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Commentary states: The *Neijing* (Inner Canon) mentions that the waist is the mansion of the Kidney; if turning and shaking are difficult, it indicates that Kidney Qi is about to fail. The knee is the mansion of the sinews; if flexion and extension are impossible, and walking requires bending over and leaning on others, it indicates that Sinew Qi is about to fail. Generally, the Kidney governs the waist, and the Liver governs the sinews, which gather at the knees. If the Kidney organ is deficient and damaged, and the Liver Yuan (Primordial Origin) is injured and exhausted, then the bones and sinews will suffer disease, causing the waist and knees to become inflexible.

**Tan'qi Wan Formula**, for treating deficiency-cold of the Primordial Organ, weakness and pain in the waist and knees, moistening the skin, enhancing complexion, and promoting appetite.
Tan'qi (Soaked in wine, lightly roasted), Lurong (De-hair, roasted with lard), Rongzhrong (Soaked in wine, sliced, dried), Niuxi (Soaked in wine, sliced, dried), Renshen, Muxiang, Duhuo (Remove rhizome head), Tianma, Baizhu, Fangfeng (Remove twigs), Bajitian (Remove heart), Shexiang (Grind), Tiefen (Grind), Wuweizi (Each 1 liang), Shihu (Remove roots), Chenxiang (Chop), Bai Fuling (Remove black skin), Yuanzhi (Remove heart), Changpu (Soak in rice water, slice, dry).
Shanyu, Bidengqie, Dingxiang, Roudoukou (Remove shell), Helilepi (Each 3 qian), Binglang (Chop), Shu Gan Dihuang (Roast).
Bixie, Songhua (Each 1.5 liang), Dansha (Grind), Chishizhi (Grind, each 2 liang).
The above thirty ingredients. Pound and grind into fine powder, sieve to ensure uniformity, mix with refined honey and pound until uniform. Form pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take 20-30 pills per dose, before meals on an empty stomach, with warm wine. Millet drink is also acceptable.

For treating Kidney and Liver deficiency, weakness and pain in the waist and knees, as well as cold-induced red and white leukorrhea in women, strengthening bones and sinews. **Mugua Jian Wan Formula**.
Mugua (Three large ones from Xuanzhou, cut top, remove pulp to form a pot shape, insert Zhusha powder, place in a new jar, steam, add thin maltose, grind until soft). Zhusha (Half liang, boil in water until frost forms). Qianghuo (Remove rhizome head), Juhua (Steam), Digupi, Gusuibu, Niuxi (Soaked in wine, sliced, dried), Wuzhuyu (Soaked in soup, dried, fried, each 2 liang), Hujiao, Bidengqie, Helile (Stove-remove pit), Gui (Remove coarse bark), Huluba, Buguzhi (Fried), Bajitian, Renshen (Each 1 liang), Ganjiang (Pao), Gancao (Zhi, each half liang).
The above eighteen ingredients. Pound sixteen ingredients into powder. Mix evenly with Mugua and Zhusha paste, add a little cooked honey, pound three thousand times. Form pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take 20 pills per dose, before meals and before sleep, with warm wine. Increase by one pill every two days, up to forty pills.

For treating long-term deficiency of Liver and Kidney, inflexibility of waist and knees, emaciated and haggard skin, gradually developing into chronic fatigue disease. Taking this strengthens bones and sinews, enhances complexion, resists cold and heat, increases strength, and tonifies essence and marrow. **Shihu Wan Formula**.
Shihu (Remove roots), Niuxi (Soaked in wine, sliced, dried), Shanzhuyu, Xuduan, Chenxiang (Chop), Rongzhrong (Soaked in wine overnight, sliced, dried), Zhongru (Grind), Gui (Remove coarse bark), Shu Gan Dihuang (Roast), Bai Fuling (Remove black skin), Zexie, Huangqi (Chop), Tusizi (Soaked in wine for three days, separately pounded and sun-dried), Shechuangzi, Shanyu, Fuzi (Pao-cracked, remove skin and navel), Lurong (De-hair, roasted with lard), Bajitian (Remove heart), Duzhong (Remove coarse bark, roast), Buguzhi (Fried, each 1 liang).
The above twenty ingredients. Grind together into fine powder, mix with refined honey and pound. Form pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take 20-30 pills per dose, before meals, with warm wine or salt water as desired.

