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**Yinyu (Ilex rotunda):** Bitter in taste, warm (or slightly warm) in nature, toxic. It primarily treats pathogenic qi in the five zang organs, cold-heat alternation in the heart and abdomen with emaciation, symptoms resembling malaria with regular paroxysms, and wind-damp bi pain in various joints. It treats chronic wind-dampness wandering through the four limbs and weakness of the legs. *Yaoxing Lun* states: Used as an envoy herb. Bitter and acrid in taste, slightly toxic. It can treat cold-heat conditions resembling malaria in the five zang organs, wind-bi in various joints, spasmodic stiffness and pain, soft foot disease and toxic wind in men and women, and warm malaria with regular paroxysms. Ri Huazi states: It treats all types of cold wind, weak sinews and bones, and trembling. Habitat: Mount Tai.

**Weilingxian (Clematis root):** Bitter and acrid in taste, cold (or slightly cold) in nature, toxic. It primarily treats cold damage, damp malaria, promotes the downward draining of water from the twelve channels, breaks up accumulations, resolves large hard masses (zheng jia), clears retained food stagnation and cold-heat pathogenic qi in the intestines and stomach, benefits the water passages, treats phlegm-fluid retention and cough. *Yaoxing Lun* states: Used as an envoy herb. It treats rebellious qi causing cough, swelling and fullness in the throat, zhu qi and gu poison, pi qi masses, and reduces edema.

**Baiqian (Cynanchum stauntonii root):** Bitter in taste, neutral in nature, toxic. It primarily treats gu poison and pathogenic qi, ghost zhu and other toxins, breaks up zheng jia accumulations and massive water retention, expels three types of parasites, and treats dizziness. Chen Zangqi states: It treats fei shi and you gu attaching to the throat, causing near-asphyxia. Peel the root, insert it into the throat, and rub the affected area; bleeding is considered effective.

**Baiwei (Anemone raddeana root):** Sweet in taste, neutral in nature, non-toxic. It primarily treats accumulations in the heart and abdomen and expels three types of parasites.

**Bailian (Ampelopsis japonica root):** It primarily treats carbuncles, ulcers, and scrofula. Crushed and applied to sores, it draws out pus and blood and promotes tissue regeneration. It can also be decocted for washing sores and soaking feet to treat tinea pedis (Hong Kong foot). Habitat: Mountain foothills. It resembles Wu Liao, has hairy leaves, and its roots survive winter.

**Baitouweng (Pulsatilla chinensis root):** Bitter and astringent in taste, slightly warm in nature, non-toxic. It primarily treats scrofula, dissipates carbuncles, treats wind sores on the head and face, five types of hemorrhoids, stops heart pain, nourishes blood and qi, and treats postpartum disorders and leukorrhea in women. Ri Huazi states: Sweet in taste. Long-term consumption aids fertility. It treats chronic diseases of the abdominal viscera, all types of cold qi, intestinal bleeding, and injuries from iron tools.

**Qinjiao (Gentiana macrophylla root):** Bitter in taste, warm in nature, non-toxic. It primarily treats various wind pathogens, unblocks the five zang organs, removes cold stagnation in the abdomen, clears long-standing phlegm-fluid accumulation in the chest and diaphragm, treats zheng jia and pi qi masses, purulent and foul fluid in the bladder, cold pain in the lower back and knees, and traumatic injuries. Long-term consumption prevents epidemics and malaria. Antagonistic substances: Tea and noodle soup. *Tang Bencao* states: It primarily treats kidney and lumbar issues, knee and leg diseases, accumulations, and chronic cold diseases in the intestines that have persisted for years; administration yields immediate efficacy.