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The flavor is sweet, the nature is neutral, and it is non-toxic. It primarily tonifies Qi (vital energy), relieves thirst, eliminates heat in the abdomen and umbilical region, and benefits the sinews. Also known as Jiangen (Sedge Root) or Tujin (Earth Sinew). It grows in marshes; the roots have hairs. It sprouts in the third lunar month, bears white fruits in the fourth lunar month, and the roots are harvested on the third day of the third lunar month.

It treats pediatric epilepsy and alternating chills and fever. Harvested on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month.

It treats malignant sores and expels roundworms. Grows near water. Its appearance resembles that of Alismatis Rhizoma (Zexie).

The flavor is sour. It primarily treats internal leakage (such as uterine bleeding), stops bleeding, and addresses blood deficiency. Grows in Changyang Mountain; there is no specific time for harvesting.

The flavor is bitter, and it is toxic. It treats malignant scabies and expels parasites. Also known as Numu (Female Wood). Grows in highlands; the leaves are white and thorny, with dozens of roots connected together.

The flavor is sweet, and it is non-toxic. It treats cold syndromes, stops bleeding, and treats leukorrhea. Grows in Luoyang.

The flavor is bitter, the nature is neutral, and it is non-toxic. It treats chills and fever, flaccidity and bi-syndrome (painful obstruction), female leukorrhea, and carbuncles. Grows in Shanyang; it resembles Fungi (Jun) and has thorns.

The flavor is salty, the nature is neutral, and it is non-toxic. It treats bi-syndrome and traumatic injuries such as fractures caused by heat in the middle jiao. Grows in valleys of Shanyin, climbing on creeping plants. The stems have thorns, and the fruits resemble Zanthoxylum bungeanum (Huajiao).

The flavor is bitter, and it is toxic. It treats scrofula (lymphatic tuberculosis). Also known as Bailian, Wuliao, Shujing, or Lupu. It grows in clusters of over a hundred roots; the stems are wrapped in cloth. The roots are harvested on the third day of the third lunar month.

The flavor is sweet, the nature is neutral, and it is non-toxic. It treats heart and abdominal hernia masses, mouth ulcers, and umbilical injuries. Also known as Jingbian.

The flavor is bitter, the nature is cold, and it is non-toxic. It treats scabies, chronic sores that do not heal, necrotic tissue, and excessive heat; it is decocted for external washing. Harvested in the eighth lunar month; it resembles [missing character].

The flavor is bitter. It treats pruritic sores, alopecia capitis (white tinea capitis), and contact dermatitis from lacquer; it is used for washing. Grows in Fangling.

The flavor is bitter. It treats body heat and pathogenic factors, as well as pediatric fever; it is used for bathing. Grows in mountain valleys. Also known as Wangcao.

The flavor is sweet. It is non-toxic. It treats carbuncles and malignant sores; it is decocted for external washing. Also known as Chenyao, Chengu, or Guiba. Grows in plains and marshes. [Missing month] harvested.

[Appendix]

The flavor is sweet, and it is toxic. It treats heart and abdominal pain and essence deficiency. The leaves resemble Imperata cylindrica (Mangcao); it grows in winter and is burned to ash.

The flavor is pungent, and it is toxic. It is used for hot compresses on carbuncles and abdominal distension. Also known as Gaoyu or Zizao.

Treats burns and ulcerations. Harvested in the eighth and tenth lunar months, dried in the shade.