味苦，大寒，无毒。主治时气头痛，大热，口疮。三月、四月采茎，阴干。
味苦，微寒，无毒。主治腹中结实，心下满，洗洗恶风寒，目眩、项直，咳嗽上气，
烦热渴，出汗，安五脏，利骨髓。一名药实，一名苦华，一名苦菜，一名商草，一名勒母
一名KT 。生晋地。十月采根，曝干。（浓朴、白薇为之使，恶桃花，畏秦椒、 石、莽
草
《本经》原文∶贝母，味辛，平。主伤寒烦热，淋沥邪气，疝瘕，喉痹，乳难，金创风
痉。一名空草。
无毒。主除肠胃中痼热，八疸，身面黄，唇干口燥，短气，通月水，止小便利，一
裸，一名天瓜，一名泽姑。实，名黄瓜，治胸痹，悦泽人面。茎叶，治中热伤暑。生洪
山阴地，入土深者良，生卤地者有毒。二月、八月采根，曝干，三十日成。（枸杞为之
恶干姜，畏牛膝、干漆，反乌头。）
《本经》原文∶栝蒌根，味苦，寒。主消渴身热，烦满大热，补虚安中，续绝伤。一名
地蒌。生川谷。
无毒。主养血，去心腹痼疾、结气，腰脊强，脚痹，除风邪留热。久服利人。一名赤
参，一名木羊乳。生桐柏山及太山。五月采根，曝干。（畏咸水，反藜芦。）
《本经》原文∶丹参，味苦，微寒。主心腹邪气，肠鸣幽幽如走水，寒热积聚，破症除
瘕，止烦满，益气。
[Daqing]
Taste: bitter. Nature: very cold. Toxicity: non-toxic. Indications: Headache due to epidemic febrile diseases, high fever, and mouth ulcers. Harvest the stems in March and April, and dry them in the shade.
[Baiwei]
Taste: bitter. Nature: slightly cold. Toxicity: non-toxic. Indications: Solid masses in the abdomen, fullness below the heart, aversion to wind and cold, dizziness, stiffness of the neck, cough with rebellious qi, irritability, heat, thirst, and sweating. It calms the five zang organs and benefits the bone marrow. Also known as Yaoshi (Medicine Fruit), Kuhua (Bitter Flower), Kucai (Bitter Vegetable), Shangcao (Shang Grass), Lemu (Mother Le), KT. Grows in the region of Jin. Harvest the roots in October, and dry them in the sun. (Concordant with Houpo and Baiwei itself; adverse to Taohua; fears Qinjiao, Shi, and Mangcao.)
Original text from Benjing: Beimu, taste: pungent. Nature: neutral. Indications: Irritability and heat due to shanghan, dribbling dysuria with pathogenic qi, hernia and masses, throat obstruction, difficulty in lactation, and wind convulsions following traumatic injuries. Also known as Kongcao.
Non-toxic. Indications: Clears stubborn heat in the stomach and intestines, eight types of jaundice, yellowing of the body and face, dry lips and mouth, shortness of breath, regulates menstruation, stops excessive urination. Also known as Tiangua and Zegu. The fruit is called Huanggua, used to treat chest bi syndrome and to enhance facial luster. The stems and leaves treat internal heat and summerheat injury. Grows on the shady slopes of Mount Hong; those growing deep in the soil are superior; those growing in saline soils are toxic. Harvest the roots in February and August, dry them in the sun, and process for thirty days. (Adverse to Gouqi; contrary to Jiangjiang; fears Niuxi and Ganqi; contrary to Wutou.)
Original text from Benjing: Gualougen, taste: bitter. Nature: cold. Indications: Xiaoke disease accompanied by body heat, irritability and fullness with severe heat, tonifies deficiency and calms the middle, repairs severe injuries. Also known as Dilou. Grows in river valleys.
Non-toxic. Indications: Nourishes blood, eliminates stubborn diseases and qi stagnation in the heart and abdomen, relieves stiffness of the waist and spine, numbness of the legs, and expels lingering heat from wind pathogens. Long-term use benefits the person. Also known as Chishen and Muyangru. Grows on Mount Tongbai and Mount Tai. Harvest the roots in May, and dry them in the sun. (Fears salty water; contrary to Lilu.)
Original text from Benjing: Danshen, taste: bitter. Nature: slightly cold. Indications: Pathogenic qi in the heart and abdomen, rumbling bowel sounds like flowing water, accumulation of cold and heat, breaks down masses and eliminates growths, stops irritability and fullness, and tonifies qi.