【滋血润燥】 必用熟地黄（治老人虚中燥热。） 生地黄（治血热便干。） 天门冬（清金
润肺滋血止嗽。） 麦门冬（保肺滋金润燥生血，生脉，止嗽。） 栝蒌仁（润燥止嗽，滋血化痰
解消渴。） 天花粉（润燥止渴，活血利水，解毒消痈。） 阿胶（养血滋阴，保金润肺，
止嗽定喘，固经安胎尤效。） 竹叶（清金润燥，益血除烦，利水。） 梨（清火滋金，益血
润燥，止嗽止渴。） 肉苁蓉（人虚而大便燥结者用之。） 锁阳（同上。） 郁李仁（破血润燥。）
杏仁（润心肺，散结润燥。）桃仁（主血结、血燥，润大便。）柏实（润肾燥。）麻子（利小便
，润大肠，风热结燥便难，止消渴。）白油麻（润肌肤，滑肠胃。）油（滑骨髓，利二便。）大
黄（治大便结燥。） 芒硝（主久热胃闭，利大小便，润燥软坚。） 栀子（治胃中亡血亡津液
内无润养，生虚血。） 蜀葵花（赤者治赤带，白者治白带、赤者治血燥，白
治气燥。） 石蜜（养脾润燥。） 猪胆汁（润大便闭。） 绿豆（止消渴，除烦热。）
苎根（治天行热病，大渴大狂。）
《本草经》一药有数名，虽详载之，但药味品多，难为考记。且寻常日用之药，多有异名。
若非熟读本草者，亦多惑于考究也。如牛蒡子，本草名恶实；香附子，本草名莎草根；草果，本
草名草豆蔻之类是也。今直指其名，汇聚表出，庶考订者为简便云。
莎草根（即香附子。）
香子（即小茴香。）
恶实（即牛蒡子，又名大力子，又名鼠粘子。）
无实子（即没石子。）
南竹枝（即乌饭叶。）
紫葳（即凌霄花。）
牡蒙（即紫参。）
卫矛（即鬼箭草。）
莨菪子（即天仙子。）
石蜜（即樱桃。本草云牛乳砂糖煎成者。）
木蜜（即鸡巨子，一名枝枸子。）
北亭砂（即 砂。）
蚤休（即紫河车，一名金线重楼。）
伏龙肝（即灶心土。）
马鸣肝（即晚蚕砂。）
仙灵脾（即淫羊藿。）
羊踯躅（即洛羊花。）
蠡实（即马蔺花子。）
卢橘（即枇杷。）
败天公（即故箬笠。）
诃黎勒（即诃子。）
随风子（即诃子初成实风吹落地者。）
藕实（即莲子。）
石莲子（即莲子秋后晚结沉于水中者是也。）
鸡头实（即芡实子。）
芰实（即菱米。）
菰根（即茭笋。）
莱菔（即萝卜。）
薯蓣（即山药。）
佛座须（即莲花蕊。）
小草（即远志苗。）
蘼芜（即川芎叶。）
芎 （即小川芎。）
景天（即慎火草，又名挂壁青。）
半天河（即竹篱头水。）
仙人杖（即枯荀竹。）
薰陆香（即乳香之总名也。夹砂土成块者，成滴者名乳。）
鸡舌香（即丁香。）
石枣（即山茱萸。）
络石（即木馒头。）
乳石（即石蟹。）
神屋（即龟板。）
（即山楂。）
荭草（即天蓼。）
刘寄奴（即六月云。）
续随子（即千金子。）
黄精（即仙遗粮。）
山精（即苍术。）
血见愁（即夏枯草嫩苗。）
土茯苓（即土萆 。）
营实（即蔷薇子。）
龙脑香（即冰片。）
海螵蛸（即乌贼鱼骨。）
桑螵蛸（即螳螂子，生于桑枝上者为真。）
女贞实（即冬青子。）
苍耳实（即苍耳子。）
败酱（即苦麻菜。）
赤箭（即天麻茎。）
忍冬（即金银花藤。）
假苏（即荆芥。）
铛墨（即釜底煤，又名百草霜。）
骛肪（即鸭肝。）
文蛤（非五倍子虫，乃有斑纹之蛤，如贝，齿极大，有纹而光。今人用之羽纸，以其滑
书也。）
天花粉（即栝蒌根。）
地龙（即蚯蚓。）
人龙（即小儿吐出食虫小者。）
天龙（即蜈蚣。）
麒麟竭（即血竭，一名紫 。）
车鳖（即大蛤蜊。）
郁金（姜黄中之细理者。）
（即小全蝎。）
蝌蚪（即小虾蟆鱼。）
蜗牛（即负壳蜒蚰。）
水蛭（即马蝗蜞。）
衣鱼（即蠹鱼，生于书纸中及衣服中。）
莎鸡（即昨蚱蜢而飞鸣者。）
伏翼（即蝙蝠。）
蝼蛄（即土狗。细腰而善鸣，一名蟪蛄。）
虻虫（即食牛血之大蝇，如蜜蜂形是也。）
夜明砂（即蝙蝠屎。）
芦荟（非象胆，大树中之汁耳。）
蜻蚨（即蜻蜓。道术用子涂钱买物，则昼出夜归，诗人谓子母钱。）
缩砂蜜（即砂仁。）
胡粉、韶粉、定粉（俱铅粉之异名。）
胡麻（即黑芝苏，其种自胡地来也。）
茺蔚子（即益母子。一名野天麻。）
麻实（即火麻子。）
黄卷（即黄豆芽。）
补骨脂（即破故纸。）
飞廉（即漏芦。）
乌龙尾（即梁上倒挂尘。）
人中黄（即粪汁甘草。）
旋复花（即金沸草。）
鲤肠草（即旱莲草。）
大腹子（即槟榔之圆大者。）
两头尖（即南白附子两头尖样，北白附子两头圆样。）
胡桐律（非木律，乃波斯国桐树根下流汁成者。）
杜衡（即马蹄香。）
金铃子（即川楝子。）
地松（即天门精，又名活鹿草。）
草果（即草豆蔻，乃后人之便名。今世之医失考，遂谓本经无草果。）
肉果（即肉豆蔻。）
思仙木（即杜仲。方书有思仙续断丸。）
芸香（即云苔，北京香菜是也。）
芜菁（即蔓青，萝卜叶也。）
蓬□（豪即覆盆蔓，又名寒蔓子。）
威喜（即茯苓之别名。方书有威喜丸。）
