陆士谔 著
王君慧 点校
内容提要
陆士谔(1878～1944)原名守先。青浦(今属上海希)人。明代陆文定公之后。世业儒，少时攻读经世之学，名重一邑。因屡困场屋，乃精研轩岐之术。初开业于松江，继迁沪上，求治者甚众。于医理每有阐发，对五运六气、司天在泉之学颇多研究。勤于著述，编撰有《医学南针》、《新注汪讱庵汤头歌诀》、《国医新话》、《家庭医术》、《丸散膏丹自制法》、《士谔医话》刊行于世。另辑有《叶天士秘方》、《竹林寺女科秘方》等。今据1938年上海校经山房本点校。
日本汉医复兴记西医学术，首推欧洲之德国、亚洲之日本，英、法、美诸邦，瞠乎后矣。乃近年日本西医界，自觉其素所信仰之西医学术，对于治疗上，缺点甚多，而又目睹汉医按脉撰方，对于西医不能治疗之症，辄奏奇效，于是虚心着手研究汉医书籍，特来中国访道者，不一其人。
原来日本盛行复兴皇汉医学运动。皇者，日本之土法草药治疗；汉者，中国传往之医学也。自数万人联名奏请复兴汉医之后，汉医在日本，已许正式挂牌开业。民众就诊者，日盛一日，就为从前日本国内不信西医者，向以民间疗法为重。所谓民间疗法，就是用本草中药治病。讲到实际，维新以来，汉医势力，始终盛行于民间，未尝有一日间断，不过隐与显之分别耳，一旦禁令解除，汉医脱颖而出，如雨后春笋，勃发不已。
日本皇汉医之开业者，莫不生涯鼎盛。汉医界出版杂志颇多，其尤著者，如《汉方与汉药》、《《皇汉医药杂志》等。皇汉医家之开业广告，遍登各杂志中。德国医药博士渡边熙氏且以皇汉医家之名义挂牌应世，弃西医学术而用汉方医药。日本汉医所组织之团体，各地俱有，其势力之庞大，为近年任何新兴事业所鲜见。东京有“东洋医道会”，即汉医之大同盟，日本议员猪野毛利荣、高桥熊次郎等，均为会员；政界要人头山满、田中弘之等，成为顾问；贵族院议员和田彦次郎，陆军中将、海军少将、药学博士、理学博士等，均为该会有力分子，又有“日本汉方医学会”、“本草学会”均极负时望。
汉医书之出版者，本草学会新印本草书籍数十种，《本草纲目》重编者已有四种，《本草纲目启蒙》、《国译本草纲目》等材料皆甚丰富。东京帝国大学教授富士川为日本之医学博士，又得文学博士学位，在学术界极负重望，现出其家藏之《医籍考》一书，内载中医书籍三千余种之考证及提要，精博为世所仅见，由帝国教育会出版，限印三百部，售价奇昂，非常名贵。此纠、出版之汉医书籍为数甚多。
汉医复兴一事，引起国内汉医与西医之信仰问题，当世信仰西医者大生动摇。日本最近出版之报纸杂志，咸以此为讨论中心，著名之杂志，均特辟皇汉医学座谈专栏。汉医药方，经各医院试验，认为有神奇特效者，已有肺病、白浊、脚气三方。
本年三月，日本帝国大学医科讲师，南阳堂医院院长留德医学博士引地兴五郎来华访道，偕同译员童桂荣氏，在沪访费子彬国医，到苏访顾允若、宋爱人、顾月槎、王闻喜、茅子明诸国医。博士言：本人致力医学，已逾二十载，开业以来，亦俱相当成绩，惟以学无止境，遂复留德实习，然以本人结果所得科学治疗，尚有赖乎皇汉医学补充之必要。近数年来，每用新药注射外，助以汉药汤剂，成绩特著。德国医界已有和汉医学治疗协同设施，而医科大学之毕业者，多修习汉医以充实新知。由此推想，汉医传至今日，必有真理存在，故特来华考察。道经贵地，与诸先生一为讨论，并予赐教为幸。经诸国医竭诚贡献，彼此互相讨论，博士均一一笔录于册。教授系统归纳大旨：1，汉医基本学为《素问》、《灵枢》。
2，汉医病理学、诊断学、治疗学、方剂学，首推后汉张机著述之《伤寒》、《金匮》为大成正宗之学，而后旁及《千金》、《外台》。3，宋元四家学说，各以时间之关系，为汉医中代之变局。4，清代为伤寒派、温热派互相发明之时代。故汉医授学程序：一以《素问》、《灵枢》、《伤寒》、《金匮》为必由之径；《千金》、《外台》等为考证之书；四家为承先启后中枢之轴；清代以至晚近学说为临机化裁之用，此汉医传真之学也。博士复书写平时经验汉方。
如盲肠炎之用龙胆清肠汤，肺炎之用苏于温肺散，均特倡之作。博士对于新医，亦有切实之发表，例如新医治疗之一，皮肤病，敷贴药膏，多不佳良，进汉方煎服，则预后特佳。二，割症后进汉方调治，恢复康健特速。三，癌症迄无特效方，镭锭治疗，多有引起内脏衰弱致死，惟于汉医方中，亦尚未得灵验良方，殊为引憾。然考之汉医方，其普遍易晓者，如六神丸、小金丹、犀黄丸、醒消丸等，以治癌之初起，不无有良好之效果。若癌已滋大，以大补气血，而外参以通瘀、行气、软坚之法，亦可缓缓消散。惟溃而神气衰败者为不治。博士云无灵验良方者，或指溃坏而言也。博士此次来华，交换智识，表示满意。并云一俟回国，当在青山南阳堂，倡立汉医研究社，一本世界医学大集合为宗旨，征集全国名医，刊行书报，面委当座诸国医师为当然社员，极愿精神上或物质上共同合作云。
