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Through preliminary observation, it is considered that the physiological characteristics of children possess the feature of "Zhi Yin Zhi Yang" (Delicate Yin and Delicate Yang), which basically conforms to actual conditions. Meanwhile, the pathological manifestations in children of being prone to deficiency or excess, cold or heat, also transform with age. Injury to Yin and injury to Yang can mutually transform; a common example is toxic indigestion in cases of diarrhea. It may first injure Wei Yin (Stomach Yin fluid), then injure Pi Yang (Spleen Yang Qi). Simultaneously, while Wei Yin is depleted, symptoms such as dry mouth, dry tongue, dry and wrinkled skin appear, alongside signs of Spleen Yang exhaustion like listless complexion, cold limbs, and faint pulse. This specifically reflects the clinical manifestation of "Zhi Yin Zhi Yang". In handling cases of dual injury to Yin and Yang, the method often involves supporting Yang to rescue Yin, but one must examine which aspect is primary. Although Yin and Yang are different attributes, they are mutually rooted. Therefore, the generation of Yin relies on the moistening and transformation by Yang Qi; Yang can command Yin, but Yin cannot command Yang. This has further enabled me to realize that only through repeated practice can one achieve a profound understanding of different academic viewpoints.

For another example, regarding pediatric fingerprint diagnosis, some past pediatric books described it as miraculous, exerting a profound influence on the public, who believed that pediatricians relied solely on fingerprints to diagnose diseases. We conducted some investigative research, observing 500 cases of normal children under three years old and children with various pathological conditions. Regarding the color of the three sections of the fingerprint, no obvious specific diagnostic basis was seen across various diseases. Some normal children's fingerprints also penetrated all three sections directly. No certain regularity could be found in the occurrence and development of the condition. Thus, it is preliminarily believed that changes in fingerprint fullness may be related to venous pressure. Clinically, in some pneumonia patients with heart failure, their fingerprints may extend to the Ming Guan (Life Gate section). The color of the fingerprint can reflect the degree of hypoxia in the body to some extent; that is, the more severe the hypoxia, the more obvious the bluish-purple color of the fingerprint, which seems to have certain reference value. Of course, due to the small number of observed cases and whether the methods conform to scientific standards, further research is needed.

(II) Summarizing laws to make experience from practice more scientific. In the past, due to historical limitations, the diagnostic concepts for some diseases were relatively vague, lacking universal guiding significance for clinical practice. Therefore, organizing and summarizing based on practice may play a good role in improving the quality of medical treatment and teaching.

For example, Gan Syndrome (Chronic nutritional disorder caused by spleen and stomach weakness in children) is one of the four major syndromes in pediatrics, involving a wide range: it is not only a phenomenon of malnutrition but also a comprehensive reflection of various diseases. Not only are the etiologies complex, but there are also numerous names. Throughout history, views have varied, concepts have been unclear, and classification methods have lacked uniform standards. Some classify by Zang-Fu organs, such as Heart, Liver, Spleen, Lung, Kidney Five-Zang Gan; some by symptoms, such as Gan Ke (Thirst due to Gan) and Gan Zhong (Swelling due to Gan); some by lesion site, such as Eye Gan, Nose Gan, Tooth Gan; and some by etiology, such as Ascaris Gan (Gan caused by roundworms) and Nursing Gan. From clinical practice, the symptoms of Gan syndrome are intricate and rarely appear independently. Therefore, we conducted clinical observations on 533 cases of various Gan syndromes and analyzed them from aspects including etiological investigation, symptom classification, diagnostic basis, therapeutic principles, and the occurrence of complications. Among the 533 cases, 305 cases (57%) were due to improper feeding (including excessive nutrition); 171 cases (32.1%) were due to post-illness imbalance; and 57 cases (10.7%) were due to congenital insufficiency and postnatal imbalance. This illustrates that the ancient physicians' viewpoint that "all Gan syndromes are diseases of the Spleen and Stomach" conforms to reality. Based on the theory that "internal pathology must manifest externally," combining the clinical features of patients, we classified Gan syndrome into three major categories: First, those thinner than normal children, with poor appetite and irregular bowel movements. There were 196 cases in this group, accounting for 36.89% of the total. This belongs to the early stage of Gan, called "Gan Qi" (Gan Qi Syndrome). Its pathogenesis is either Spleen-Stomach imbalance or sufficient intake failing to nourish the body frame, leading to abdominal distension, exposed veins, and an olive-shaped abdomen. Second, those with intestinal parasites, numbering 256 cases (48%), named "Gan Ji" (Gan Accumulation Syndrome). Its pathogenesis belongs to Spleen deficiency with accumulation, deficiency mixed with excess. Third, those extremely emaciated, resembling skin-wrapped bones, numbered 81 cases (15.2%). This is the late stage of Gan syndrome, diagnosed as "Gan Gan" (Dry Gan Syndrome), with a pathogenesis of depletion of Qi, Blood, and Body Fluids. In treatment, "Gan Qi" focuses on harmonization; "Gan Ji" employs both purging and tonifying; "Gan Gan" focuses primarily on tonification. Complications belong to concurrent syndromes of the main disease and are not classified as separate disease names. For instance, Mouth Gan is Heat-Toxin accumulation in Heart and Spleen; Eye Gan is Liver Yin deficiency; Gan Edema is Spleen deficiency with weak Qi and water-dampness retention. Although still immature, this has certain guiding significance for summarizing clinical medical experience.

