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Dong Kui Zi (Semen Malvae): Sweet in taste, cold in nature. Its property is slippery and unblocking. Non-toxic. (Huang Qin [Scutellariae Radix] acts as a guiding herb. This refers to the seeds of Malva verticillata sown in autumn, covered for nourishment, overwintering until spring.) It primarily treats cold-heat conditions and emaciation of the five zang and six fu organs, five types of strangury (Wu Long), and promotes urination. It treats breast abscesses in women and promotes lactation. Long-term consumption strengthens bones, builds muscle, lightens the body, and prolongs life. For difficult labor, take 1-2 he (a unit of measure), crush it, decoct with water, and drink. For carbuncles not yet ulcerated, swallow 3-5 grains with water; pus will form and drain. The root treats malignant sores, strangury, and promotes urination; it is suitable for those taking Dan Shi (mineral pills).

Shu Kui (Althaea rosea): Sweet in taste, cold in nature. Yin within Yang. Non-toxic. (Roots and stems are used in medicine; roots and flowers are dried in shade.) It treats external heat pathogens, promotes urination. It treats malignant sores and leukorrhea, dispersing pus, blood, and foul discharge. Boiling and eating it treats fever and stagnation caused by mineral pills. Leaves burned to ash are applied to metal wounds; crushed leaves are applied to burns. Roasted leaves fed to children treat dysentery caused by heat toxins and various "Dan" dysenteries; juice can also be drunk. Flowers treat strangury with difficulty, edema, induce labor, abort fetuses, and treat all sores, scabies, and infantile wind rashes. Flowers come in five colors: red ones treat bloody leukorrhea, white ones treat non-bloody leukorrhea; taken on an empty stomach with wine, 2 qian bi of powder. Red treats blood dryness, white treats qi dryness; additionally, white ones treat phlegm-malaria.

Huang Shu Kui Hua (Flower of Yellow Hollyhock): (A different species from Shu Kui; sprouts in spring with pointed, narrow, lobed leaves; blooms pale yellow in late summer; harvested and sun-dried.) It treats strangury and induces labor; it is also a key herb for sore patients, treating various malignant sores with purulent discharge that do not heal for a long time; powdered and applied externally, it heals. Seeds induce labor; at delivery, take 49 grains or 2-3 qian, stir-fry, powder, and mix with warm water to drink.

Jia Fu Gen (Radish Root): (Commonly known as Luobo.) Pungent and sweet in taste, neutral in temperature. Non-toxic. (Avoid consuming with Di Huang [Rehmanniae Radix] and He Shou Wu [Polygoni Multiflori Radix], as it causes hair whitening.) It primarily descends qi, resolves food stagnation, and eliminates phlegm-pi accumulation. It treats cough, resolves facial toxins. Raw juice treats xiao ke (wasting-thirst syndrome). It treats fei wei (lung flaccidity), stops bleeding, and resolves blood stasis. *Yan Yi* states: Ginger disperses qi, while Radish descends qi. Seeds treat wheezing and cough, descend qi, and digest food. Water-grinded seeds induce vomiting of wind-phlegm. Vinegar-grinded paste reduces swelling and toxicity.

Wu Qing (Brassica rapa var. trichosperma): Bitter in taste, warm in temperature. Non-toxic. It primarily benefits the five zang organs. It lightens the body, tonifies qi, and digests food. It can be eaten long-term to make one fat and strong; it is the most beneficial among vegetables. In the past, Zhuge Liang ordered soldiers to plant it exclusively due to its great benefit; people in San Shu and Jiangling today call it Zhuge Cai. Roots treat wasting-thirst; applied externally to hot-toxic wind swellings. Seeds brighten the eyes.

Jie (Mustard): Pungent in taste, warm in temperature. Non-toxic. Enters the nose meridian. It primarily removes kidney pathogenic qi, benefits the nine orifices, brightens eyes and ears, harmonizes the middle jiao, and warms the middle with long-term use. It is also said that excessive consumption moves qi. Seeds treat wind-swelling and toxicity and numbness; applied externally with vinegar grind. For traumatic blood stasis, lower back pain, and cold kidneys, mix with ginger, grind slightly warm, and apply. For heart pain, take with wine and vinegar.