余于日本汉医复兴一事，深有所感，觉得凡是一种学术，成立于世，必有其确切不磨之立脚点，此立脚点即是人心之真理。如日月经天，江河纬地，万非政治威权所能破坏，所能毁灭，佛氏所谓火炎不能伤、刀兵立摧折者，即是指此。吾国历史人物最霸道，最有权威者莫如秦始皇。然充始皇之力，只能够并吞六国，，北逐匈奴。其焚书坑儒。不过取快一时，身死尸骨未寒，而儒家之六经，已一字无缺的完全发现，威权不能毁灭真理也。西医之破坏国医，毁灭国医，亦已不遗余力，而真理在人心，以日本西医学术超越英法，如此其精进，政府威权之禁止汉医，如此其严厉，且有今日之觉悟，全国风起云涌，迷途未远，今是昨非。丽还观吾国之西医，长夜漫漫，酣梦沉沉，虽大声疾呼，未能醒之也。吾愿博士载籍而去，潜心研究，究竟菌能致病还是病能产菌?弓形菌、杆形菌、球形菌、双杆菌、单杆菌、双球菌、单球菌，凡菌类之分析，较之六淫七情之精究。孰为紧要?孰为有用?吾国医十二官之所主，十二经之所行，营卫气血之分，井营俞合之穴，是否果无凭据，果是玄说?人身细胞、原子、盐质、铁质、磷质、蛋白质、淀粉质、白血球、赤血球之化验分析，是否果属需要?脑膜炎、肋膜炎、腹膜炎等诸膜之发炎，肺炎、脑脊髓炎、盲肠炎等诸脏之发炎，仅知其炎而不知其所以炎，西医认为微菌作祟，因以致炎。国医归咎气血壅滞，因产微菌，而气血之所以壅滞，不出六淫外感，七情内伤，究竟何说为是?国医分经辨证，六经各有其主症，各有其副症，且营卫气血，界限分明，所以不论如何奇异新病，虽书籍未有载过，只要认清证据，不患无药可医，不必试验而能获效，较之验血、验痰、验尿之工作，是否稳妥而简要。西医以人体为对象，国医以病证为对象，此犹浅之乎言之。其实国医所最注重者，犹在病证之外，凡人精神之所寄，魂魄之所藏，意志之所出，是为生命之源泉，国医称之为元气，元气存，虽病重不死，元气亡，病虽轻必死，所以同一病证，而男女老幼强弱禀体不同，南北习俗城乡起居各异，而施治遂不能齐一，岂能以一种特效药，普治同样之疾病?此种地方尤须注意。凡此种种问题，一一皆须讨论。至于汉医药方，君臣佐使之组织，胜过科学化验之西医，此则博士已知之，不需吾言矣。
日本汉医复兴再记报载日本举国复兴皇汉医学运动之际，汉医之受人崇拜信仰。固不待言。东洋和汉医学研究会揭出：“现代医学改进之烽火”标帜，以为号召。意谓“现代医学，亟须改造，复兴汉医，犹如山顶举放烽火，将令全世界为之响应”。该会会长渡边熙氏，为德国留学生，得德国博士学位。归日本后，历任国内各大医院院长之职。今次发出宣言，谓“余每感西洋治疗学术，不敷应用，又无充分把握，乃决心习汉医。学成后，始知前者藐视汉医之心，全为意气用事，故欲极力表扬汉医，为世界医药学辟一新途径”云云。
当此举国注重汉医若狂之际，日本京都药学专门学校，有药窗会之组织，会长米仓昌达，为日本子爵，名重当世，特请药学博士中尾万三氏编辑《本草书目之考察》一书，于日皇大典纪念时出版。此书之刊行目的，即在导领全日本药学界研究中国本草。日本医药校学生视中国药物《本草》为生药学之重要课程，其重视中药出人意表。惟返顾国内医药校。西医校视中药如芥土，能不令人气阻？
日本帝国女子医专药科，亦有专攻汉医汉药之组织，药学博士冢本氏，监督进行，已有出版物多种，皆系研究中国医药者。
复兴汉医运动之阵容中，为举国所属目者。即《国译本草纲目》之出版，报纸竞相刊载其事，视为日本今日之新兴盛事。列名参加其事者，为东京帝国大学名誉教授、药学博士白井光太郎氏，任监修及校注之事，东京帝大教授、理学博士牧野富太郎氏，为《本草纲目》之考定者，尚有东京帝大教授、理学博士胁水氏等，均参与编译及改定工作，该书内容扩大为十五巨册，售日金八十元之巨。中国古人李时珍先生，为日本如此推崇，足见中国医学之真价值，世界上已有初步之认识。然而日本医学博士眼光中，只认识李时珍之《本草纲目》，尚未认识邹润庵之《本经疏证》。仅知药性，不识方义。按西医与中医不仅病证诊断上不同，病源认识上各异，对于药物，中医主合化，集个性各别之群药于一器，加水熬煮而成特殊之药汁；西医主分化，以一药分析各种成分而成各种之用，此中西医之不同处。今日人研究汉医，注重本草，不知方义，去吾汉医门墙，犹不知若干里，然较之吾国之西医，则已高人一等。
论日本复兴汉医事日本汉医复兴一事，余已两次作记，布诸《金钢钻报》。余对于此事，不作欢欣鼓舞之文，何以故?盖吾深信吾汉医之学术，所以成立于此世界，确有不可磨灭之立脚点，颠仆不破之真理性，万非政治威权所能摧残，所能毁灭。验诸往古，秦始皇焚书坑儒之虐政，元世祖九儒十丐之暴令，曾几何时?六经依然出现，儒家仍为世重。秦元之暴虐，何曾损及儒家之毫末?汉医见病之真，与儒家见理之确，初无二致。见儒之不减，即知医之常存。好生恶死，人之常情，汉医能去人之疾病，保人之性命，使人康强而多寿，则人同此心，心同此理。政治纵极其威权，而在学术上不过一时之显隐。日本西医学术之进步，已超出英美法比诸国，堪与德国娓美。而东洋和汉医学研究会会长、德国医学博士渡边熙氏发出宣言：余每感西洋治疗学术不敷应用，又无充分把握，乃决心学习汉医。学成后，始知前者藐视汉医之心，全为意气甩事，故欲极力表扬汉医，为世界医药学辟一新途径。而日本政府解除禁止汉医令后，全国汉医学团体风起云涌，如雨后之春笋。日译《本草纲目》每部十五巨册，售价至日金八十元。日本医界何以有如此举动，就为汉医自身，自有真价值，确有不可磨灭之立脚点，颠仆不破之真理性。然日人今日所研究，只偏在药性一方面，去方义犹远，去病源尤远，以吾国医看来，尚不过认识吾国医之初步耳，尚望埋头苦干，不断的继续研究，毋以一得自豪也。因和汉医学研究会，有现代医学改进之烽火之狂语，故余论及之。
《国医军阵伤科学概要》序国医治病，大要分为三因：一曰内因，五志六欲七情之病，其因皆自内出，名之曰内因；二曰外因，风寒暑湿燥火六淫之邪，皆由气交外感而成病，名曰外因；三曰不内外因，则指刀箭所伤，跌仆所损，筋断骨折，皮开肉碎诸病，既不属内，又不属外，名之曰不内外因。医书汗牛充栋，属于内因外因者居多。若夫不内外因，属于伤科，此中人大都长于术而绌于文，道重师承，秘由口授，是以其文殊少所见。董君志仁，精于伤科，特将生平经验所得，著成一书，名目《国医军阵伤科学概要》。其中各方，又经名医王一仁君逐一注释，将伤科不传之秘，公诸当世。从今而后。吾国医界对于向所视为神秘之伤科，亦得稍窥门径矣，因乐而为之序。
