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Commentary states: Dictionaries explain that Yang represents "Shi" (Excess/Solid) and Yin represents "Xu" (Deficiency/Empty). Xu does not mean non-existence, but rather the absence of Shi. When the original Zang organs are depleted, existing in a state of deficiency without solidity, Blood and Qi become weak and withered, Yin and Yang fail to maintain balance, and all Zang-Fu organs become weak. Consequently, coldness arises internally. If left untreated for a long time, the cold pathogen accumulates and becomes entrenched, termed "Gu Leng" (Stubborn Cold). Its manifestations include: formation of Jia Ju (abdominal masses), pain, vomiting and regurgitation, as well as the Spleen and Stomach's inability to digest food and frequent pain in the umbilical and abdominal regions; these are all its signs.

Da An Na Qi Wan (Great Sea Otter Umbilicus Pill) Formula for treating depletion of the original Zang organs and various diseases of stubborn cold:
An Na Qi (Sea Otter Umbilicus) (one pair, slow-fire roasted with wine, pounded separately into powder), Jing Yang Rou (Lean Mutton) (one jin, boiled, chopped, dried, and pounded into powder), Nao Sha (Ammonium Chloride) (boiled in water until dry, half liang pounded), Chen Xiang (Agarwood) (powder), Mian Qu (Fermented Wheat Dough) (roasted into powder, four liang each), Yang Sui (Marrow of Sheep) (two sheng, sinews removed and ground), Jiu (Wine) (one dou, simmer the aforementioned six ingredients slowly in a silver or earthenware vessel until a paste is formed, stored in porcelain jars), Fu Zi (Prepared Aconite Root) (half a jin, skin and navel removed, boiled with half a jin of Qing Yan (Green Salt) and one dou of Jiang Shui (fermented rice water) until the liquid is exhausted, sliced and dried), Rou Cong Rong (Cistanche) (soaked in wine, wrinkled skin scraped off, sliced and dried, four liang), Ba Ji Tian (Morinda Officinalis) (heart removed), Bi Cheng Qie (Long Pepper Fruit), Bai Dou Kou (Cardamom) (skin removed), Bu Gu Zhi (Psoralea Fructus) (roasted), Xiang Zi (Nigella Seed) (roasted), Mu Xiang (Aucklandia Root), Ding Xiang (Clove), Rou Dou Kou (Nutmeg) (processed and skin removed), Gui (Cinnamon Bark) (rough bark removed), Bing Lang (Areca Nut) (chopped), Da Fu Zi (Areca Peel) (chopped), Sha Yuan Ji Li (Astragalus Complanatus) (roasted), Zi Su Zi (Perilla Seed), Hu Lu Ba (Fenugreek) (roasted), Xiong (Sichuan Lovage Rhizome), Ren Shen (Ginseng), Qing Ju Pi (Green Tangerine Peel) (soaked in decoction, white pith removed, dried), Yang Qi Shi (Actinolith) (boiled in Jiang Shui for one day, finely ground), Zhong Ru Fen (Stalactite Powder), Tian Ma (Gastrodia Rhizome), Shan Yu (Dioscorea), Zhi Ke (Bitter Orange) (pulp removed, bran-roasted, two liang each).
The above thirty-one medicinal materials. Except for the wine paste, pound and sieve the rest into powder, mix with the previous paste into a dough, pound over a thousand times in a mortar, form pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take twenty pills per dose, administered on an empty stomach with warm wine or salted water.

Treating coldness of the Original Zang, consolidating True Qi, warming the Dan Tian, strengthening bones and tendons, boosting sexual function, eliminating chronic cold and stubborn cold, tonifying labor injury and deficiency. For men with chronic coldness of the waist and kidneys, accumulation in the heart and abdomen, cold mass under the hypochondrium, worms in the abdomen, spermatorrhea and enuresis, emaciation and weakness, pain in feet and knees, stubborn bi-syndrome caused by cold wind, upward rushing Qi, epistaxis, coughing and wheezing with chills and fever, cholera with muscle cramps, deficiency-type loose stools, hemorrhoids, wet sores, and continuous bleeding from the rectum: Jin Ye Dan (Golden Liquid Pellet) Formula:
Liu Huang (Sulfur) (ten liang, first refined to remove sand and stones, weighed and ground into fine powder, stored in a porcelain jar; seal with water and Chishi Zhi (Red Halloysite), secure with salt mud, dry, bury a jar filled with water in the ground, place the sealed jar on top, seal with mud, nurture with slow fire for seven days and nights, add top fire for the duration of a meal, cool, take out and grind into fine powder).
The above single ingredient. Take one liang of medicinal powder, mix with one liang of steamed cake dough (soaked in water, squeezed dry), knead into pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take thirty pills per dose, up to one hundred pills, with warm rice drink, on an empty stomach. Also treats Yin syndrome of Shang Han (Cold Damage), cold body, faint pulse, cold limbs, vomiting or incessant spontaneous sweating, or incontinence of urine. Take regardless of the number of pills; the treatment is effective when the body becomes warm and the pulse reappears.