Bai Jie (White Mustard): Pungent in taste, warm in temperature. Non-toxic. It treats cold qi. Seeds are applied externally for She Gong (poisonous insect/miasma) and Zhu Qi (chronic infectious disease), upper qi sweating, chest/diaphragm cold-phlegm with blue complexion. Zhu Danxi stated: Phlegm in the skin and fascia cannot reach without this herb. It also treats wandering swellings and various toxicities; powdered and mixed with pig bile into a paste, applied externally, changed three times daily.

Xian Shi (Amaranth Seed): Sweet in taste, cold in nature. Non-toxic. (Avoid eating with soft-shelled turtle; if chopped turtle meat is placed with amaranth in a damp place, it transforms into live turtles.) It treats green blindness and white nebula, brightens eyes, and removes pathogens. Promotes bowel and bladder movements, removes cold-heat, kills roundworms. Long-term consumption tonifies qi and strength, prevents hunger, and lightens the body.

Ma Chi Xian (Portulaca Oleracea): Sour in taste, cold in nature. Slippery property. Non-toxic. (Use small leaves. Mercury-like substance exists between nodes; stems and nodes are not used in medicine.) It treats blindness and white nebula, promotes bowel/bladder movements, stops bloody/non-bloody dysentery. Removes cold-heat, kills various worms, stops thirst, breaks stagnation, treats carbuncles; long-term use keeps hair black. Mixed with comb dirt, applied to furuncles. Burned to ash, mixed with aged vinegar dregs; after moxibustion on the furuncle, seal it to drain roots; also effective for chickenpox sores. Raw juice treated internally expels foul matter, removes white worms, and treats gan dysentery. It treats thirty-six types of wind-stagnation sores; boiled in a pot, clarified, mixed with 3 liang of wax, and cooked into a ointment. Can also treat bald wet tinea, stick wounds, and chronic malignant sores. Seeds brighten eyes, treat green blindness and white mist; powdered, mixed with scallion and soybean porridge, and eaten.

Ku Ju (Lactuca Scariola): Bitter in taste, neutral in temperature. (Do not eat with blood products, as it causes hemorrhoids.) It primarily removes yellow discoloration from face, eyes, and under the tongue. Break stem to extract white juice, apply to furuncles to draw out roots. Soaking boils causes immediate ulceration. Crushed stems/leaves apply to snake bites. Roots treat bloody/non-bloody dysentery and bone-steaming tidal fever; decoct and drink.

Qi (Shepherd's Purse): Sweet in taste, warm in temperature. Non-toxic. It primarily benefits liver qi and harmonizes the middle. Its fruit is named Xi Ming Zi, which brightens eyes, treats sudden red painful eyes, and removes cataracts; root juice applied to eyes is also effective. Roots and leaves burned to ash treat bloody/non-bloody dysentery.

Wang Gua (Trichosanthes Cucumerina): Bitter in taste, cold in nature. Non-toxic. (Refers to Wang Gua mentioned in *Yue Ling*. Harvested in March, dried in shade.) Treats wasting-thirst, internal obstruction, blood stasis amenorrhea, cold-heat and acid pain, tonifies qi, cures deafness, treats various pathogenic heat stagnations, shu lou (scrofula), disperses boil swelling and retained blood, stops frequent urination and incontinence. Seeds moisten lungs and heart, treat lung flaccidity hematemesis, intestinal wind bleeding, bloody/non-bloody dysentery; stir-fried before use. Gu Du (parasitic poisoning): Juice mixed with wine induces vomiting/purging. Promotes lactation; powdered, taken with wine, 1 qian, three times daily. Jaundice/Black Jaundice: 6 he of root juice taken at once; yellow water should pass with urine; repeat if not healed.

Gua Di (Melon Stalk): (The stalk of the melon.) Bitter in taste, cold in nature. Toxic. (Harvested on July 7th, dried in shade. Remove melon skin, use only the stalk about half cun.) Treats severe edema, swelling of face/body/extremities, drains water, kills insect toxins. Treats cough with reverse qi, wind epilepsy, throat wind, sudden phlegm obstruction, and diseases in chest/abdomen from eating fruits; induces vomiting/purging. Removes nasal polyps; powdered, mixed with sheep fat, applied externally three times daily. Treats jaundice and acute severe jaundice; mixed with adzuki bean powder, insufflated into nose; yellow water flows out shortly; can also be taken orally (1 cun bi). Do not use lightly for weak stomach, post-illness, or postpartum. Contraindicated for blood loss and deficiency patterns. Flowers treat heart pain and cough with reverse qi.