民国二十五年一月四日青浦陆士谔序于沪寓麻疯病的问题麻疯为疠风之一种，自古称为恶疾。有署名怜香阁主者，在《新闻报》宣布广东之麻疯病，其言曰：麻疯是比什么都要可怕的一个不治之症。如果一个人染了麻疯，他的一生就算完了。在欧洲中叶的时候，无论那一国，凡捉住了患麻疯的，就立刻把他枪毙。中国东北各省，麻疯病尚罕见，在广东就成为一个很严重的问题。
麻疯谷：广东顺德县过去数十里，有一个很荒芜的地方，患麻疯的人，都聚集在此，他们没有职业，没有工作，终日以求乞为生。其求乞方法，就是拿一根很长的木棒，上结一个小铁罐，向经过该地的人乞钱，如果不给他，他就会用口涎来对待你。据说这比什么东西还要毒。单身女人是不敢经过的，因为时时有被掳去的危险。
Lu Shie (1878–1944), originally named Shouxian. A native of Qingpu (now part of Shanghai). He was a descendant of Lu Wending of the Ming Dynasty. His family had a tradition of Confucian scholarship, and in his youth he studied practical statecraft, gaining great reputation in his county. After failing repeatedly in the imperial examinations, he devoted himself to the study of medicine (Xuanqi’s arts). He first practiced medicine in Songjiang, then moved to Shanghai, where he had many patients. He often elaborated on medical principles and conducted extensive research on the theories of Five Movements and Six Qi, Si Tian (Heavenly Stems governing the upper half of the year) and Zai Quan (Earthly Branches governing the lower half of the year). He was diligent in writing and compiled works such as *Medical South Compass*, *New Annotation of Wang Ren’an’s Rhymed Prescriptions for Decoctions*, *New Talks on National Medicine*, *Family Medical Skills*, *Self-Making Methods for Pills, Powders, Pastes, and Dan*, and *Shi’e’s Medical Conversations*, which were published. He also collected *Ye Tianshi’s Secret Prescriptions* and *Zhulinsi Gynecological Secret Prescriptions*. The current text is punctuated and proofread based on the 1938 edition published by Shanghai Jiaojing Shanfang.
**Record of the Revival of Han Medicine in Japan**
In terms of Western medical science, Germany in Europe and Japan in Asia are ranked first, while Britain, France, and the United States lag far behind. However, in recent years, the Japanese Western medical community has become self-aware that the Western medical science they formerly believed in has many shortcomings in treatment. Furthermore, witnessing that Han medicine (Traditional Chinese Medicine) achieves miraculous effects with symptoms that Western medicine cannot treat by taking pulses and prescribing formulas, they have humbly begun to study Han medicine books. Many people have specially come to China to seek the Way (Dao).