[Nourishing Blood and Moistening Dryness] Must use Shu Di Huang (Prepared Rehmannia Root) (treats deficiency-heat and dryness in the elderly). Sheng Di Huang (Fresh Rehmannia Root) (treats blood-heat causing dry stool). Tian Men Dong (Asparagus Tuber) (clears Lung Metal, moistens Lungs, nourishes blood, stops cough). Mai Men Dong (Ophiopogon Tuber) (protects Lungs, nourishes Lung Metal, moistens dryness, generates blood, restores pulse, stops cough). Gua Lou Ren (Trichosanthes Seed) (moistens dryness, stops cough, nourishes blood, resolves phlegm, eliminates thirst). Tian Hua Fen (Trichosanthes Root) (moistens dryness, stops thirst, invigorates blood, promotes urination, resolves toxicity, dissipates abscesses). E Jiao (Donkey-Hide Gelatin) (nourishes blood and yin, protects and moistens Lungs, stops cough and wheezing, stabilizes menses and calms fetus, especially effective). Zhu Ye (Bamboo Leaf) (clears Lung Metal, moistens dryness, benefits blood, removes irritability, promotes urination). Li (Pear) (clears fire, nourishes Lung Metal, benefits blood, moistens dryness, stops cough and thirst). Rou Cong Rong (Cistanche Stem) (used for those with bodily deficiency and dry constipation). Suo Yang (Cynomorium Stem) (same as above). Yu Li Ren (Prunus Seeds) (breaks blood stasis, moistens dryness). Xing Ren (Apricot Seed) (moistens Heart and Lungs, disperses nodules, moistens dryness). Tao Ren (Peach Seed) (mainly treats blood stasis and blood dryness, moistens large intestine). Bai Shi (Biota Seed) (moistens Kidney dryness). Ma Zi (Hemp Seed) (promotes urination, moistens large intestine, treats difficult defecation due to wind-heat and dryness, stops thirst). Bai You Ma (White Sesame) (moistens skin, lubricates intestines and stomach). You (Oil) (lubricates marrow, promotes bowel and urinary movements). Da Huang (Rhubarb Rhizome) (treats dry constipation). Mang Xiao (Mirabilite) (treats chronic heat causing gastric closure, promotes bowel and urinary movements, moistens dryness and softens hardness). Zhi Zi (Gardenia Fruit) (treats loss of blood and body fluids in the Stomach, internal lack of nourishment leading to empty heat). Shu Jin Hua (Hibiscus Flower) (red ones treat red leukorrhea, white ones treat white leukorrhea; red ones treat blood dryness, white ones treat qi dryness). Shi Mi (Rock Sugar/Honey) (nourishes Spleen, moistens dryness). Zhu Dan Ye (Pig Bile) (moistens fecal impaction). Lu Dou (Mung Bean) (stops thirst, removes irritability and heat). Zhu Gen (Ramie Root) (treats epidemic febrile diseases, excessive thirst and mania).