For treating Liver and Kidney deficiency, weakness of waist and knees, fatigue and stuffiness of four limbs, cold pain in abdomen and hypochondrium, strengthening sinew power, harmonizing Qi and Blood, and warming. **Mugua Wan Formula**.
Mugua (Two from Xuanzhou, remove skin and pulp, hollow out). Zhusha (Half liang, stored in silk bag inside Mugua). Yangshen (One pair, ground). Use four sheng of good wine in a silver or earthenware vessel, heat until Zhusha is exhausted, remove bag, boil down to paste. Xiongque (One pair, remove feathers, claws, intestines, bones, grind meat). Rongzhrong (Soaked in wine overnight, sliced, dried, 2 liang). Huluba, Fuzi (Pao-cracked, remove skin and navel), Chenxiang (Chop), Muxiang, Xiangzi (Boat-up origin, fried), Lianshi (Chop, fried), Bajitian (Remove heart), Jiaohong, Qingjupi (Remove white pith, dry), Binglang (Chop), Gui (Remove coarse bark, each 1 liang).
The above sixteen ingredients. Pound twelve ingredients into powder. Mix with the paste from the first four ingredients to form pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take 30 pills per dose, before meals, with salt wine.

To warm and nourish Liver and Kidney, regulate Qi and Blood, tonify deficiency and expel pathogens, treat wind-bi of waist and knees, numbness of skin, or difficulty walking due to downward flow of pathogens. Long-term use prevents forgetfulness, benefits Heart Qi, clears head and eyes, and calms Shen. **Hugu Jiu Formula**.
Hujinggu (1 liang, roasted with lard), Huangqi (Chop), Jiegeng (Fried), Suanzaoren (Fried), Fushen (Remove wood), Qianghuo (Remove rhizome head).
Shichangpu (Soak in rice water overnight, slice, dry), Yuanzhi (Remove heart), Xiong, Niuxi (Soaked in wine overnight, slice, dry), Rongzhrong (Soaked in wine overnight, slice, dry), Shu Gan Dihuang (Roast), Fuzi (Raw, remove skin and navel, soak in fresh water for half a day, split into two pieces, change water and soak for another day, then dry), Bixie, Shihu (Remove roots, each 1 liang), Fangfeng (Remove twigs), Lingyangjiao (Sliced, each half liang).
The above seventeen ingredients. Chop finely, place in raw silk bag, immerse in one dou of strong wine. Seal bottle mouth. Soak for three days in spring/summer, seven days in autumn/winter. Take one cup warm daily, twice a day. If finished, add five sheng of wine and soak again. After finishing again, take dregs, dry, grind to powder. Take one qian bi per dose, mixed with wine. Or make honey pills the size of paulownia seeds, take 30 pills per dose, before meals with warm wine.

For treating cold-wind of lower Yuan flowing into waist and knees, inability to walk, resembling soft wind, tonifying Yang Qi. **Wutou Jian Wan Formula**.
Wutou (Five liang, soak in changing water until soft, remove skin and navel, chop finely. Simmer in three sheng of good wine until mushy, grind finely into paste). Mugua (Three, hollow bottom, remove pulp and core, fill with pounded ripe Ai powder, steam until soft, grind). Haitongpi (Chop), Niuxi (Remove sprouts, soak in wine, slice, dry), Qianghuo (Remove rhizome head), Bajitian (Remove heart), Rongzhrong (Soaked in wine, slice, dry, each 1.5 liang).
Qingyan (Grind), Qingjupi (Remove white pith, dry), Xiangzi (Fried), Gouji (Remove hair), Bixie (Each 2 liang).
The above twelve ingredients. Pound ten ingredients into powder. Mix evenly with the paste from the previous two ingredients. Form pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take 30 pills per dose, before meals, with warm wine or salt water as desired.

For treating injury and exhaustion of lower meridians, weakness of waist and knees, wrinkled and darkened skin of four limbs, bone and sinew pain, difficulty walking. **Yanggu Jian Wan Formula**.
Yangjigu (One strip), Fuzi (Pao-cracked, remove skin and navel), Binglang (Chop), Huangqi (Honey-roast, chop), Zhike (Remove pulp, fry, each 1 liang), Chenxiang (Chop), Shujiao (Remove eyes and closed mouth, fry until sweat appears), Gui (Remove coarse bark), Muxiang (Each half liang).
The above nine ingredients. Pound and sieve eight ingredients into powder. Use Feiguo Zhusha (calcined cinnabar) two liang, Fa Jiu (medicinal wine) and Rice Vinegar one sheng each. Simmer together with Yangjigu in a silver vessel using moderate fire until wine and vinegar are exhausted. Dry, pound, and sieve into powder. Make paste with wine and flour. Mix with the eight herb powders and pound. Form pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take 20-30 pills per dose, before meals and before sleep, with warm wine or salt water.

