wind, pregnant woman with dizziness/fainting. Calms fetus, treats fetal irritability. Removes high fever in yin-deficient persons, resolves deficiency phlegm; suitable for phlegm-excess persons and qi-deficient persons with poor appetite. Also phlegm in four limbs cannot be opened without this. Stops palpitations, plague confusion, pediatric convulsions/tetanus. Stems and leaves used together. Zhu Pi (Bamboo Skin) and Zhu Ru (Bamboo Shavings) are bitter, slightly cold. Primarily treats vomiting, dysphagia, warm qi with chills/fever, hematemesis/epistaxis, metrorrhagia with tendon spasm. Ku Zhu Ye (Bitter Bamboo Leaf) and distillate treat mouth sores, red/painful eyes, brighten eyes, benefit nine orifices. Treats insomnia, resolves alcohol toxicity, drains heat congestion, making distillate has same function as Light Bamboo. Bleeding from gums: (Four liang Ku Zhu Ru soaked in vinegar overnight, hold in mouth. Or: Boil Zhu Ye with little salt, hold in mouth.) Sudden unknown malignant sores: (Burn Ku Zhu Ye mixed with egg yolk, apply.) Pregnancy miscarriage threat or pain: (Drink Dan Zhu Li (Light Bamboo Distillate), or roast four liang Zhu Ru, decoct in wine; root juice is also good.) Firecrackers ward off evil qi. (House haunted by mountain demon, tiles won't break open, doors/windows uneasy, prayers ineffective. Later taught to set off dozens of firecrackers in courtyard day and night; by dawn silence returns, haunting stops.)
Chu Shi (Paper Mulberry Fruit): Sweet in flavor, cold in nature. Non-toxic. (Take central seeds, sun-dry for forty days.) Primarily treats impotence, edema, benefits qi, supplements deficiency/labor. Assists waist/knees, fills flesh, brightens eyes. Long-term use prevents hunger, prevents aging, lightens body. Leaves treat pediatric body heat, poor appetite, generate flesh, can be made into bath decoction. Also treats malignant sores generating flesh. Nosebleed not stopping: Pound juice, drink three sheng, continue drinking until stopped, later nosebleed heals. Also treats water retention: Roast dry to powder, mix with Wu Mei (Dark Plum) decoction, take twice daily. Bark drives water, promotes urination. Can make paper; paper ash mixed with wine stops blood vertigo, metrorrhagia, metal wound bleeding. White juice between bark treats tinea, applies to snake/insect/wasp/dog bites.
Shan Zhu Yu (Cornus Fruit): Sour and astringent, neutral and slightly warm. Non-toxic. Enters Foot Jueyin and Shaoyin Meridians. (Liaoshi (Polygonum Multiflorum Fruit) acts as guide. Dreads Jiegeng (Platycodon Root), Fangfeng (Saposhnikovia Root), Fangji (Aristolochia Root). Dried in shade, remove core before use.) Primarily treats evil qi under heart with cold/heat, warms middle, drives cold-damp-bi. Removes three parasites, tonifies kidney qi, stimulates sexual function, strengthens/grows penis, adds essence/marrow, secures essence. Stops urination, warms/benefits waist/knees, treats tinnitus. Stops irregular menstruation in women, involuntary urination in elderly. Long-term use lightens body, brightens eyes, strengthens power, prolongs life. Core can astringe essence.
Wu Jia Pi (Acanthopanax Bark): Acrid and bitter. Warm and slightly cold. Non-toxic. (Yuanzhi (Polygala Root) acts as guide. Feared by Snake Skin and Xuanshen (Scrophularia Root). Harvest stems in May/July, roots in October, dry in shade.) Primarily treats heart/abdominal hernia pain, benefits qi, treats lameness, pediatric inability to walk. Ulcer sores with yin erosion, male impotence with scrotal dampness, dribbling urination. Female vaginal itching, back pain; leg bi pain, wind weakness with five slackness. Treats chronic blood stasis in skin/muscle. Tonifies middle, benefits essence, strengthens bones/tendons, strengthens will. Long-term use lightens body, resists aging; brew in wine to drink, treats wind-bi with limb spasms, prolongs life, immortal scripture herb.
Du Zhong (Eucommia Bark): Acrid and sweet, neutral and warm. Thin flavor and qi, Yang in nature. Non-toxic. (Dreads Shed Snake Skin and Xuanshen. Stir-fry to remove silk fibers before use.) Primarily treats waist/spine pain, tonifies middle, benefits essence/qi. Strengthens bones/tendons, strengthens will. Removes dampness/itching in yin, dribbling urination, leg soreness, unwillingness to step on ground. Long-term use lightens body, resists aging.