Originally, there was a movement in Japan to revive Huang-Han Medicine. "Huang" refers to Japan's indigenous herbal therapy; "Han" refers to the medicine transmitted from China. After tens of thousands of people jointly petitioned for the revival of Han medicine, Han doctors in Japan were permitted to officially hang up their signs and practice. The number of people seeking treatment increased day by day, including those who previously did not believe in Western medicine within Japan and valued folk therapies instead. The so-called folk therapy refers to treating diseases with Bencao (Materia Medica) and Chinese herbs. In reality, since the Meiji Restoration, the influence of Han medicine has always been prevalent among the people without a single day of interruption; it was merely a matter of being hidden or visible. Once the ban was lifted, Han medicine emerged prominently, growing vigorously like bamboo shoots after rain, unstoppable.
Han doctors operating under the Huang-Han banner enjoyed booming livelihoods. There were many magazines published by the Han medical community, notably *Kampo and Katsuyo* and *Journal of Kampo and Kanpo Medicine*. Advertisements for the opening of practices by Huang-Han doctors appeared in various magazines. Dr. Hideki Watanabe, a German medical doctor, even hung up his sign as a Huang-Han doctor, abandoning Western medical science and adopting Kampo medicine. Organizations formed by Japanese Han doctors existed everywhere, and their immense power was rarely seen in any emerging cause in recent years. Tokyo had the "Oriental Medical Way Association," a grand alliance of Han doctors; Japanese Diet members Ino Mouri E and Takahashi Kumajiro were members; political figures Tōyama Mitsuru and Tanaka Hiromi served as advisors; nobility Diet member Wada Kenjiro, Lieutenant General of the Army, Rear Admiral of the Navy, Doctor of Pharmacy, and Doctor of Science were all influential members. Additionally, the "Japan Kampo Medical Association" and the "Bencao Society" were highly respected.
