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The *Huangdi Neijing* (Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon) states: When the Liver pulse is small and rapid, epilepsy, convulsions (spasms), and tendon contraction occur. It also states: When the Liver pulse is faint and choppy, it indicates convulsions and tendon contraction.

When the Heart pulse is excessively rapid, it leads to convulsions. When the Spleen pulse is excessively rapid, it also leads to convulsions.

When the meridians of the Taiyang (Greater Yang) channel reach their terminal stage, symptoms include upward staring of the eyes (Daiyan), convulsions, and a pale complexion.

The *Maijing* (Pulse Classic) states: In cases of alternating cold and heat accompanied by convulsions, if the pulse is Dai (intermittent with a regular rhythm) and cut off, it is a fatal condition.

Liu Wansu (Hejian) stated: When essence and fluids are deficient, tendons and vessels fail to receive nourishment and irrigation, leading to traction and stiffness. This applies to conditions caused by the Five Excesses and Seven Injuries, characterized by frequent urination and difficult defecation; these should be treated with Modified Jianzhong Decoction (Jiajian Jianzhong Tang).

He further stated that the Kidneys generate essence and fluids, the Liver governs the tendons, and the Heart governs the vessels. When Kidney essence is abundant, it moistens and nurtures all tendons and nourishes all vessels, resulting in soft and flexible tendons and vessels. Currently, due to the deficiency of essence in the Kidneys, the tendons and vessels are pulled together causing convulsions; treatment should focus on nourishing the Kidneys to moisten them.

A thirteen-year-old boy contracted dampness from playing in water during the dog days of summer. He suffered from mental confusion, lethargy, excessive sleepiness, headache, body heat, and heavy legs and feet. A female physician used harmonizing and dispersing methods too aggressively, causing profuse sweating that soaked through his quilt. The next day, he exhibited symptoms of picking at empty air and searching for clothes. Another physician then administered Chengqi Decoction (Chengqi Tang) to purge the bowels. Subsequently, his speech gradually ceased, his limbs could not be controlled or held, his neck occasionally became stiff, and he experienced hand and foot convulsions, spasms, and contractions. His eyes looked to the left with excessive exposure of the sclera, his lip muscles twitched, his food intake decreased, and his physique became emaciated. This was due to contracting dampness followed by excessive sweating. Furthermore, human Yuan Qi (Original Qi) originates below the umbilicus, and the Moving Qi of the Kidneys circulates throughout the body, traversing the hundred vessels. Now, during the height of summer, excessive sweating led to the loss of Yang Qi, causing sluggish circulation in the hundred vessels. Consequently, the Qi of the Sanjiao (Triple Burner) could not ascend to nourish the Heart vessels, resulting in flourishing Heart Fire and scorched Lung Qi. The loss of Yang Qi resulted in the inability to speak. It is said: Yang Qi, when firm, nourishes the Shen (Spirit); when soft, it nourishes the tendons. It is also said: Those who have lost blood should not be sweated; those who have lost sweat (fluids) should not have their blood depleted. Now, excessive sweating has damaged Qi and Blood, leaving the tendons without nourishment, hence the convulsions and spasms. Treatment should aim to benefit the source of Water and tonify the ascending and generating Qi. Renqi Yiqi Decoction (Renshen Yiqi Tang) should be used. The Classics state: For excess Heat, treat with Sweet-Cold methods and use Sour substances to astringe. Renshen (Ginseng Root), with its Sweet-Warm nature, tonifies deficient Qi and relieves urgent spasms, thus serving as the Sovereign drug. The Kidneys dislike dryness; therefore, one should urgently consume Pungent substances to moisten them. Sheng Gancao (Raw Licorice Root), being slightly Cold, and Huangbai (Phellodendron Bark), being Bitter-Pungent-Cold, rescue Kidney Water and generate fluids, thus serving as the Minister drugs. Danggui (Angelica Sinensis Root), being Pungent-Warm, harmonizes the vessels; Chenpi (Tangerine Peel), being Bitter-Pungent; Baizhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome), being Bitter-Sweet; and Zhi Gancao (Honey-fried Licorice Root), being Sweet-Warm, benefit the Spleen and Stomach and promote dietary intake. The Lungs desire astringency; therefore, one should urgently consume Sour substances to gather them. Shaoyao (Peony Root), with its Sour and slightly Cold nature, gathers dissipating Qi and benefits the Lungs, thus serving as the Assistant drug. Shengma (Cimicifuga Rhizome) and Chaihu (Bupleurum Root), being Neutral, promote ascending Qi, thus serving as the Guide drugs. This is what is meant by "drawing Yang from Yin."