For treating heaviness of four limbs, weakness of feet and knees, cold pain in bone marrow, strengthening bones and sinews, clarifying ears and eyes. **Bashen San Formula**.
Fuzi (Remove skin and navel, 1 liang), Wutou (Remove skin and navel), Caotouwuwu (Each 2 liang, chop each into three segments, use together with 2 liang salt, slow-fire boil for one day, then dry). Fangfeng (Half jin). The above four ingredients should be chopped into similar-sized chunks.
Shechuangzi, Langdangzi, Malinzi, Wuzhuyu (Each 2 liang).
The above eight ingredients. Slow-fire fry until smoke appears. Quickly pour onto clean ground. Pick out Fuzi, Fangfeng, Wutou, etc. Pound and sieve into fine powder. Store in porcelain container. Take one qian bi per dose, before meals, facing east, mixed with well-water. Start with ten pills, gradually increase to three qian bi over days.

For treating deficiency of Primordial Organ, downward flow to waist and knees, difficulty walking, weakness of knees and shins, tonifying deficiency. **Bixie Wan Formula**.
Bixie (6 liang), Duzhong (Remove coarse bark, roast, 2.5 liang), Niuxi (Soaked in wine for two days, slice, dry), Xuduan, Gan Mugua (Dry, each 3 liang), Gui (Remove coarse bark, half liang).
The above six ingredients. Pound and sieve into fine powder. Refined honey pills the size of small marbles. Coat with Dansha powder. Take one pill per dose, before meals, chewed with warm wine. Mugua soup is also acceptable.

For treating deficiency of Primordial Organ, pain of waist, knees, bones, and sinews. **Beili Wan Formula**.
Buguzhi (2 liang, light fry), Guixin (2 liang), Suosha (1 liang, remove skin), Fuzi (2 liang, Pao-cracked, remove skin and navel), Muxiang (2 liang), Anshixiang (2 liang, boil in wine to make paste), Lu Jiaojiao (2 liang, crush, fry until yellow and dry).
The above seven ingredients. Pound and sieve into powder. Mix with refined honey and Anshixiang paste. Pound three to two hundred times. Form pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take 30 pills per dose, before meals, with warm wine daily.

To warm lower Yuan, tonify bones and sinews, long-term use makes one robust and glowing. **Buguzhi Wan Formula**.
Buguzhi (5 liang, light fry, pound into powder), Hutao Ren (2 liang, grind to fat-like consistency), Honey (4 liang).
The above three ingredients. Mix honey and Hutao Ren, cook until like thin maltose. Add Buguzhi powder. Mix and form pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take 30 pills per dose, before meals, with warm wine daily.

For treating extreme bone deficiency and Kidney deficiency, sour pain in bone marrow of feet and knees, suitable for tonification. **Suanzaoren San Formula**.
Suanzaoren (8 liang, light fry), Hujinggu (8 liang, coat with lard, roast until yellow), Shu Gan Dihuang (8 liang), Duzhong (2 liang, remove skin, fry yellow), Guixin (3 liang), Niuxi (3 liang, remove sprouts).
The above six ingredients. Pound and sieve into powder. Take two qian bi per dose, mixed with Walnut Wine. Scallion tea is also acceptable. Take one dose before meals, at noon, midnight, and before sleep.

For treating extreme bone deficiency and Kidney deficiency, sour pain in feet and knees. **Suanzaoren San Formula**.
Suanzaoren (Light fry), Hujinggu (Lard-roasted), Shu Gan Dihuang (Roast, each 8 liang), Duzhong (Remove coarse bark, roast), Gui (Remove coarse bark), Niuxi (Remove sprouts, each 3 liang).
The above six ingredients. Chop finely. Immerse in one dou five sheng of wine for three days. Sun-dry. Re-immers in wine for three days. Sun-dry. Repeat until wine is consumed. Pound and sieve into fine powder. Take two qian bi per dose, before meals, mixed with warm wine.

Tonifying, strengthening bones and sinews, preserving complexion. **Niuxi Mugua Wan Formula**.
Niuxi (2 liang, soaked in wine overnight, sliced, dried), Mugua (One, remove top and pulp, insert one liang Ai, steam until soft), Bajitian (Remove heart, fry), Xiangzi (Fry), Muxiang (Each 1 liang), Gui (Remove coarse bark, half liang).
The above six ingredients. Pound five ingredients into powder. Add cooked Mugua and Ai. Pound one thousand times. Form pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take 20 pills per dose, before meals, with warm wine.

For treating cold qi of lower zang organs, weakness of waist and knees. **Chenxiang Wan Formula**.
Chenxiang (Chop, 1 liang), Baizhi (1 liang), Wuyao (Chop, 4 liang), Dingxiang, Xiangzi (Fry, each half liang).
The above five ingredients. Pound and sieve into powder. Refined honey pills the size of small chicken heads. Take one pill per dose, before meals, chewed with warm wine.