Regarding the publication of Han medicine books, the Bencao Society newly printed dozens of Bencao books. There were already four re-editions of *Compendium of Materia Medica* (*Bencao Gangmu*), and materials such as *Enlightenment on Compendium of Materia Medica* and *National Translation of Compendium of Materia Medica* were very rich. Fujikawa, a professor at the University of Tokyo, was a Doctor of Medicine in Japan and also held a Doctorate in Literature, holding great prestige in the academic world. He now published his family's collection, *Examination of Medical Texts*, which contains textual research and summaries of over 3,000 Chinese medical books. Its precision and breadth are rare in the world. Published by the Imperial Education Society, limited to 300 copies, it was sold at a high price and was very precious. The number of Han medicine books published in this manner was large.
The revival of Han medicine sparked debates on faith in Han versus Western medicine domestically, causing significant wavering among contemporary believers in Western medicine. Recent newspapers and magazines in Japan made this the center of discussion, with famous magazines creating special columns for symposiums on Huang-Han Medicine. Han medicine prescriptions, tested by various hospitals, were found to have magical and specific effects for pulmonary tuberculosis, leukorrhea, and beriberi.
In March this year, Dr. Koichiro Ikuchi, lecturer at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, director of Nanyodo Hospital, and a German-trained medical doctor, came to China to seek the Way. Accompanied by translator Mr. Tong Guirong, he visited National Doctor Fei Zibin in Shanghai, and in Suzhou visited National Doctors Gu Yunruo, Song Airen, Gu Yuecha, Wang Wenxi, and Mao Ziming. The doctor said: "I have dedicated myself to medicine for over twenty years. Since starting my practice, I have achieved considerable results. However, knowing that learning has no limits, I went to Germany for further training. Yet, based on my results, scientific treatment still requires supplementation by Huang-Han Medicine. In recent years, besides using new drug injections, supplementing with Han medicine decoctions has yielded remarkable results. The German medical community has already established collaborative facilities for Wa-Kan (Japanese-Chinese) medicine treatment, and graduates of medical universities often study Han medicine to enrich their knowledge. From this, I infer that Han medicine, passed down to today, must contain truth. Therefore, I specially came to China to investigate. Passing through your region, it would be my honor to discuss with you gentlemen and receive your teachings." Through the sincere contributions of the National Doctors and mutual discussion, the doctor recorded everything in a notebook. The professor systematically summarized the main points: 1. The basic studies of Han medicine are *Suwen* (Basic Questions) and *Lingshu* (Spiritual Pivot).
2. For Han medicine pathology, diagnostics, therapeutics, and pharmacology, the authoritative orthodox studies are recommended to be Zhang Zhongjing’s *Treatise on Cold Damage* (*Shanghan Lun*) and *Essential Prescriptions of the Golden Casket* (*Jingui Yaolue*) from the Later Han Dynasty, followed by *Qianjin Fang* (Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold) and *Waitai Miyao* (Secret Essentials from the Outer Cabinet). 3. The theories of the Four Masters of Song and Yuan dynasties represent transitional changes in Han medicine due to temporal relationships. 4. The Qing Dynasty was an era of mutual elucidation between the Cold Damage School and the Warm Disease School. Thus, the curriculum for teaching Han medicine: *Suwen*, *Lingshu*, *Shanghan Lun*, and *Jingui Yaolue* are essential paths; *Qianjin Fang* and *Waitai Miyao* are texts for textual research; the Four Masters are the central axis connecting past and future; theories from the Qing Dynasty to modern times are for flexible application in clinical practice. This is the true transmission of Han medicine. The doctor also wrote down his usual experiences with Kampo formulas.