Ku Hu (Bitter Gourd/Stick Gourd): Bitter in taste, cold in nature. Toxic. Treats severe edema, swelling of face/extremities, drains water, induces vomiting.

Qie Zi Gen & Ku Jing Ye (Eggplant Root & Withered Stems/Leaves): Treat frostbitten feet; soak in hot water.

Shui Qin (Celery): Sweet in taste, neutral/cold in nature. Non-toxic. Treats vaginal bleeding (Chi Wo), stops bleeding, nourishes essence, preserves blood vessels, tonifies qi, makes one fat/strong and increases appetite. Treats irritability/thirst. If dragon essence enters celery in March/August, humans eating it get Jiao Long Xia (dragon mass disease). Symptoms resemble mania, blue complexion, lower abdominal fullness/pain, resembling pregnancy. Take 2-3 jin of hard sugar, twice daily, vomit lizard-like objects.

Fan Lv (Stellaria Media): Sour in taste, neutral in nature. Non-toxic. (Harvested at noon on May 5th, dried.) Treats chronic malignant sores that do not heal; has miraculous effects. Also treats breaking blood; suitable for postpartum dental care; burn to ash or powder to brush teeth/gums. Treats strangury; take a handful, decoct with water, and drink.

Hu Sui (Coriander): Pungent in taste, warm in temperature. Slightly toxic. (Seeds used in medicine after stir-frying.) Digests food, benefits large/small intestines, unblocks lower abdomen qi, opens heart orifices. Long-term consumption damages spirit, causes forgetfulness, and triggers sour-smelling athlete's foot. Treats infantile alopecia; apply oil-fried preparation. Also treats gu poison, straight hemorrhoids, and bloody stool from meat poisoning; cold juice from decoction is drunk. For infantile measles/rash not erupting, to hasten eruption: Use 2-3 liang Hu Sui, 2 large cups of wine, boil vigorously, cover tightly to retain vapor, cool, strain, and spray gently from neck down over body (avoid face).

Liao Shi (Polygonum Fruit): Pungent in taste, warm in nature. Non-toxic. Brightens eyes, warms middle, resists wind-cold, drains water qi, treats facial/eye swelling, sores, and scrofula. Enters nose meridian, removes kidney qi. Leaves enter tongue meridian, remove large/small intestine qi, benefit middle, treat cholera with tendon contraction; decoct soup and rub feet while hot. Powder applied to infant head sores. Ma Liao removes leeches from intestines. Shui Liao paste applied to snake bites. Decoction soak/rub feet to treat athlete's foot. Frequent washing for swollen/painful feet turning into sores.

Cong Shi (Scallion Bulb): Pungent in taste, warm in nature. Non-toxic. (Scallion avoids honey.) Brightens eyes, supplements middle deficiency. Cong Bai (white part of stem) enters Taiyin Lung and Yangming Stomach meridians; can be made into soup. Treats sha han with cold-heat and sweating, wind stroke with facial swelling, throat obstruction. Calms fetus, enters eyes, removes liver pathogenic qi, benefits five zang, kills hundred drug toxins. Unblocks large/small intestines, treats cholera tendon contraction, Ben Tun Qi, athlete's foot heart/abdominal pain, and heart confusion/stupor. With roots, treats sha han headache like splitting. Stems/leaves ground with salt applied to snake/insect bites and metal wounds with water entry causing cracking/swelling. Treats earthworm poison. Generally functions by dispersing; excessive consumption clouds the mind.

Jiu (Garlic Chives): Pungent, slightly sour, warm in nature. Urgent property. Non-toxic. (Avoid honey; seeds stir-fried for medicine.) Enters Heart, calms five zang, treats stomach heat, supplements liver qi; patients can consume long-term. Raw ground juice: In winter, use roots finely drunk; very effective for sub-diaphragmatic blood stasis. Also treats wind stroke aphonia, heart/spleen pain, upper qi panting, chest/diaphragm qi stagnation, and evil qi abdominal distension; all crushed and drunk. Given to newborns to vomit foul blood, ensuring health. Dog bites, snake venom, and malignant sores: Applied externally. Excessive consumption dims vision. Jiuhuang (yellow chives grown underground) is stagnant and unsuitable. Flowers move wind when eaten. Seeds treat nocturnal emission, seminal leakage, and white urine; very effective.