Tonifying bone marrow, benefiting True Qi, treating stubborn cold, moisturizing skin, beautifying complexion. Xiang Huang Wan (Fragrant Yellow Pill) Formula:
Liu Huang (Sulfur) (one liang, ground), Nao Sha (Ammonium Chloride) (one liang, ground, boiled in water to form frost), Sheng Mu Gua (Raw Papaya) (one fruit, skin peeled, lid cut off, pulp hollowed out, filled with Liu Huang and Nao Sha powder, covered, secured with bamboo skewers, steamed for one shichen [two hours], then ground into paste), Rou Dou Kou (Nutmeg) (three fruits, shell removed, processed), Bing Lang (Areca Nut) (three fruits, raw and chopped), Dang Gui (Angelica Sinensis) (sliced and dried), Shi Hu (Dendrobium) (roots removed), Niu Xi (Achyranthes Root) (soaked in wine, sliced and dried), Fu Zi (Prepared Aconite Root) (processed, skin and navel removed), Ba Ji Tian (Morinda Officinalis) (heart removed), Rou Cong Rong (Cistanche) (soaked in wine, sliced and dried), Xiang Zi (Nigella Seed) (roasted), Mu Xiang (Aucklandia Root), Chen Xiang (Agarwood) (chopped, half liang each), Bai Fu Ling (Poria) (black skin removed), Jing San Leng (Burreed Tuber) (processed and chopped), Gan Jiang (Dried Ginger) (processed), Ding Xiang (Clove), She Xiang (Musk) (separately ground), Ru Xiang (Frankincense) (separately ground), Ren Shen (Ginseng), Gui (Cinnamon Bark) (rough bark removed), Bi Cheng Qie (Long Pepper Fruit), A Wei (Asafoetida) (dissolved in vinegar, mixed with flour to make cakes, roasted dry, one fen each).
The above twenty-four medicinal materials. Except for the previous paste, pound and sieve into powder, mix with the paste to form pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take twenty to thirty pills per dose, on an empty stomach before meals with warm wine.

Treating depletion of the Original Zang and various diseases of stubborn cold. Ju Pi Jian Wan (Tangerine Peel Decoction Pill) Formula:
Chen Ju Pi (Aged Tangerine Peel) (soaked in decoction, white pith removed, dried, fifteen liang, made into powder separately), Shi Hu (Dendrobium) (chopped, roots removed), Ba Ji Tian (Morinda Officinalis) (heart removed), Niu Xi (Achyranthes Root) (soaked in wine, sliced and dried), Rou Cong Rong (Cistanche) (soaked in wine, wrinkled skin removed, sliced and dried), Lu Rong (Deer Antler) (soaked in wine, roasted, hair removed), Tu Si Zi (Dodder Seed) (soaked in wine for three days, dried), Du Zhong (Eucommia Bark) (skin removed, roasted), Yang Qi Shi (Actinolith) (soaked in wine, finely ground), Gui (Cinnamon Bark) (rough bark removed), Hou Po (Magnolia Bark) (rough bark removed, roasted with ginger juice), Wu Zhu Yu (Evodia Fruit) (roasted), Dang Gui (Angelica Sinensis) (sliced and dried), Fu Zi (Prepared Aconite Root) (processed, skin and navel removed), Gan Jiang (Dried Ginger) (processed), Jing San Leng (Burreed Tuber) (baked and chopped), Bi Xie (Dioscorea Hypoglauca Rhizome) (three liang each), Gan Cao (Licorice Root) (roasted, one liang).
The above eighteen medicinal materials. Pound and sieve into powder. First, boil five bowls of good wine in a silver or earthenware vessel with the Ju Pi powder until it resembles maltose syrup. Add the other medicines, mix evenly, pound three to five hundred times, form pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take twenty to thirty pills per dose, on an empty stomach with warm wine or salted water.