Another example is the treatment of Epidemic Encephalitis B, where considerable experience has been accumulated everywhere. In terms of etiology, TCM scholars consider it within the scope of "Shu Wen" (Summerheat-Warmth) in Warm Disease theory. According to the transmission rules of Warm Diseases, it generally proceeds from Wei (Defensive) to Qi (Nutritive), and from Qi to Ying (Nutrient) and Xue (Blood). However, this disease, especially severe cases, has an abrupt onset, often presenting Ying-Xue symptoms such as coma and convulsions at the very beginning. If one continues to use Wei-Qi-Ying-Blood differentiation, it does not fit well. Moreover, there is no unified understanding of the etiological mechanisms in the acute phase, recovery phase, and sequelae phase. Consequently, the etiological mechanism of this disease became fragmented between stages, causing difficulties in medical teaching. To further explore the pathogenesis and patterns of syndrome differentiation and treatment of this disease, we consciously and purposefully conducted comprehensive observations on 121 cases of the acute phase of "Encephalitis B" and 135 cases of the recovery and sequelae phases. Based on the three major symptoms in the acute phase of "Encephalitis B"—high fever, coma, and convulsions—and symptoms in the recovery and sequelae phases such as irregular fever, consciousness disorders, dysphagia, aphasia, spastic paralysis, and tremor-like twitching, these specifically manifested three major syndromes: Re (Heat/Fever), Tan (Phlegm/consciousness disorders and cranial nerve symptoms), and Feng (Wind/convulsions). These three—Heat, Phlegm, and Wind—are interconnected and causally related. For example, extreme Heat can generate Wind; Wind movement generates Phlegm; abundant Phlegm generates Fright. They are both syndromes and pathogeneses. Although all three can exist simultaneously, there must be a primary aspect. However, in the acute phase, the Heat, Phlegm, and Wind syndromes are primarily Excess; in the recovery and sequelae phases, they are primarily Deficiency, or Deficiency mixed with Excess.

To further clarify syndrome differentiation, the Heat syndrome in the acute phase was divided into three categories according to its different attributes: Warm, Heat, and Fire. The Phlegm syndrome refers to consciousness disorders; restlessness and agitation indicate Phlegm-Fire, while deep coma indicates Phlegm-Turbidity. In Wind syndrome, headache and neck stiffness with exterior syndrome, burning heat, and no sweat indicate Exterior Wind; recurrent seizures, continuous and unceasing with sweat, indicate Interior Wind caused by Evil invading the Pericardium and stirring up Internal Liver Wind. Fever in the recovery and sequelae phases involves two points: Yin deficiency and Yang deficiency (except for infectious fever). Spastic paralysis is Wind wandering through the collaterals; tremor-like involuntary convulsions are Deficient Wind. Dysphagia, aphasia, and dementia are all categorized under Phlegm-Turbidity. Years of practice have proven that applying the theory of Heat, Phlegm, and Wind to guide the syndrome differentiation and treatment of "Encephalitis B" seems to have certain regularity. It also provides preliminary reference data for further exploration of its mechanism in the future.