The *Shennong Bencao Jing* lists multiple names for a single herb. Although recorded in detail, there are too many herbs to memorize and verify easily. Moreover, commonly used daily medicines often have alternative names. Those not well-versed in Bencao texts often find verification confusing. For example, Niu Bang Zi is named E Shi in Bencao; Xiang Fu Zi is named Sha Cao Gen; Cao Guo is named Cao Dou Kou, etc. Here, their direct names are pointed out and compiled for easier reference by researchers.
Sha Cao Gen (i.e., Xiang Fu Zi).
Xiang Zi (i.e., Xiao Hui Xiang).
E Shi (i.e., Niu Bang Zi, also known as Da Li Zi, also known as Shu Nian Zi).
Wu Shi Zi (i.e., Mei Shi Zi).
Nan Zhu Zhi (i.e., Wu Fan Ye).
Zi Wei (i.e., Ling Xiao Hua).
Mu Meng (i.e., Zi Shen).
Wei Mao (i.e., Gui Jian Cao).
Lang Dang Zi (i.e., Tian Xian Zi).
Shi Mi (i.e., Ying Tao. Bencao states that those made by decocting cow's milk and cane sugar are called Shi Mi).
Mu Mi (i.e., Ji Ju Zi, also known as Zhi Gou Zi).
Bei Ting Sha (i.e., [Missing Character] Sha).
Zao Xiu (i.e., Zi He Che, also known as Jin Xian Chong Lou).
Fu Long Gan (i.e., Zao Xin Tu).
Ma Ming Gan (i.e., Wan Can Sha).
Xian Ling Pi (i.e., Yin Yang Huo).
Yang Zhi Zhu (i.e., Luo Yang Hua).
Li Shi (i.e., Ma Lin Hua Zi).
Lu Ju (i.e., Pi Pa).
Bai Tian Gong (i.e., Gu Ruo Li).
He Li Le (i.e., He Zi).
Sui Feng Zi (i.e., He Zi that fell from the tree while still immature).
Ou Shi (i.e., Lian Zi).
Shi Lian Zi (i.e., Lian Zi that formed late in autumn and sank into the water).
Ji Tou Shi (i.e., Qian Shi Zi).
Ji Shi (i.e., Ling Mi).
Gu Gen (i.e., Jiao Sun).
Lai Fu (i.e., Luo Bo).
Shu Yu (i.e., Shan Yao).
Fo Zuo Xu (i.e., Lian Hua Rui).
Xiao Cao (i.e., Yuan Zhi Miao).
Mi Wu (i.e., Chuan Xiong Ye).
Xiong [Missing Character] (i.e., Xiao Chuan Xiong).
Jing Tian (i.e., Shen Huo Cao, also known as Gua Bi Qing).
Ban Tian He (i.e., Water accumulated on bamboo fences).
Xian Ren Zhang (i.e., Ku Xun Zhu).
Xun Lu Xiang (i.e., General name for Ru Xiang. Those mixed with sand and earth forming blocks, or dripping forms, are called Ru).
Ji She Xiang (i.e., Ding Xiang).
Shi Zao (i.e., Shan Zhu Yu).
Luo Shi (i.e., Mu Man Tou).
Ru Shi (i.e., Shi Xie).
Shen Wu (i.e., Gui Ban).
[Missing Character] (i.e., Shan Zha).
Hong Cao (i.e., Tian Liao).
Liu Ji Nu (i.e., Liu Yue Yun).
Xu Sui Zi (i.e., Qian Jin Zi).
Huang Jing (i.e., Xian Yi Liang).
Shan Jing (i.e., Cang Zhu).