Nan Teng (Southern Vine / Ding Gong Teng): Acrid in flavor, warm in nature. Non-toxic. Primarily treats wind-blood, supplements deficiency/elderly, raises yang, strengthens waist/legs, removes bi. Drives cold qi, expels wind-pathogen. Decoct juice to drink, or soak in wine, use in winter.
Shi Nan (Rhododendron Leaf): Acrid and bitter, neutral in nature. Toxic. (Wu Jia Pi acts as guide. Harvest leaves in Feb/April, fruits in Aug, shade-dry.) Primarily benefits kidney qi, internal injury with yin decline, benefits sinews/bones/skin/hair. Treats leg weakness, evil qi in five viscera, removes heat. Women should not take long-term, causes desire for men. Fruit kills parasites/toxins, breaks accumulations, drives wind-bi.
Nu Zhen Shi (Ligustrum Fruit): Bitter and sweet, neutral in nature. Non-toxic. (Harvest leaves at Start of Winter, resembles Ligustrum tree. Or said to be Ligustrum itself.) Primarily tonifies middle, calms five viscera, nourishes spirit, removes hundred diseases. Long-term use makes fat/strong, lightens body, prevents aging.
Sang Gen Bai Pi (Mulberry Root Bark): Sweet and acrid, warm in nature. Non-toxic. Enters Hand Taiyin Meridian. (Xuduan (Dipsacus Root), Guixin (Cinnamon Heart), Maziren (Hemp Seed) act as guides. Dreads Iron and Lead. East-growing is best. Those growing upwards kill humans. Harvest anytime, scrape off green/yellow thin bark, do not let slime fall. Stir-fry before use.) Primarily treats injury to middle, five labors and six extremes, emaciation, metrorrhagia with pulse disappearance, supplements deficiency/benefits qi. Drains excess lung qi, wheezing/cough with spitting blood, deficiency labor with guest heat, resolves phlegm/stops thirst, removes lung water/qi, edema/abdominal fullness, promotes water pathways, removes Ascaris. Can be made into thread to suture metal wounds, smear with hot chicken blood; Tang An Jinzang used this method for abdominal incision. Sang Ye (Mulberry Leaf) primarily removes chills/fever, wind-pain with sweating. Decoct juice to drink for cholera abdominal pain, salt compress for snake/insect/centipede bites. Leaves/branches finely chopped, strong decoction can be taken often, treats generalized wind-itch, gouty bi, wind-stiffness, lung cough with dry mouth, promotes urination, lightens body, improves hearing/vision. White juice in Sang Pi treats pediatric mouth sores and thrush on tongue, obtains divine effect. Also smears metal/cutting wound dryness/pain, stops bleeding quickly, then wrap with white bark to let juice enter wound, good. Winter use root bark, applies to snake/centipede/spider bites with effect. Sang Er (Mulberry Mushroom) is sweet, toxic. Black variety treats women's leukorrhea with red/white, treats blood diseases, masses, yin pain, yin-yang cold/heat, infertility. Yellow-ripe aged white variety stops chronic diarrhea, benefits qi. Gold-colored variety treats phlegm-fluid accumulation, abdominal pain, metal wounds. Sang Shen (Mulberry Fruit) sun-dried to powder, mixed with honey into pills, treats thirst. Treats mineral/stone fever, long-term use prevents hunger, turns white/prevents aging. Take one jin black berries, mix with one jin tadpoles, seal in bottle, hang east of house for 100 days, turns to black mud, dyes white hair black as lacquer. Also take fourteen berries, mix with walnut grease, pound to paste, pluck white hair, apply to hole, black hair grows immediately.
Sang Shang Ji Sheng (Mistletoe on Mulberry): Bitter and sweet, neutral in nature. Non-toxic. (Mulberry wood has strong qi and vitality; where not picked, it grows naturally, harvest stems/leaves, dry in shade. Parasites exist on Jue, Ju, Willow, Maple etc., but Mulberry Mistletoe is best, borrowing qi.) Primarily treats waist pain, pediatric back stiffness, itching/swelling, calms fetus. Fills flesh, strengthens hair/teeth, grows beard/eyebrows. Treats metal wounds, removes bi. Women's metrorrhagia deficiency, continuous bleeding during pregnancy, postpartum residual diseases, promotes lactation. Its fruit brightens eyes, lightens body, long-term use enhances spirit.
Nan Zhu Zhi Ye (Nanzhu Stem/Leaf): Bitter, neutral in nature. Non-toxic. (Called Black Rice Tree in South.) Primarily stops diarrhea, removes sleepiness, strengthens sinews/benefits qi. Long-term use lightens body, long life without hunger, turns white/removes old age. Take stems/leaves, pound, soak juice, soak glutinous rice nine times soak/steam/dry, rice turns black, store in bag, can