For example, Longdan Qingchang Tang (Gentian Clear Intestine Decoction) for appendicitis, and Su Zi Wenfei San (Perilla Seed Warming Lung Powder) for pneumonia, were specifically advocated. The doctor also made practical statements regarding New Medicine (Western Medicine). For instance, one treatment for skin diseases involves applying ointments, which are often ineffective; however, taking Han medicine decoctions internally yields excellent prognoses. Second, administering Han medicine formulas after surgery accelerates recovery significantly. Third, there is currently no specific prescription for cancer. Radium therapy often causes internal organ failure leading to death. Even in Han medicine, no miraculous effective formula has been found, which is regrettable. However, examining Han medicine formulas, common and understandable ones such as Liushen Wan (Six Gods Pill), Xiaojin Dan (Little Gold Pill), Xihuang Wan (Rhinoceros Horn Pill), and Xingxiao Wan (Awakening Elimination Pill) can yield good effects when treating early-stage cancer. If the cancer has grown large, using major tonification of Qi and Blood, combined externally with methods to promote blood circulation, move Qi, and soften hardness, can slowly dissipate it. Only cases that ulcerate with decline of Shen (Spirit) and Qi are incurable. When the doctor said there was no miraculous formula, he might have referred to ulcerated cases. The doctor expressed satisfaction with the exchange of knowledge during this trip to China. He stated that upon returning home, he would establish a Han Medicine Research Society at Nanyodo in Aoyama, aiming for a global gathering of medical sciences, recruiting famous doctors nationwide, publishing books and newspapers, and inviting present physicians as natural members, expressing a strong desire for spiritual or material cooperation.
I am deeply moved by the revival of Han medicine in Japan. I feel that any academic discipline established in the world must have a firm footing, which is the truth in human hearts. Like the sun and moon traversing the sky, and rivers and seas weaving the earth, no political authority can destroy or annihilate them. As the Buddha said, fire cannot harm, and weapons cannot break them; this refers to this truth. The most domineering and authoritative figure in our country's history was Qin Shi Huang. Yet, with all his power, he could only conquer the six states and drive away the Xiongnu to the north. His burning of books and burying of scholars was merely for momentary pleasure. Before his body was even cold, the Six Classics of Confucianism were found intact. Authority cannot destroy truth. Western medicine has spared no effort in destroying National Medicine, yet truth resides in the heart. Despite Japanese Western medical science surpassing Britain and France in advancement, and despite the government's severe ban on Han medicine, there is today a realization. The whole country is rising like wind and clouds; the wrong path is not far, recognizing today as right and yesterday as wrong. Looking back at our country's Western medicine, it is like a long night, deep in slumber. Although loud cries awaken none. I wish the doctor takes these records away and studies them carefully. Ultimately, do germs cause disease, or does disease produce germs? Among coccobacilli, bacilli, cocci, diplobacilli, monobacilli, diplococci, and monococci, in the analysis of all bacteria, compared to the profound study of Six Excesses (Wind, Cold, Summer-Heat, Dampness, Dryness, Fire) and Seven Emotions, which is more important? Which is more useful? Do the twelve organs governed by our medicine, the twelve meridians traversed, the distinctions of Ying (Nutritive) and Wei (Defensive) Qi and Blood, and the Jing-River-Shu-He (Well-Spring-Stream-Estuary-Confluence) acupoints truly lack basis and are merely mystical sayings? Are the histological analyses of human cells, atoms, salts, iron, phosphorus, proteins, starches, white blood cells, and red blood cells truly necessary? Regarding inflammation of membranes such as meningitis, pleurisy, and peritonitis, and inflammation of organs such as pneumonia, encephalomyelitis, and appendicitis, knowing only the inflammation but not the cause of inflammation, Western medicine attributes it to microbes causing inflammation. National Medicine blames Qi and Blood stagnation for producing microbes. The reason for Qi and Blood stagnation lies in external contraction of Six Excesses or internal injury of Seven Emotions. Which theory is correct? National Medicine differentiates meridians and syndrome patterns; each of the Six Meridians has its principal and secondary symptoms. Moreover, the boundaries of Ying, Wei, Qi, and Blood are clear. Therefore, regardless of how strange or new the disease, even if not recorded in books, as long as the evidence is identified clearly, there will be no lack of medicine to cure it, and efficacy can be achieved without trial, which is safer and simpler than blood tests, sputum tests, and urine tests. Western medicine takes the human body as its object, while National Medicine takes the disease syndrome as its object; this is still speaking superficially. Actually, what National Medicine values most is beyond the disease syndrome. Where human spirit resides, where soul and魄 (Po) hide, and where will originates, is the source of life. National Medicine calls this Yuan Qi (Original Qi). If Yuan Qi exists, even severe illness will not kill; if Yuan Qi perishes, even mild illness will kill. Therefore, for the same disease syndrome, due to differences in constitution among men, women, old, young, strong, and weak, and variations in customs and living habits between North and South, urban and rural areas, treatments cannot be uniform. How can one specific effective drug universally treat identical diseases? This aspect requires particular attention. All these issues must be discussed one by one. As for the organization of Han medicine prescriptions, the roles of Jun (Monarch), Chen (Minister), Zuo (Assistant), and Shi (Envoy) surpass the Western medicine of scientific analysis. The doctor already knows this, so no need for me to elaborate.