Xue Jian Chou (i.e., Xia Ku Cao tender shoots).
Tu Fu Ling (i.e., Tu Bi [Missing Character]).
Ying Shi (i.e., Qiang Wei Zi).
Long Nao Xiang (i.e., Bing Pian).
Hai Piao Xiao (i.e., Ou Zei Yu Gu).
Sang Piao Xiao (i.e., Tang Lang Zi, genuine ones grow on mulberry branches).
Nv Zhen Shi (i.e., Dong Qing Zi).
Cang Er Shi (i.e., Cang Er Zi).
Bai Jiang (i.e., Ku Ma Cai).
Chi Jian (i.e., Tian Ma Jing).
Ren Dong (i.e., Jin Yin Hua Teng).
Jia Su (i.e., Jing Jie).
Chang Mo (i.e., Fu Di Mei, also known as Bai Cao Shuang).
Wu Fang (i.e., Ya Gan).
Wen Ge (Not Wubeizi insect, but a clam with patterns, shell-like, with very large teeth, smooth and patterned. Now used by people to coat paper because it makes writing smooth.)
Tian Hua Fen (i.e., Gua Lou Gen).
Di Long (i.e., Qiu Yin).
Ren Long (i.e., Small parasitic worms vomited by infants).
Tian Long (i.e., Wu Gong).
Qi Lin Jie (i.e., Xue Jie, also known as Zi [Missing Character]).
Che Die (i.e., Da Ge Li).
Yu Jin (Finer textured parts of Jiang Huang).
[Missing Character] (i.e., Xiao Quan Xie).
Ke Dou (i.e., Small Toad Fish).
Wo Niu (i.e., Snail).
Shui Zhi (i.e., Ma Huang Qi).
Yi Yu (i.e., Du Yu, found in books and clothes).
Sha Ji (i.e., Locusts that fly and chirp).
Fu Yi (i.e., Bian Fu).
Lou Gu (i.e., Tu Gou. Slender waist and good at chirping, also known as Hui Gu).
Meng Chong (i.e., Large flies that eat cow blood, shaped like bees).
Ye Ming Sha (i.e., Bat excrement).
Lu Hui (Not Elephant Gall, but sap from large trees).
Qing Fu (i.e., Qing Ting. Daoist arts use its eggs to paint coins for buying things, so they go out by day and return by night; poets call them mother-and-child money).
Suo Sha Mi (i.e., Sha Ren).
Hu Fen, Shao Fen, Ding Fen (All alternative names for Qian Fen).
Hu Ma (i.e., Hei Zhi Su, seeds coming from Hu lands).
Chong Wei Zi (i.e., Yi Mu Zi. Also known as Ye Tian Ma).
Ma Shi (i.e., Huo Ma Zi).
Huang Juan (i.e., Huang Dou Ya).
Bu Gu Zhi (i.e., Po Gu Zhi).
Fei Lian (i.e., Lou Lu).
Wu Long Wei (i.e., Dust hanging upside down from beams).
Ren Zhong Huang (i.e., Licorice soaked in human waste juice).
Xuan Fu Hua (i.e., Jin Fei Cao).
Li Chang Cao (i.e., Han Lian Cao).
Da Fu Zi (i.e., Round and large Bing Lang).
Liang Tou Jian (i.e., Nan Bai Fu Zi has two sharp ends, Bei Bai Fu Zi has two round ends).
Hu Tong Lv (Not Wood Lv, but resin flowing from the roots of Paulownia trees in Persia).
Du Heng (i.e., Ma Ti Xiang).
Jin Ling Zi (i.e., Chuan Lian Zi).
Di Song (i.e., Tian Men Jing, also known as Huo Lu Cao).
Cao Guo (i.e., Cao Dou Kou, a later convenient name. Modern doctors fail to verify this, claiming Cao Guo does not exist in the *Ben Jing*).
Rou Guo (i.e., Rou Dou Kou).
Si Xian Mu (i.e., Du Zhong. Formulas include Si Xian Xu Duan Wan).
Yun Xiang (i.e., Yun Tai, Beijing Coriander).
Wu Jing (i.e., Man Qing, Radish leaves).
Peng [Missing Character] (Hao i.e., Fu Pen Man, also known as Han Man Zi).
Wei Xi (i.e., Alternative name for Fu Ling. Formulas include Wei Xi Wan).