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Fanshi (Alumen): Sour in taste, cold in nature, non-toxic. It primarily treats alternating chills and fever, diarrhea and dysentery, white purulent discharge (bai wo), erosion of the yin organs and malignant sores, eye pain; it strengthens bones and teeth, eliminates persistent heat in the bone marrow, and removes nasal polyps. *Yao Xing Lun* states: When used as an envoy (shi), it has slight toxicity. It can treat scrofula (shu lou) and lymphatic tuberculosis (luo li), epistaxis, and rhinorrhea (bi yuan); holding it in the mouth and swallowing saliva treats acute throat obstruction (hou bi). Ri Huazi states: Its nature is cool. It dispels wind, relieves fatigue, resolves phlegm, stops thirst, warms the Water Zang (Kidney), treats aphasia due to wind-stroke, and tinea/psoriasis (jie xuan). Liu Yuxi states: It treats qi-type dysentery. Another account says: It treats continuous oozing from the umbilicus in infants. It primarily treats leukoma (mu yi) and oral ulcers in children, treats podagra/jock itch (xiang gang jiao), and tooth swelling and pain. Licorice root (Gancao) serves as the envoy. Aversion: Oyster shell (Muli). Fear: Ephedra stem (Mahuang).

Cengqing (Chalcanthite): Sweet in taste, cold or very cold in nature, non-toxic. It primarily treats body heat, diarrhea with stagnation, difficulty in lactation in women, strangury (long bi), promotes fluid circulation, removes retained accumulations, stops thirst, and facilitates smooth function in the middle jiao. *Yao Xing Lun* states: When used as a minister (chen), it can treat five types of strangury, primarily difficult labor, making delivery easier and smoother; it relieves irritability, thirst, and dryness of the heart; it specifically treats lithiasis strangury (shi lin). Ri Huazi states: It treats mastitis (ru yong) and promotes fluid flow. *Shenghui Fang* states: It treats bladder inversion (bao zhuan) in women caused by forcibly withholding urine; administer two qian bi of the powder with green onion decoction. Leafy fern frond (Shiwei) serves as the envoy. Aversion: Cengqing itself (Note: likely a textual error in source for another herb's aversion, but extracted as is).

Kongqing (Blue Chalcanthite): Sweet and sour in taste, cold or very cold in nature, non-toxic. It primarily treats amaurosis (qing mang), deafness, brightens the eyes, benefits the nine orifices, unifies blood vessels, nourishes the spirit, supplements Liver Qi, treats red and swollen eyes, removes corneal opacities on the skin, stops tearing, promotes urination, induces lactation, unites joints, and breaks down hard accumulations. *Yao Xing Lun* states: When used as a sovereign (jun), it can treat cephalalgia due to wind, pacifies the Liver, and restores vision in cases of ruptured pupils. Another account says: It treats numbness of the arms and facial paralysis (mouth deviation) due to wind-stroke. Fear: Dodder seed (Tusizi).

Baiqing (White Chalcanthite): Sour in taste, slightly cold in nature, non-toxic. It primarily treats eye pain, stops tearing, wind-bi, benefits joints, unifies the nine orifices, breaks down fixed masses and accumulations, nourishes the Liver and Gallbladder, eliminates chills and fever, kills white parasites, treats cephalalgia and cold in the brain due to wind, stops irritability and thirst, tonifies deficiencies, and enriches Yin Qi. Long-term use lightens the body and prevents aging; it can melt gold and copper. *Qingxia Zi* states: It refreshes the spirit and Qi. Fear: Dodder seed (Tusizi). *Tang Ben Cao* states: The variety from Yuzhou is good, and that from Ezhou is secondary.