**Second Record of the Revival of Han Medicine in Japan**
News reports indicate that during the nationwide movement to revive Huang-Han Medicine in Japan, the worship and faith in Han medicine go without saying. The Oriental Wa-Kan Medical Research Association unveiled the banner "Beacon Fire for the Improvement of Modern Medicine" as a call to action. It meant that "Modern medicine urgently needs reform; reviving Han medicine is like lighting a beacon fire on a mountain peak, which will elicit responses from the whole world." The president of this association, Mr. Hideki Watanabe, was a student in Germany and obtained a German doctoral degree. After returning to Japan, he served as the director of several major domestic hospitals. In this declaration, he stated: "I often felt that Western therapeutic science was insufficient for application and lacked sufficient certainty, so I resolved to study Han medicine. After mastering it, I realized that my previous contempt for Han medicine was entirely driven by emotion. Therefore, I wish to vigorously promote Han medicine and open a new path for world medical science."
At a time when the whole nation was madly focusing on Han medicine, the Yakusoukai (Medicine Window Society) was organized at the Kyoto Pharmaceutical College in Japan. Its president, Michitada Yonekura, a Japanese Viscount renowned in his time, specially invited Dr. Banshu Nakao, a Doctor of Pharmacy, to edit the book *An Examination of Bencao Bibliography*, to be published during the commemoration of the Emperor's Grand Ceremony. The purpose of publishing this book was to guide the entire Japanese pharmaceutical industry to study Chinese Bencao. Students in Japanese medical schools viewed Chinese drugs in *Bencao* as an important course in Pharmacognosy, showing unexpected emphasis on Chinese herbs. However, looking back at domestic medical schools, where Western medicine schools treat Chinese herbs as worthless, it is enough to make one choke with indignation.
The Department of Pharmacy at the Japan Imperial Women's Medical College also had an organization specializing in Han medicine and Han drugs. Dr. Tsukamoto supervised the progress, and there were already various publications, all concerning the study of Chinese medicine.
Among the ranks of the Han medicine revival movement, the most watched by the nation was the publication of *National Translation of Compendium of Materia Medica*. Newspapers competed to report on it, viewing it as a new emerging event in Japan today. Those listed as participants included Professor Emeritus of the University of Tokyo and Doctor of Pharmacy, Mr. Kotaro Shirai, who served as supervisor and annotator; Professor of the University of Tokyo and Doctor of Science, Mr. Tomitaro Makino, who was the examiner of *Compendium of Materia Medica*; and Professor of the University of Tokyo and Doctor of Science, Mr. Wakamizu, among others, who participated in compilation, translation, and revision work. The content of the book was expanded into fifteen massive volumes, sold for eighty yen. The ancient Chinese Mr. Li Shizhen was so revered by Japan, demonstrating that the true value of Chinese medicine has received preliminary recognition in the world. However, in the eyes of Japanese medical doctors, they only recognize Li Shizhen's *Compendium of Materia Medica* and have not yet recognized Zou Run'an's *Commentary on the Classic of Materia Medica* (*Benjing Shuzheng*). They only know drug properties but do not understand prescription meanings. According to the difference between Western and Chinese medicine, not only are disease diagnosis and understanding of disease sources different, but their approach to drugs also differs. Chinese medicine emphasizes synthesis (He Hua), collecting a group of drugs with individual characteristics into one vessel, adding water, and boiling to create a special medicinal juice; Western medicine emphasizes differentiation, analyzing one drug into various components to achieve various uses. This is the difference between Western and Chinese medicine. Today, people studying Han medicine focus on Bencao but do not understand prescription meanings. They are still unknown miles away from the gate of our Han medicine, although they are already superior to Western medicine in our country.