Treating coldness and deficiency of the Kidney, loss of appetite, fatigue. Yang Gu Jian Wan (Sheep Bone Decoction Pill) Formula:
Yang Ji Gu (Sheep Spine Bone) (one spine, meat removed, cut into sections, boiled with two liang of Nao Sha and two sheng of vinegar; repeatedly boil and dip the bone to roast until yellow and crisp, until the vinegar is exhausted, finely chopped and dried), Chen Xiang (Agarwood) (chopped), Mu Xiang (Aucklandia Root), Bing Lang (Areca Nut) (chopped), Gui (Cinnamon Bark) (rough bark removed), Ren Shen (Ginseng), Niu Xi (Achyranthes Root) (soaked in wine, sliced and dried), Bai Fu Ling (Poria) (black skin removed), Shan Yu (Dioscorea), Yu Li Ren (Bush Cherry Seed) (soaked in decoction, skin removed), Fu Zi (Prepared Aconite Root) (processed, skin and navel removed), Bai Zhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome), Ding Xiang (Clove), Rou Cong Rong (Cistanche) (soaked in wine, wrinkled skin removed, sliced and dried), Shi Hu (Dendrobium) (half liang each), A Wei (Asafoetida) (one fen, dissolved in vinegar, mixed with flour to make cakes, roasted dry).
The above sixteen medicinal materials. Pound and sieve into powder. Boil flour paste in wine. Form pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take twenty to thirty pills per dose on an empty stomach with salted wine or salted water.

Tonifying deficiency, breaking down old cold. Nei Jiu Wan (Internal Moxibustion Pill) Formula:
Fu Zi (Prepared Aconite Root) (processed, skin and navel removed), Bai Fu Ling (Poria) (black skin removed), Yuan Zhi (Polygala Root) (heart removed), Ba Ji Tian (Morinda Officinalis) (heart removed), Po Gu Zhi (Psoralea Fructus) (soaked in wine, roasted), Hu Tou Gu (Tiger Head Bone) (roasted with butter), Niu Xi (Achyranthes Root) (soaked in wine, sliced and dried), Lian Shi (Chinaberry Fruit) (roasted, pits removed), Mu Xiang (Aucklandia Root) (one liang each), Wu Zhu Yu (Evodia Fruit) (soaked in wine overnight, roasted), Bai Qian Niu (White Morning Glory Seed) (roasted, half liang each).
The above eleven medicinal materials. Pound and sieve into powder. First, simmer two liang of Fudao Ai (Mugwort) and one sheng of wine until reduced by half, filter out the mugwort. Add one fen each of Da Huang (Rhubarb) powder and Nao Sha powder. Simmer again in a silver or earthenware vessel until a paste forms. Cool, mix with the other medicines. If too dry, add wine paste to form pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take ten pills per dose, morning and evening with salted water.

Treating deficiency and exhaustion of the lower Yuan, cold pain in the waist, frequent slippery urination, attacking pain from cold Qi, insufficiency due to deficiency. Nao Sha Wan (Ammonium Chloride Pill) Formula:
Nao Sha (Ammonium Chloride) (half liang, finely ground, boiled in water to refine into frost), Qing Yan (Green Salt) (finely ground, three liang), Sheng Jiang (Fresh Ginger) (five jin, juice extracted), Fu Zi (Prepared Aconite Root) (half a jin, raw, skin and navel removed, made into powder; slowly simmer with Nao Sha, Qing Yan, Fu Zi powder, and Sheng Jiang juice until thick, store in porcelain), Rou Cong Rong (Cistanche) (soaked in wine, wrinkled skin removed, sliced and dried), Yuan Zhi (Polygala Root) (heart removed), Mu Xiang (Aucklandia Root), Shan Zhu Yu (Cornus Fruit), Ba Ji Tian (Morinda Officinalis) (heart removed), Shan Yu (Dioscorea), Shi Hu (Dendrobium) (roots removed, chopped, two liang each).
The above eleven medicinal materials. Pound and sieve into powder, mix evenly with the previous medicine. Refine honey to form pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take twenty pills per dose on an empty stomach with warm wine.

