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It is stated that the Lung is the canopy of the five zang organs (the highest organ covering the others), and its orifice opens to the nose. When Lung Qi is harmonious, the nasal passages are patent; if the Lung is affected by wind-cold, symptoms such as clear rhinorrhea, nasal polyps, and loss of smell may occur. If there is excess heat in the Lung, sores and pain may arise. If heat from the Gallbladder transfers to the brain, turbid rhinorrhea will persist, a condition known as Bi Yuan (Nasal Sinusitis). Since the clinical manifestations differ, the treatment methods also vary.

It is stated that nasal congestion with obstructed breathing results from the Lung being affected by wind-cold, causing Qi to knot and stagnate without being able to diffuse freely. Severe obstruction prevents the entry and exit of breath. Chao Yuanfang attributed this obstruction to the growth of nasal polyps; however, there are cases where breath is obstructed without the presence of polyps. Therefore, these conditions should be differentiated and treated accordingly.

Formula for Shujiao Tang (Sichuan Pepper Decoction) for treating nasal congestion and obstructed breathing:
Shu Jiao (Fructus Zanthoxyli, remove eyes and closed-mouth ones, stir-fry until oil comes out, 0.5 liang), Gan Jiang (Radix Zingiberis Preparata, processed, 1 fen), Fu Zi (Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata, processed until cracked, remove skin and umbilicus, 0.5 liang), Gui (Ramulus Cinnamomi, remove coarse bark, 1 fen), Shan Yu (Radix Dioscoreae Hypoglaucae, 3 fen), Xi Xin (Herba Asari, remove seedlings and leaves, 0.5 liang), Shi Hu (Caulis Dendrobii, remove roots, 1 fen), Shan Zhu Yu (Fructus Corni, 0.5 liang), Xing Ren (Semen Pruni Armeniacae, 50 grains, remove skin, tips, and double-kernel ones, stir-fry and grind), Ma Huang (Herba Ephedrae, remove roots and joints), Bai Fu Zi (Rhizoma Typhonii Preparatum, processed), Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata, honey-fried, each 0.5 liang).
The above twelve ingredients are chopped like hemp seeds. Each dose consists of 2 qian bi, boiled in one sheng of water until reduced to 0.7 sheng. Strain and take warm on an empty stomach.

Formula for Renshen Tang (Ginseng Decoction) for treating Lung wind attacking upwards, causing nasal congestion:
Renshen (Radix Ginseng), Bai Fu Ling (Poria, remove black skin), Huang Qin (Radix Scutellariae, remove black heart), Chen Ju Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, soaked in water, remove white pith, stir-fry), Ma Huang (Herba Ephedrae, remove roots and joints), Shu Jiao (Fructus Zanthoxyli, remove eyes and closed-mouth ones, stir-fry until oil comes out), Qiang Huo (Rhizoma et Radix Notopterygii, remove root stock, each 0.5 liang).
The above seven ingredients are coarsely crushed and sifted. Each dose consists of 3 qian bi, boiled in 1.5 sheng of water until reduced to 0.7 sheng. Strain and take warm after meals.

Formula for Xingren Jian (Apricot Kernel Paste) for treating Lung injury by cold qi, coughing with sputum, heavy voice, nasal congestion, and tonifying the Lung:
Xing Ren (Semen Pruni Armeniacae, remove skin, tips, and double-kernel ones, 2 liang, grind), Zao Rou (Flesh Jujubae, boiled, remove skin and pits, 1 sheng), Bai Mi (Mel), Su (Butyrum), Sheng Jiang Zhi (Jucius Zingiberis Recens, each 0.5 sheng), Yang (Saccharum).
The above six ingredients are mixed and slowly simmered in a silver or earthenware vessel while stirring until cooked. Each dose is one spoonful, taken with warm wine after meals.

Formula for Renshen Wan (Ginseng Pill) for treating Lung wind attacking upwards, causing nasal congestion:
Renshen (Radix Ginseng), Fang Feng (Radix Saposhnikoviae, remove forked parts), Xi Xin (Herba Asari, remove seedlings and leaves), Huang Qi (Radix Astragali, chopped), Sha Shen (Radix Glehniae or Adenophorae), Mu Tong (Caulis Akebiae or Tetrapanacis, chopped), Gan Ju Hua (Flos Chrysanthemi, lightly stir-fried, each 0.5 liang).
The above seven ingredients are crushed, sieved into powder, and mixed with refined honey to form pills the size of paulownia seeds. Each dose is 10 pills, taken with warm water, twice daily.