**On the Revival of Han Medicine in Japan**
I have written twice about the revival of Han medicine in Japan, publishing them in the *Diamond Newspaper*. Why do I not write a joyful article about this matter? Because I firmly believe that the academic foundation of our Han medicine in this world indeed has an indelible foothold and an unshakeable truth, which political authority cannot destroy or annihilate. Verifying past history, the tyrannical policy of Qin Shi Huang burning books and burying scholars, and the brutal decree of Emperor Shizu of Yuan ranking scholars ninth and beggars tenth—how short a time ago? The Six Classics still appeared, and Confucianism was still valued by the world. Did the tyranny of Qin and Yuan ever damage Confucianism even slightly? The truth seen by Han medicine in diseases is no different from the certainty seen by Confucianism in principles. Seeing that Confucianism is not diminished, we know that medicine will always exist. Loving life and fearing death is human nature. Han medicine can remove diseases from people, preserve their lives, and make them healthy and long-lived. Therefore, people share this heart and principle. Even if political authority reaches its extreme, in academia, it is merely temporary visibility or invisibility. The progress of Japanese Western medical science has surpassed Britain, America, France, and Belgium, comparable to Germany. And the president of the Oriental Wa-Kan Medical Research Association, German Medical Doctor Hideki Watanabe, issued a declaration: "I often felt that Western therapeutic science was insufficient for application and lacked sufficient certainty, so I resolved to study Han medicine. After mastering it, I realized that my previous contempt for Han medicine was entirely driven by emotion, so I wish to vigorously promote Han medicine and open a new path for world medical science." After the Japanese government lifted the ban on Han medicine, Han medical organizations across the country rose like wind and clouds, like bamboo shoots after rain. The Japanese translation of *Compendium of Materia Medica* consists of fifteen massive volumes per set, selling for up to eighty yen. Why does the Japanese medical community act in such a way? It is because Han medicine itself has true value and indeed has an indelible foothold and an unshakeable truth. However, what the Japanese study today is biased only towards drug properties, far from prescription meanings, and even farther from disease sources. From the perspective of our national doctors, they have only grasped the initial step of recognizing our medicine. We hope they will work hard, continue researching constantly, and not boast of minor achievements. Because the Wa-Kan Medical Research Association made the arrogant statement of "Beacon Fire for the Improvement of Modern Medicine," I discuss it here.
**Preface to "Outline of National Military Traumatology"**
Treating diseases in National Medicine is generally divided into three causes: First is Internal Cause, referring to diseases of the Five Thoughts, Six Desires, and Seven Emotions, whose causes originate from within, named Internal Cause; Second is External Cause, referring to pathogens of Wind, Cold, Summer-Heat, Dampness, Dryness, and Fire (Six Excesses), which become diseases through external contraction via Qi interaction, named External Cause; Third is Neither Internal nor External Cause, referring to injuries from swords and arrows, falls and impacts, broken tendons and bones, torn flesh and shattered skin, which belong neither to internal nor external causes, named Neither Internal nor External Cause. Medical books are numerous, mostly belonging to Internal and External Causes. As for Neither Internal nor External Causes, they belong to Traumatology. People in this field are usually skilled in technique but deficient in literature, valuing master-disciple transmission and keeping secrets through oral instruction, so their written records are rarely seen. Mr. Dong Zhiren, proficient in traumatology, specially compiled a book based on his lifetime experience, titled *Outline of National Military Traumatology*. Each prescription in the book was annotated by famous doctor Mr. Wang Yiren, making the secret techniques of traumatology public to the world. From now on, our medical community will be able to glimpse the path to the previously mysterious field of traumatology. Therefore, I happily write this preface.
January 4, Republic of China Year 25. Prefaced by Lu Shie of Qingpu at his residence in Shanghai.
**The Problem of Leprosy**
Leprosy is a type of Li Feng (Plague Wind), known since ancient times as a malignant disease. One signing as "Master of Lianxiang Pavilion" announced in the *Shen Bao* newspaper about leprosy in Guangdong, stating: Leprosy is an untreatable disease more terrifying than anything. If a person contracts leprosy, his life is over. In the middle ages of Europe, in whatever country, anyone caught with leprosy was immediately shot. In the northeastern provinces of China, leprosy is still rare, but in Guangdong, it has become a very serious problem.
**Leprosy Valley**: Tens of miles past Shunde County in Guangdong, there is a very desolate place where people suffering from leprosy gather. They have no profession and no work, earning a living by begging all day. Their method of begging is to hold a very long wooden stick with a small iron jar tied to the top, asking passersby for money. If they do not give it, they will spit on you. It is said that this is more poisonous than anything. Single women dare not pass by, because there is always the danger of being kidnapped.