Tonifying deficiency and cold, consolidating the Original Zang, eliminating long-standing accumulation in the Spleen and Stomach. Jin Sui Wan (Golden Marrow Pill) Formula:
Yang Ji Gu (Sheep Spine Bone) (one spine, meat removed; coat with half liang of Nao Sha powder dissolved in one bowl of strong vinegar, roast slowly over fire until the vinegar is exhausted and the bone is酥 [crisp/brittle], dry and make into powder separately), Niu Xi (Achyranthes Root) (soaked in wine, sliced and dried, one liang), Jing San Leng (Burreed Tuber) (processed and chopped, one and a half liang), Fu Zi (Prepared Aconite Root) (processed, skin and navel removed), Xiang Zi (Nigella Seed) (roasted), Chu Shi (Chinese Mulberry Fruit) (one liang each), Gui (Cinnamon Bark) (rough bark removed), Shi Hu (Dendrobium) (chopped, one and a half liang each).
The above eight medicinal materials. Except for the sheep bone and Nao Sha, pound and sieve into powder, mix with the previous powder. Boil flour paste in wine. Form pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take twenty to thirty pills per dose on an empty stomach with warm wine.

Treating accumulated cold in the Original Zang, Ben Tun Qi (rushing gas) attacking upward, pain in the heart and abdomen, benefiting Qi transformation and resolving accumulation. Chen Xiang Wan (Agarwood Pill) Formula:
Chen Xiang (Agarwood) (chopped), Mu Xiang (Aucklandia Root) (half liang each), Nao Sha (Ammonium Chloride) (half liang, boiled in water to refine into frost), Fu Zi (Prepared Aconite Root) (processed, skin and navel removed, one liang), Ding Xiang (Clove), Bing Lang (Areca Nut) (chopped), Xiang Zi (Nigella Seed) (roasted, half liang each).
The above seven medicinal materials. Pound and sieve into powder. Boil flour paste in wine. Form pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take twenty to thirty pills per dose. On an empty stomach with salted water or salted wine.

Treating all types of latent cold Qi and hidden fire. Tai Yang Dan (Sun Yang Elixir) Formula:
Liu Huang (Sulfur) (ten liang), Dan Sha (Cinnabar) (five liang).
The above two ingredients. Grind together extremely finely and sift. Twenty-five liang of Zhen Sha (Needle Sand/Iron Filings) are washed clean with water. All are placed in a three-dou iron pot. Maintain water level at seven-tenths full. Boil for seven shichen. Add hot water as needed. Stir frequently with a southeast willow branch with skin. If medicine sticks to the branch, scrape it off with mulberry root bark and return to the pot. After the required time, take a small amount and burn on fire; stop when no "ghost flame" appears. If ghost flame appears, continue boiling. Once no ghost flame remains, extinguish fire. Use water flotation method to separate and discard the needle sand. Slowly evaporate remaining water from Cinnabar and Sulfur in the pot. Form into blocks. Place in a raw iron vessel. Surround with over one jin of charcoal and melt. Wait for fire to extinguish and cool. Wrap medicine in five to seven layers of paper. Bury in a pit overnight. Take out, grind finely. Boil dates with rush stem, peel, and mix pulp to form pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take two to three pills per dose on an empty stomach with warm water or warm wine.

Treating long-term deficiency of Spleen and Kidney, stubborn cold in the umbilical and abdominal region, dim vision and dry ears, heavy body and painful feet, difficulty walking, weakness in legs and knees, tonifying Dan Tian, strengthening bones and tendons. Er Shi Wan (Two Stones Pill) Formula:
Ci Shi (Magnetite) (two liang, calcined in vinegar seven times), Nao Sha (Ammonium Chloride) (half liang).
The above two ingredients. Crush, place in a clay jar, seal with salt mud, burn with charcoal until red-hot. Cool, take out, grind finely. Boil one pair of sheep kidneys in wine, chop finely, grind to extract juice. Add a little flour to make paste. Mix to form pills the size of paulownia seeds. Dry in shade. Take thirty pills per dose on an empty stomach before meals with salted water.

Treating Yuan Qi deficiency and cold in men, red and white leukorrhea in women, coldness in the Blood Sea. Fu Zi Wan (Aconite Pill) Formula:
Fu Zi (Prepared Aconite Root) (one liang, processed, skin and navel removed), Nao Sha (Ammonium Chloride) (one qian, boiled in water to refine into frost).
The above two ingredients. Pound and grind into powder. Boil flour paste in wine. Form pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take thirty pills per dose. Men take with salted water, women with vinegar water. Take on an empty stomach.