Formula for Dangmo San (Dangmo Powder) for treating nasal obstruction and obstructed breathing:
Dang Mo (Lampblack, 0.5 liang).
The above single ingredient is ground into powder. Each dose is 2 qian bi, taken with warm water.

Formula for Xiaoji Tang (Cirsium Decoction) for treating nasal obstruction and obstructed breathing:
Xiao Ji (Herba Cirsii Japonici, one handful, cleaned).
The above single ingredient is finely chopped, boiled in two sheng of water until reduced to 0.8 sheng. Strain and take warm.

Formula for Muxiang Gao (Aucklandia Ointment) for treating nasal obstruction and unsmooth Qi flow:
Mu Xiang (Radix Aucklandiae), Xi Xin (Herba Asari, remove seedlings and leaves), Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis, sliced and dried), Xiong Qiong (Radix Ligustici Chuanxiong), Mu Tong (Caulis Akebiae or Tetrapanacis), Rui Ren (Semen Persicae or Pruni, ground), Bai Zhi (Radix Angelicae Dahuricae, each 0.5 liang).
The above seven ingredients are finely chopped, placed in a silver or earthenware vessel with sheep marrow, and slowly simmered until Bai Zhi turns yellow and the ointment forms. Strain, clarify, and let solidify. Take a amount the size of a soybean, insert into the nose, twice daily, until cured.

Formula for Zaojia San (Gleditsia Powder) for treating nasal congestion:
Zao Jia (Fructus Gleditsiae Sinensis, roasted, remove skin and seeds), Xi Xin (Herba Asari, remove seedlings and leaves), Xin Yi (Flos Magnoliae Biondii), Shu Jiao (Fructus Zanthoxyli, remove eyes and closed-mouth ones, stir-fry until oil comes out), Fu Zi (Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata, processed until cracked, remove skin and umbilicus, each 1 fen).
The above five ingredients are crushed and sieved into powder. Use a small amount, insufflated into the nose.

Formula for Danggui Gao (Angelica Ointment) for treating nasal obstruction:
Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis, sliced and dried), Di Xun Cao (Herba Pogostemonis Cablin), Mu Tong (Caulis Akebiae or Tetrapanacis), Xi Xin (Herba Asari, remove seedlings and leaves), Rui Ren (Semen Persicae or Pruni, ground, each 3 fen), Xiong Qiong (Radix Ligustici Chuanxiong), Bai Zhi (Radix Angelicae Dahuricae, each 0.5 liang).
The above seven ingredients are finely chopped, combined with four liang of sheep marrow in a silver or earthenware vessel, and slowly simmered until Bai Zhi turns yellow. Strain, pour into a container to clarify and solidify. Take a amount the size of a soybean, wrap in cotton, and insert into the nose three times daily. For heat syndromes, replace Dang Gui and Xi Xin with Huang Qin (Radix Scutellariae) and Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae).

Formula for Changpu San (Acorus Powder) for treating nasal obstruction and inability to breathe:
Chang Pu (Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii), Zao Jia (Fructus Gleditsiae Sinensis, roasted, remove skin and seeds, each 1 fen).
The above two ingredients are crushed and sieved into powder. Use 1 qian bi, wrap in cotton, and frequently insert into the nose while lying supine for a short period.

Formula for Gudi San (Melon Seed Powder) for treating nasal obstruction and obstructed breathing:
Gu Di (Fructus Cucumeris Mollis, 27 pieces).
The above single ingredient is crushed and sieved into powder. Insufflate a small amount into the nose to cure.

Formula for Huaiye Tang (Sophora Leaf Decoction) for treating nasal obstruction and obstructed breathing:
Huai Ye (Folium Sophorae Tonkinensis, 1 liang).
The above single ingredient is boiled in three sheng of water until reduced to two sheng. Remove the leaves, add Cong Bai (Bulbus Allii Cepae, 2 cun) and Chi Dou (Semen Sojae Preparatum, 1 he), boil for five to seven boils. Strain and divide into three warm doses, taken at any time.