《素问》曰∶神之变也，其华在面，视其五色，黄赤为热，白为寒，青黑为痛。此所谓
视而可儿者也。钱氏云∶左颊为肺，额上为心，鼻上为脾，下颏为肾。赤者热也。随证施治之。
《全婴方》云∶左颊属肝，东方之位，春见微青者平，深青者病，白色者绝。赤色主身热
拘急，肝热生风。青黑色主惊悸腹痛。浅赤色主潮热，夜间发，日中歇，唇红焦燥，脉必紧数。
右颊属肺，西方之位。秋见微白者平，深白者病，赤色者绝。浅色主潮热，或大便坚而气粗壅
急，青白色主咳嗽恶心。青色主风入肺，时时咳嗽。青黑色主惊风，或肚痛盘肠内吊。额上属
心，南方之位，火性炎上，故居上。夏见微赤者平，深赤者病，黑色者绝。赤色主心经有风热，
心躁惊悸睡卧不安。青黑色主心中有邪，惊风腹痛，手足螈 而啼叫。黄色主惊疳骨热，口渴
皮毛干燥，夜多盗汗，头发焦黄。鼻上属脾，中央之位。色见微黄者平，深黄者病，青色者绝。
赤色主身热，不思乳食。深黄色主小便不通，鼻孔干燥，气粗鼻衄，夜间多哭。淡白色主泻
泄，食不化。青色主吐乳口干，大小便不利。下颏属肾，北方之位。冬见微黑者平，深黑者病
，黄色者绝，赤色主膀胱与肾有热，水道不利，小便癃闭。
小儿目赤心热，导赤散主之。淡红者心虚热，生犀角散补之。青者肝热，泻青丸主之。浅
淡者补之。黄者脾热，泻黄散主之。无精光者，肾虚，地黄丸主之。如面目浮肿，主久咳嗽，
乃脾受疳积也。凡小儿唇白，
主吐涎呕逆吐血便血。唇红渴饮烦燥，如久渴泻唇红者，是虚证也，不可用凉药。唇黄主脾受
积后发肿。唇口紫及吐涎者，主虫痛。不吐涎者，是积痛。唇口四畔黄如橘，主口臭，乃脾之积
热也。唇青主血虚脾寒，为冷所乘。盖脾开窍于唇，木来克土，知脾弱不能食也。
凡小儿舌干舌白舌燥舌黄舌苔舌赤肿，皆主大便不通，或通利，必色焦黄，如舌裂，舌上芒
刺，舌上出血，皆热极阳毒也。舌上生疮，心脾有热，舌卷主惊，久患泻利，舌黑必润，不
可认为热。盖久病上焦虚热故也。久泻利舌黑者必死。
The *Suwen* (Basic Questions) states: The changes of Shen (Spirit), manifest in the face. By observing the five colors, yellow and red indicate Heat; white indicates Cold; green and black indicate Pain. This is what is referred to as "inspection" (Wang Zhen). Qian Yi stated: The left cheek corresponds to the Lung; the forehead corresponds to the Heart; the nose corresponds to the Spleen; the chin corresponds to the Kidney. Redness indicates Heat. Treatment should be administered according to the specific syndrome.
The *Quan Ying Fang* (Formulas for Infants) states: The left cheek belongs to the Liver, situated in the East position. In spring, a slight green color is normal; deep green indicates disease; white indicates a critical condition. Redness primarily indicates body heat and spasms, representing Liver Heat generating Wind. Green-black indicates fright palpitations and abdominal pain. Light red indicates tidal fever, occurring at night and subsiding during the day, with red and dry lips; the pulse must be tight and rapid.
The right cheek belongs to the Lung, situated in the West position. In autumn, a slight white color is normal; deep white indicates disease; red indicates a critical condition. Light color indicates tidal fever, or hard stools with coarse breath and urgency; green-white indicates coughing and nausea. Green indicates Wind entering the Lung, causing frequent coughing. Green-black indicates convulsive disorders, or abdominal pain and intestinal colic ("pan chang nei diao").
The forehead belongs to the Heart, situated in the South position. Fire nature flares upward, hence its upper position. In summer, a slight red color is normal; deep red indicates disease; black indicates a critical condition. Redness indicates Wind-Heat in the Heart channel, resulting in mental restlessness, fright palpitations, and restless sleep. Green-black indicates evil Qi in the Heart, convulsions, abdominal pain, twitching of hands and feet, and crying. Yellow indicates fright malnutrition with bone-steaming fever, thirst, dry skin and hair, night sweats, and yellow, brittle hair.
The nose belongs to the Spleen, situated in the Central position. A slight yellow color is normal; deep yellow indicates disease; green indicates a critical condition. Redness indicates body heat and loss of appetite for milk and food. Deep yellow indicates urinary retention, dry nostrils, coarse breath, epistaxis, and frequent crying at night. Pale white indicates diarrhea and indigestion. Green indicates vomiting of milk, dry mouth, and difficulty in urination and defecation.
The chin belongs to the Kidney, situated in the North position. In winter, a slight black color is normal; deep black indicates disease; yellow indicates a critical condition. Redness indicates Heat in the Bladder and Kidney, leading to dysfunction of the water passages and urinary retention.
In infants, red eyes and Heart Heat are primarily treated with Dao Chi San (Guide Out Red Powder). Pale red indicates deficient Heat in the Heart, treated with Sheng Xi Jiao San (Fresh Rhinoceros Horn Powder) for tonification. Green indicates Liver Heat, primarily treated with Xie Qing Wan (Drain Green Pill). Light pale indicates deficiency, requiring tonification. Yellow indicates Spleen Heat, primarily treated with Xie Huang San (Drain Yellow Powder). Lack of luster in the eyes indicates Kidney deficiency, primarily treated with Di Huang Wan (Rehmannia Pill). Facial and eye edema primarily indicates chronic cough, caused by Spleen involvement in malnutrition accumulation.
If an infant's lips are white, it indicates spitting saliva, vomiting, hematemesis, and hematochezia. Red lips with thirst and irritability, especially if red after prolonged diarrhea, indicate a deficiency syndrome; cooling medicines should not be used. Yellow lips indicate swelling after the Spleen suffers from accumulation. Purple lips with spitting saliva indicate worm pain. Without spitting saliva, it indicates accumulation pain. Lips yellow around the perimeter like an orange peel indicate bad breath, which is due to Spleen accumulated Heat. Green lips indicate Blood deficiency and Spleen Cold, invaded by Cold pathogens. Since the Spleen opens into the lips, and Wood overacts on Earth, this indicates Spleen weakness and inability to digest food.
Dry, white, parched, yellow, coated, or swollen red tongues in infants all indicate constipation, or if bowel movements occur, the stool must be scorched yellow. Cracked tongue, prickles on the tongue, or bleeding from the tongue all indicate extreme Heat and Yang Toxin. Sores on the tongue indicate Heat in the Heart and Spleen. Rolled tongue indicates fright. In chronic diarrhea, a black tongue that is moist should not be considered Heat, as it results from deficient Heat in the Upper Jiao due to prolonged illness. Chronic diarrhea with a black tongue indicates certain death.