Xie (Chinese Leek/Rakkyo): Pungent, bitter, warm in nature. Enters Yangming Large Intestine meridian. Non-toxic. (White parts are good; white is cold and clears heat; avoid beef.) Treats metal wounds, resolves various sores, wind-cold edema; raw crushed hot paste applied. Mixed with honey, crushed, applied to scald/burns; very effective. Benefits heart, enters bones, considered a vegetable immortal. Lightens body, prevents hunger, resists aging, removes cold-heat, drains water qi, warms middle, dissipates nodules, benefits patients. Stops chronic cold diarrhea; boiled with Huang Bai, cures bloody dysentery, cholera dry retching. Sudden chest/diaphragm pain, lung qi panting: Raw juice crushed and slowly drunk.

Hu (Garlic): Pungent, warm in nature. Belongs to Fire, toxic. (Single-clove garlic is best for medicine; harvested May 5th.) Disperses boil swelling and urgent sores, removes wind pathogens, kills toxic vapors. Strengthens stomach, digests meat, breaks cold qi, resolves pi masses, wards off plague miasma, swamp gas, gu poison, snake/insect/stream toxins. Treats heatstroke toxin, cholera tendon contraction/abdominal pain; chew rotten, swallow with warm water. For persistent epistaxis, crush and apply to sole of foot; stop then wipe off. Aged vinegar-soaked garlic is good. Strong odor, delicious when cooked into soup, mild smoke. Descends qi, warms middle, digests food, generates appetite. Long-term consumption damages liver qi, harms vision, injures lungs/spleen, draws phlegm; should be avoided. For carbuncles/back sores/malignant swelling nodes initially: Take purple-skin single-clove garlic, slice horizontally, apply thick layer to center of swelling. Moxa cone size of wutong seed, moxa on garlic, do not let it get too hot. If pain felt, lift garlic; if garlic burns, use new one. If already painful, moxa until pain stops; if not painful, moxa until pain starts. More is better; always effective. Warts also treated similarly with moxa.

Xiao Suan (Small Garlic/Shallot): Pungent, warm in nature. Slightly toxic. Enters Spleen/Kidney. Treats cholera, abdominal discomfort, digests food, regulates stomach, warms middle, removes pathogenic obstruction/toxic vapors. Hua Tuo used garlic paste to vomit foul matter; claimed to be this, or sometimes Great Garlic.

Jia Su (Schizonepeta/Jing Jie): Pungent, bitter, warm in nature. (Use flower spikes, sun-dried.) Treats cold-heat, shu lou, scrofula sores, breaks stagnation/qi accumulation, drains blood stasis, removes damp-bi. Ward off evil qi, unblock vessels, transmit to five zang. Induces sweating, relieves thirst, removes cold wind. Key herb for head wind vertigo and women's blood wind. Postpartum blood syncope: Powdered, mixed with child's urine, hot drink, 3 qian bi, miraculous effect. For locked jaw, pry teeth and pour in or insufflate nose. Postpartum wind stroke with stiff body: Powder mixed with wine. Powder mixed with vinegar seals wind-toxic furuncles.

Shui Su (Perilla Nankinensis/Ji Su): Pungent, slightly warm in nature. Non-toxic. (Harvested July.) Treats hematemesis, epistaxis, metrorrhagia, bloody dysentery, postpartum wind stroke, descends qi, eliminates bad breath, removes toxins/evil qi. Long-term consumption clarifies spirit, lightens body, resists aging.

Xiang Ru (Mosla Chinensis): Pungent, slightly warm in nature. Non-toxic. Treats cholera with abdominal pain/vomiting/diarrhea; essential for cholera treatment. Descends qi, removes vexing heat, harmonizes middle, warms stomach, treats injury/shock. Promotes urination, disperses edema, treats water retention rapidly; has thorough upper/lower action. When lungs receive it, clear transformation occurs and heat descends. Rapidly treats bad breath; halitosis is spleen depression fire overflowing to lungs, losing clear/harmonious sweetness, turbid qi rising.

Bo He (Mint): Pungent, bitter, cool/warm in nature. Non-toxic. Enters Taiyin Lung and Jueyin Liver meridians. Treats thief wind/sha han inducing sweat, unblocks joints, wind stroke head wind, infantile saliva, convulsions with high fever. As an ascending herb, it guides other herbs into Ying and Wei. Treats wind-qii congestion, descends qi, digests retained food/evil qi, chest/abdominal fullness, cholera, bone-steaming consumptive fever; juice boiled with other herbs into ointment. Do not eat for recent illness recovery; causes continuous deficiency sweating. Cats become intoxicated eating it.