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The sages once said: The qi of water and fire refers to the energy responsible for digesting food and fluids in the human body. When balanced, it is called "water and fire"; when imbalanced, it transforms into damp-heat. When damp-heat struggles with each other, the qi fails to circulate freely, leading to jaundice; this is indeed the general principle. However, Wang Haizang stated: In cases of Shanghan (Cold Damage) disease, if occurring during years governed by the Taiyang or Taiyin celestial stems/earthly branches, excessive use of purgatives often leads to Yin Jaundice (jaundice caused by cold-dampness stagnation). One scenario involves excessive cold-water qi, where water evil attacks the spleen-earth; another involves deficiency of spleen-earth qi, allowing water evil to invade. Treatment should employ Yinchen Decoction (Artemisia Capillaris Decoction), sequentially adding Shengjiang (Dried Ginger), Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Root), and Wuzhuyu (Evodia Fruit). Since Yin Jaundice can occur in Shanghan febrile diseases, it follows that miscellaneous disease jaundice also includes Yin Jaundice. Therefore, a cold body and aversion to cold indicate Yin Jaundice; excess dampness with spleen deficiency indicates Yin Jaundice; clear and profuse urination and defecation indicate Yin Jaundice; a deep and faint pulse indicates Yin Jaundice. In all such cases, only warming and tonifying methods can effect a cure. If one assumes the yellow color represents an excess of earth-pathogen and employs overly harsh bitter-cold purging drugs, dietary intake will inevitably decrease, and stomach qi will be depleted. The pathogen may transmit from the spleen to the kidney, transforming into Black Jaundice (a refractory variant of jaundice) which becomes incurable, truly a sorrowful outcome!

Shan (Hernia) is a concealed ailment. Ancient texts refer to "Seven Types of Shan," including Cold Shan, Water Shan, Sinew Shan, Blood Shan, Qi Shan, Fox Shan, and Tui Shan.

Cold Shan presents with lower back pain radiating to the testicles, with legs bent and unable to extend. The pulse is deep and slow. The etiology is certainly cold evil lodging in the lower body, akin to sitting in low, damp places or wading in cold water. Cold qi enters from the exterior into the interior, binding the Shaohuo (Mingmen Fire/Life Gate Fire) and stagnating Liver qi, thus causing lower back pain radiating to the testicles, as the Liver meridian encircles the genitalia. Cold governs contraction and drawing-in, hence the inability to extend the legs. The chi position governs the lower back; a deep and slow pulse are both yin manifestations. Wu Zhu Yu Jia Fu Zi Tang (Evodia and Prepared Aconite Decoction) is indicated.

Water Shan presents with scrotal swelling and continuous sweating in the genital region. It arises from excessive drinking of water and sexual activity after intoxication. Drinking excessively and becoming drunk lead to dampness predominance. Sexual exertion depletes Kidney qi. With Kidney deficiency, dampness predominates and flows downward, which is the natural tendency, resulting in the scrotum swelling like crystal-clear glass and continuous leakage-like sweating. The Classics state: "What has sunk should be raised." And again: "Wind can overcome dampness." Sheng Yang Chu Shi Tang (Raise Yang and Dispel Dampness Decoction) is indicated.

Sinew Shan presents with spasmodic pain in the penile tendons and unbearable distension during erection. This results from sexual exhaustion or the use of aphrodisiacs containing many heat-toxic ingredients, causing unbearable distension. Gan Cao Shao Hei Dou Tang (Licorice Tip and Black Soybean Decoction) is indicated.

Blood Shan occurs when the external genitals are injured by falls or blows, causing unilateral testicular enlargement and occasional pain due to internal blood stasis. This is named Blood Shan. It is advisable to perform self-massage at midnight: support the lower part with one hand and press the upper part with the other, rubbing gently to firmly for one hundred repetitions. Within a month, the blood stasis will dissipate completely, and stagnant qi will circulate. This is indeed a wonderful method.

Qi Shan manifests as testicular swelling upon emotional depression, which resolves spontaneously without medication upon experiencing grief. Generally, where evil gathers, there is often underlying deficiency. Depression causes testicular swelling due to Liver qi sinking affecting the Kidneys. Grief allows the qi to vent, resolving the swelling. The sages said: Diseases of the Liver and Kidney share similar treatment principles. Hu Huan Wan (Tiger Hidden Pill) is indicated. Some ask: Why not use Ju He (Tangerine Seed), Chuan Lian Zi (Sichuan Chinaberry Seed), Zhi Shi (Immature Bitter Orange), or Qing Pi (Green Tangerine Peel)? I reply: These are all qi-breaking herbs. Although widely used in the past, they only treat the branch/symptoms. Moreover, do they not violate the prohibition against "making the deficient more deficient"? They are suitable only for excess conditions.

Fox Shan presents with daytime scrotal swelling and discomfort as yang qi emerges, while nighttime sees the resolution of swelling as yang qi enters, appearing as if no disease exists. The fox exits its burrow to urinate during the day and does not urinate at night. This symptom resembles the fox's behavior, hence the name Fox Shan. Day is yang, night is yin. Daytime illness with nighttime remission indicates a qi disorder rather than a blood disorder. Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction) is indicated to raise the sunken yang, supplemented by Huang Bai (Phellodendron Bark) and Zhi Mu (Anemarrhena Rhizome) to nourish the deficient Kan (Kidney/Water). Some ask: Why not use Zhang Hezi’s pungent-aromatic qi-moving agents? I reply: This is caused by qi deficiency. Using dispersing agents would not only be unhelpful but harmful.

Tui Shan refers to massive enlargement of the testicles without other ailments. This is hereditary, present from conception, not acquired through external factors after birth, so specific treatment is unnecessary. If Tui Shan is initially present but later develops pain and distress, it must be treated using the methods applicable to the previous six types of Shan.