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Insects (parasites) are generated by the stagnation and steaming of damp-heat. Observing that during daytime rain, insects grow on the nodes of rice stalks makes this principle clear. The ancients classified parasites into nine types and three corpses (San Shi), but I believe these parasites arise from internal accumulation and are difficult to name definitively. If they steal and consume human Qi and Blood, extracting the pure and light parts, they are called "Spirit Parasites" (Ling Chong). Over time, they can spread harm to humans, such as in cases of Consumption Parasite (Lao Chong), Transmitted Corpse (Chuan Shi), or Corpse Dampness (Shi Zhu). If they ingest human food and drink, extracting the turbid parts, they are called "Material Parasites" (Wu Chong). Over time, they can mutate, such as Tapeworm (Cun Bai), Roundworm (Hui Chong), leech-like worms, or abdominal masses (Jia). Therefore, Material Parasites often form due to internal accumulation; they are tangible entities. Treatment should employ drugs with tangible restraining and fearing properties, such as *Quisqualis Fructus* (Shi Jun Zi), *Terminalia Chebula Retz.* (Wu Yi), *Torreya Grandis* (Fei Zi), *Zanthoxylum Bungeanum* (Chuan Jiao), *Coptis Chinensis* (Huang Lian), and *Melia Azedarach* (Ku Lian). Spirit Parasites, however, often result from internal deficiency; they are unpredictable entities. Treatment should employ drugs that resonate through Qi and flavor, such as *Prunus Persica* (Tao Ren), *Zanthoxylum Bungeanum* (Chuan Jiao), Human Skull Bone (Tian Ling Gai), *Styrax Tonkinensis* (Su He Xiang), *Moschus* (She Xiang), and *Cinnabar* (Zhu Sha). Additionally, Ghost Qi and Evil Midsection also belong to the category of Spirit Parasites. Ingestion of leeches via food/drink, or poisoning from fruit worms, belongs to the category of Material Parasites. Treatment requires investigating the physical nature of things and examining what they fear to control them. Furthermore, in patients suffering long-term from Phthisis (Lao Zhai) with hyperactive Qi and hot Blood, acrid and fierce drugs should not be used. Generally, a sallow complexion, weakness in the four limbs, and inability of food intake to nourish muscles indicate Qi and Blood deficiency. Pain that fluctuates, gathers and scatters unpredictably suggests parasitic infestation, requiring urgent attack. If one waits until they become Spirit Parasites, damaging the Zang-Fu organs, it will be incurable. Administering anti-parasitic drugs is best done in the first half of the lunar month, during the first half of the day when the parasite's head faces upward. One should avoid rashly prescribing purgatives, as parasites, having gained spirit, can resist and evade decoctions.

Danxi stated: Jaundice need not be divided into five types; all are caused by damp-heat, similar to the fermentation of soy sauce paste. This statement captures the general principle. However, consulting the *Nei Jing*, there is a distinction among Upper, Middle, and Lower Jiao. It states that yellow eyes indicate Jaundice (Huang Dan), which arises from sudden illness and prolonged reversal. When Shaoyin and Jueyin govern the year, and during the fourth Qi period of humid heat, jaundice occurs; these are all diseases of damp-heat in the Upper Jiao. It mentions that feeling hungry after eating but remaining emaciated is Stomach Jaundice (Wei Dan); combined with Spleen Wind causing damp-heat, abdominal heat, and excretion of yellow stool, along with a firm and long Spleen pulse and yellow complexion, as described in the *Ling Shu* regarding diseases produced by the Spleen, these are all diseases of damp-heat in the Middle Jiao. It also states that yellow-red urine and lethargy indicate Jaundice, and a firm and long Kidney pulse with a yellow complexion, as described in the *Ling Shu* regarding diseases produced by the Kidney, are all diseases of damp-heat in the Lower Jiao. Only Zhang Zhongjing skillfully grasped this essence, detailing it within the context of Cold Damage (Shang Han). It states that if pathogenic heat enters the interior and interacts with the Spleen Meridian, yellowing occurs; or if internal heat is severe and further aggravated by fire, the interaction of two Yangs causes yellowing; or if Yangming heat is severe without sweating and urination is obstructed, preventing the discharge of damp-heat, yellowing occurs; or after sweating, if the body, eyes, and face turn yellow, it is due to unresolved cold-dampness in the interior, causing yellowing. Thus, it is known that not only damp-heat causes yellowing, but cold-dampness does as well. However, yellowing from cold-dampness is dark and dull, while yellowing from severe heat is bright like an orange peel. Generally, Jaundice belongs to Taiyin; Taiyin refers to the Spleen. Steamed by damp-heat, the true color of Earth appears externally. If the pulse is deep and small, the abdomen is hard, urination is free, and the patient behaves like someone delirious, this indicates yellowing caused by blood stasis in the lower part. Treating Jaundice requires distinguishing between new and old cases. For new Jaundice where damp-heat is slightly prevalent, one should use resolving, guiding, and diuretic methods, such as *Yinchen Wuling San* (Artemisia Capillaris and Five-Ingredient Poria Decoction) or *Fuling Shen Shi Tang* (Poria and Dampness-Draining Decoction), which are invariably effective. For chronic cases where the Spleen and Stomach are damaged and Qi and Blood are weak, tonifying formulas should be used, such as *Shenzhu Jianpi Tang* (Ginseng and Atractylodes Spleen-Strengthening Decoction), *Angelica Sinensis* (Dang Gui), and *Gentiana Scabra* (Qin Jiao). When righteous Qi is strong, evil Qi naturally retreats, allowing for success. If there is a bland taste, palpitations, tinnitus, weak legs, slight chills and fever, or red-white turbid urine, it should be treated as deficiency. *Yangrong Tang* (Nourishing Ying Decoction), *Bawei Wan* (Eight-Ingredient Pill), or *Sijunzi Tang* (Four Gentlemen Decoction) may be used. Cool agents should not be overused to forcibly promote urination, lest Kidney Water be depleted, leading to a black-yellow complexion in the long run, which becomes incurable.