丹溪曰∶疟有暑有风有湿有痰有食积，久而发者为老疟，不已者为疟母。风暑之疟，多因
夏月在风凉处歇，遂闭汗不能得泄，暑舍于内，故大法当汗之。疟而恶饮食者，必自饮食上
得之，当用青皮汤之类是也。三日一发者，受病一年；间日一发者，受病半年；一日一发者，受
病一月；连发二日住一日者，气血俱病，俗名脾寒，乃因名而速其实也。苟因饮食而得之，
未必是寒，况其他乎？
《要略》曰∶疟脉自弦。弦数多热，弦迟多寒。弦而小紧者下之瘥，弦迟者宜温，弦紧者宜
发汗针灸，浮大者可吐之。弦数者风发也，以饮食消息止之。
《肺经》曰∶疟脉自弦。微则为虚，代散则死。疟脉弦大者吐之，不愈须再吐之。凡弦而大
者为疟脉。若虚濡而数者非疟也，乃阴虚证耳。每日午后恶寒发热，至晓亦得微汗而解。此皆似
疟而非疟。
疟疾多因风寒暑湿而得之，乃天之邪气所伤，当以汗解。故仲景河间悉用发表之药，但
以寒热多少，分经络而治。
傅氏云∶疟系外邪，当以汗解，或汗不得出，郁而成痰。宜养胃化痰发汗，邪气得出，自
然和也。
疟无汗，要有汗，发散邪为主，带补。有汗，要无汗，扶正气为主，带散。（无汗，以升麻、
葛根、川芎、苍术、柴胡之属；有汗，以当归、芍药、参、 、黄柏之属调之。）
Zhu Danxi stated: Malaria (Nüe) can be caused by Summerheat (Shu), Wind (Feng), Dampness (Shi), Phlegm (Tan), or Food Stagnation (Shi Ji). When it persists for a long time, it is called Old Malaria (Lao Nüe); when it forms a mass, it is called Malaria Mother (Nüe Mu). For malaria caused by Wind and Summerheat, it is often due to resting in cool places during summer, causing sweat to be closed and unable to excrete, leaving Summerheat inside. Therefore, the general principle of treatment should be diaphoresis (Han Zhi). If malaria is accompanied by aversion to food and drink, it must have originated from dietary issues, and formulas such as Qingpi Tang (Green Peel Decoction) should be used. A pattern occurring every three days indicates the disease has been present for one year; a pattern occurring every other day indicates half a year; daily occurrence indicates one month; two consecutive days of occurrence followed by one day of rest indicates that both Qi and Blood are diseased, commonly known as Spleen Cold (Pi Han), which accelerates the actual pathology based on its name. If contracted due to diet, it may not necessarily be Cold, let alone other causes.
The *Jin Gui Yao Lue* (Essential Prescriptions from the Golden Cabinet) states: The pulse of malaria is naturally wiry (Xian). A wiry and rapid (Shu) pulse indicates excess Heat; a wiry and slow (Chi) pulse indicates excess Cold. A wiry and small-tight (Xiao Jin) pulse can be treated with purgation (Xia) for recovery; a wiry and slow pulse is suitable for warming methods; a wiry and tight pulse is suitable for diaphoresis and acupuncture/moxibustion; a floating and large pulse can be treated with emesis (Tu). A wiry and rapid pulse indicates wind-induced fever, which can be stopped by adjusting diet.
The *Fei Jing* (Lung Meridian text/theory) states: The pulse of malaria is naturally wiry. A faint (Wei) pulse indicates deficiency; a intermittent (Dai) and scattered (San) pulse indicates death. For malaria with a wiry and large pulse, emesis should be used; if not cured, repeat emesis. Any wiry and large pulse is characteristic of malaria. However, a deficient, soft, damp, and rapid pulse is not malaria but rather Yin Deficiency (Yin Xu). This condition manifests as aversion to cold and fever starting in the afternoon, resolving with slight sweating by dawn. These conditions resemble malaria but are not malaria.
Malaria is mostly caused by Wind, Cold, Summerheat, and Dampness, resulting from injury by pathogenic factors of Heaven. It should be resolved through diaphoresis. Therefore, Zhang Zhongjing and Liu Hejian all use exterior-releasing herbs, differentiating treatment by meridians based on the degree of cold and heat.
Fu Shi said: Malaria is an external pathogen and should be resolved through diaphoresis. If sweat cannot be produced, stagnation leads to Phlegm. One should nourish the Stomach, resolve Phlegm, and promote diaphoresis; once the pathogen exits, harmony will naturally return. (For no sweat, use herbs such as Shengma, Gegen, Chuanxiong, Cangzhu, Chaihu; for existing sweat, regulate with herbs such as Danggui, Shaoyao, Renshen, [missing character], Huangbai.)