For treating feet and knees, strengthening bones and sinews, darkening beard and temples, treating wind-deficiency, enhancing complexion, tonifying. **Heshouwu Wan Formula**.
Heshouwu (1.5 jin), Changpu (0.5 jin, these two soaked in rice water for five days, changed daily, sliced with copper knife, dried), Niuxi (Remove sprouts, 1 jin), Tiannanxing (4 liang).
The above four ingredients. All raw, ground into powder. Mix with five sheng of strong vinegar and one dou of good wine. Cook with moderate fire into paste. Form pills the size of paulownia seeds when possible. Take 20-30 pills per dose, before meals, with salt water. Take ten pills before sleep with salt tea.

Tonifying and strengthening waist and legs, highly effective. **Sibei Wan Formula**.
Shujiao (Remove eyes and closed mouth, fry until sweat appears, 1 liang), Tusizi (Soaked in wine for three nights, separately pounded, 2 liang), Bixie (Wash, dry, 4 liang), Niuxi (Soaked in wine for two nights, sliced, dried, 8 liang).
The above four ingredients. Grind together into fine powder. Refined honey, pound five hundred times. Form pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take 30-50 pills per dose, morning and evening, with warm wine or salt water. After one year of use, walking speed will be like a galloping horse.

Tonifying lower Yuan, darkening beard and temples, strengthening feet and knees, promoting appetite, enhancing complexion, treating backache. **Duzhong Wan Formula**.
Duzhong (Remove coarse bark, roast, grind), Buguzhi (Fry until fragrant, grind), Hutao Ren (Soak in water, remove skin, grind, each 1 liang).
The above three ingredients. Grind uniformly. Refined honey pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take 30 pills per dose, before meals, with warm wine.

For treating weakness of waist and knees, difficulty walking, deficiency-exhaustion with cold accumulation, sallow complexion and edema, irregular appetite. **Wuzhuyu Wan Formula**.
Wuzhuyu (Wash in soup, dry, fry), Qingjupi (Remove white pith, dry), Ganjiang (Pao, equal parts).
The above three ingredients. Pound and sieve into powder. Mix with non-grain wine to form dough. Make cakes with non-grain wine and flour, thickness of one finger. Place duck-egg-sized amount of medicine in each cake. Roast in straw fire (half burnt, half added continuously) until fragrant and cooked. Cool, remove flour, take medicine. Mix with wine to form dough. Form pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take 30 pills per dose, before meals, at noon, midnight, and before sleep, with salt water.

For treating waist and knees, tonifying lower Yuan, strengthening bones and sinews. **Dihuang San Formula**.
Sheng Dihuang (5 jin), Wujia Pi (5 liang), Niuxi (Remove sprouts, half jin).
The above three ingredients. Chop finely. Soak Dihuang in wine overnight. Steam and sun-dry nine times. Pound and sieve into powder. Take two qian bi per dose, before meals, with warm wine. Rice porridge is also acceptable.

For treating pain in waist and knees, all cold diseases in abdomen, enhancing complexion, solidifying bone marrow, walking like a galloping horse. **Dixian Jian Formula**.
Shanyu powder (1 jin), Xingren (Soak in water, remove skin and tips, double kernels, one sheng), Raw Cow Milk (one sheng).
The above three ingredients. Grind Xingren extremely fine. Mix with raw cow milk and squeeze to extract juice. Mix with Shanyu powder. Seal in new porcelain vessel. Boil in double boiler for one day until decocted. Take one spoon per dose, before meals, mixed with warm wine.

For treating accumulated cold and sour pain in waist and knees, or numbness and weakness, strengthening True Yuan. **Tusizi Wan Formula**.
Tusizi, Niuxi (Cut into inch-lengths, each 1 liang).
The above two ingredients. Soak in good wine in silver or earthenware vessel, wine level one cun above herbs. Soak for five days. Drain and dry. Pound and sieve into powder. Use original soaking wine to cook flour paste. Form pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take 30 pills per dose, before meals, with wine.

For treating bone marrow deficiency and exhaustion, weakness of waist and knees. **Bajitian Wan Formula**.
Bajitian (Remove heart, 3 qian), Huangqi (Chop, 1 liang), Yuanzhi (Remove heart), Niuxi (Remove roots, soak in wine, dry), Shu Gan Dihuang (Roast), Shanyu (Each 3 qian), Gui (Remove coarse bark), Wuweizi, Fuzi (Pao-cracked, remove skin and navel, each half liang).
Zhushen (One pair, remove fat membrane, split open. Insert 49 grains of Shujiao and a little salt flower. Mix well. Wrap in wet paper. Roast until cooked. Remove Shujiao. Grind finely to paste. Use to bind other herbs).
The above ten ingredients. Pound nine ingredients into powder. Mix with Zhushen paste. Form pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take 20 pills per dose, with warm wine.