发热恶寒恶风，头疼身痛，腰脊强，目痛鼻干，胸胁痛，耳聋；或往来寒热
而呕，脉浮而大，或紧或缓，皆表证也。
【发汗】麻黄汤、葛根汤、大青龙、小青龙。
【解肌】桂枝汤、桂枝麻黄各半汤。
不恶风寒反恶热，身不疼，掌心并腋下 汗出，及腹中硬满、大便不通；或腹
痛，或腹鸣，自利，小便如常，或谵语潮热，或咽干口渴舌干；或烦满囊缩而厥，唇
青舌卷；脉俱细而沉，或微缓，皆里证也。
【下】小承气汤、大承气汤、调胃承气汤、大柴胡汤、桃仁承气汤、大陷胸汤。
【温】理中汤、四逆汤、真武汤、术附汤、大建中汤。
发热恶寒，头痛身疼而无汗，脉浮紧，表实也。
【发汗】麻黄汤、大青龙汤。（按∶麻黄汤皆用于即病之伤寒，过时亦不用也。）
有寒有热，腹鸣自利，不渴，唇青舌卷，或无热恶寒，下利清谷，身体痛，脉沉微。
【温中】理中汤。
【救里】真武汤、四逆汤。
【熨法】见阴毒条。
【灸法】见阴毒条。
腹中硬，大便不通，谵语，（小承气汤下之）。潮热腹痛，（大柴胡汤下之。）不恶
寒，反恶热，谵语，掌心或腋下有汗出，（谓胃承气汤）。咽燥胃干腹满，（大承气汤。）
【下】大小承气汤、大柴胡汤、调胃承气汤。
The eight characters of "Exterior, Interior, Deficiency, Excess, Yin, Yang, Cold, and Heat" constitute the general principles of Shanghan (Cold Damage).
Fever, aversion to cold, aversion to wind, headache, body pain, stiffness of the waist and spine, eye pain, nasal dryness, pain in the chest and hypochondrium, deafness; or alternating chills and fever accompanied by vomiting, with a floating and large pulse, or tight or moderate pulse, are all Exterior Syndromes (pathogenic factors located at the body surface).
[Diaphoresis Method] Mahuang Tang (Ephedra Decoction), Gegen Tang (Pueraria Decoction), Da Qinglong Tang (Major Blue-Green Dragon Decoction), Xiao Qinglong Tang (Minor Blue-Green Dragon Decoction).
[Muscle-Relaxing Method] Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction), Guizhi Mahuang Banban Tang (Guizhi and Mahuang Half-Half Decoction).
Absence of aversion to wind and cold but presence of aversion to heat, absence of body pain, sweating in the palms and axillae, hardness and fullness in the abdomen, and constipation; or abdominal pain, borborygmus, spontaneous diarrhea, normal urination, delirium, tidal fever, dry throat, thirst, dry tongue; or irritability, fullness, retraction of the scrotum, and cold extremities, cyanotic lips, and curled tongue; with fine and deep pulses, or slightly moderate pulses, are all Interior Syndromes (pathogenic factors located within the zang-fu organs).
[Purgation Method] Xiao Chengqi Tang (Minor Order the Qi Decoction), Da Chengqi Tang (Major Order the Qi Decoction), Tiaowei Chengqi Tang (Regulate the Stomach Order the Qi Decoction), Da Chaihu Tang (Major Bupleurum Decoction), Tao Ren Chengqi Tang (Peach Kernel Order the Qi Decoction), Da Xianxiong Tang (Major Chest-Binding Decoction).
[Interior-Warming Method] Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction), Sini Tang (Reverse-Recovery Decoction), Zhenwu Tang (True Warrior Decoction), Shufu Tang (Atractylodes and Aconite Decoction), Jianzhong Jia Huangqi Tang (Greatly Establish the Middle Plus Astragalus Decoction, referred to as Dajianzhong Tang here).
Fever, aversion to cold, body pain, spontaneous sweating, with a floating, moderate, and weak pulse, indicates Exterior Deficiency Syndrome.
[Harmonizing Method] Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction).
Fever, aversion to cold, headache, body pain, absence of sweating, with a floating and tight pulse, indicates Exterior Excess Syndrome.
[Diaphoresis Method] Mahuang Tang (Ephedra Decoction), Da Qinglong Tang (Major Blue-Green Dragon Decoction). (Note: Mahuang Tang is used for immediate Shanghan; it is not used when the disease has progressed over time.)
Presence of both cold and heat, borborygmus, spontaneous diarrhea, absence of thirst, cyanotic lips, curled tongue, or absence of fever with aversion to cold, diarrhea with undigested food, body pain, with deep and faint pulses.
[Middle-Warming Method] Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction).
[Interior-Salvaging Method] Zhenwu Tang (True Warrior Decoction), Sini Tang (Reverse-Recovery Decoction).
[Ironing Method] See Yin Du (Yin Toxin) section.
[Moxibustion Method] See Yin Du (Yin Toxin) section.
Abdominal hardness, constipation, delirium, (purge with Xiao Chengqi Tang). Tidal fever, abdominal pain, (purge with Da Chaihu Tang). Absence of aversion to cold, presence of aversion to heat, delirium, sweating in palms or axillae, (use Tiaowei Chengqi Tang). Dry throat, dry stomach, abdominal fullness, (use Da Chengqi Tang).
[Purgation Method] Da and Xiao Chengqi Tangs, Da Chaihu Tang, Tiaowei Chengqi Tang.