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[Background Information]
Book: *Waitai Miyao* (Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold for Emergencies)
Author: Wang Tao
Dynasty: Tang Dynasty, Tianbao 11th Year
Chapter: Twenty-One Formulas for Red and Painful Eyes
Category: Formulas

[Etiology and Pathogenesis]
The liver qi connects with the eyes. If there is heat in the liver qi, this heat rushes upward to the eyes, causing redness and pain. (From Volume 28)

**Guangji Formula for Treating Red Eyes and Fetal Redness**
Wrap half a part of honey and one part of rock salt (yanlu) in clam meat. At night before sleep, warm it over fire and apply to the eyes. Discontinue after two to four days when healed.

**Another Formula**
Mix pig bile with five parts of rock salt (yanlu). Instill into the eyes; effective.

**Shenshi Formula for Clearing Heat from Red and Painful Eyes using Coptis Decoction**
*Coptidis Rhizoma* (Huanglian) (half liang)
*Jujubae Fructus* (Dazao) (one piece, cut open)
Take the above two ingredients, add five he of water, decoct to obtain one he of liquid. Strain the dregs. Filter through cotton cloth. Take an amount the size of a hemp seed and instill into the eye. Ten times during the day, twice at night. Avoid pork.

**Jiyan Formula for Treating Red and Painful Eyes**
*Gan Zhuye* (Sweet Bamboo Leaf) (fourteen leaves)
*Mume Fructus* (Wumei) (four liang, crushed)
*Qianbi* (Copper Coin) (three wen)
Take the above three ingredients, add two sheng of water, soak the herbs for half a day. In the morning, boil over the east-facing stove for three boiling cycles (preventing overflow). Obtain two he of liquid. Instill into the eyes before sleep.

**Another Formula for Washing Eyes for Redness and Pain**
*Ruihexin* (Prunus mume Kernel/Rui Ren) (twenty pieces, crushed)
*Ku Zhuye* (Bitter Bamboo Leaf) (one handful)
*Xixin* (Asarum) (half liang)
Take the above three ingredients, add three sheng of water, decoct to obtain half a sheng. Use to wash the eyes, three to five times daily; very effective.

**Shanfan Formula for Washing Eyes for Redness using Bamboo Leaf Decoction**
*Danzhuye* (Light Bamboo Leaf) (five he)
*Coptidis Rhizoma* (Huanglian) (four pieces)
*Qingqian* (Green Copper Coin) (twenty wen)
*Jujubae Fructus* (Dazao) (twenty pieces, peeled and pitted)
*Gardeniae Fructus* (Zhizi) (seven kernels)
*Plantaginis Herba* (Cheqiancao) (five he)
Take the above six ingredients, add four sheng of water, decoct to obtain two sheng. Use to wash the eyes, six to seven times daily. This formula is excellent. Avoid pork.

**Qianjin Formula for Treating Red and Dim Eyes**
*Amygdalus communis* juice from unripe apricot kernels (Xingren) (one he)
Salt (five liang)
*Qingqian* (Green Copper Coin) (three wen)
Combine the above three ingredients in a porcelain vessel. Seal tightly to prevent leakage. After one hundred days, take out and apply to the corners of the eyes. Two to three times daily.

**Qianjin Yi Formula for Treating Red Eyes**
Forty-nine *Amygdalus communis* kernels (Xingren), peel off skin and tips, wrap in silk bag. Steam over rice until cooked. While hot, squeeze out the almond oil (lip). Add *Chloritum* (Tongqing) and *Cerussa* (Hufen), each the size of a soybean. Add dried ginger (*Ganjiang*) and rock salt (*Shiyan*), each the size of half a soybean. Grind finely. Dip a chicken feather into the mixture and sweep/instill into the eye corners. Three times daily, twice at night.

**Another Formula**
Almond oil (Xingren zhi) (one he)
Rock salt (Yanlu) (size of a jujube pit)
Stamped salt (Yincheng yan) (three pieces)
Prepare the almond oil as described above: crush almonds into a paste, place in a cloth bag, steam, and squeeze out the oil. Place in a sealed container, add other medicines. Sit upright with the container covered for twenty-seven days. Before sleep, instill into the eyes four times. Not exceeding seven applications until healed.

**Another Formula for Red Eyes Regardless of Duration**
*Borax* (Pengsha) (three liang). Soak in a vessel containing vinegar slurry. Expose to sunlight for three days until the medicine adheres to the sides of the vessel. When dry, take particles the size of millet seeds. Instill into both eyes at night. Not exceeding three or four applications; permanent cure. Using equal parts of rock salt (*Shiyan*) and alum (*Shidan*) is even better. (From Volume 11. "Tong" refers to sturdy pottery, such as coarse earthenware jars.)

**Zhang Wenzhong Formula for Treating Hot Redness of Both Eyes**
Soil from the east wall, sifted through fine silk. Take an amount the size of a bean and place in the corners of both eyes to induce tearing. Three to five applications will heal. Very effective for common use. (Same as *Zhouhou Beiji Fang*)

**Another Effective Formula for Red Eyes, New or Old** (Divine Efficacy Formula)
Rock salt (*Shiyan*) the size of a jujube pit. Human milk the size of a jujube. Place in an old copper bowl. Grind with ten ancient coins until the mixture becomes thick and green at the bottom of the bowl. Take prepared mugwort (*Ai*) and knead quickly into a ball the size of a chicken egg. Dig a small pit in the ground. Place the mugwort in the pit and burn it to produce smoke. Cover with the copper bowl and surround with soil to contain the smoke. Wait until the mugwort burns out... [Text incomplete here, implying collection of the condensed substance].

**Yannian Formula for Persistent Red and Hot Eyes due to Unceasing Guest Heat in the Liver**
*Coptidis Rhizoma* (Huanglian) (three liang)
*Fraxini Cortex* (Qinpi) (three liang)
Cut the above two ingredients. Add three sheng of water, decoct to obtain one sheng five he. Strain. Take warm after meals, divided into two doses. Administer at intervals equivalent to walking eight or seven li. Must be effective.

**Another Drink Formula for Red Eyes**
*Peucedani Radix* (Qianhu)
*Coptidis Rhizoma* (Huanglian)
*Fraxini Cortex* (Qinpi)
*Scutellariae Radix* (Huangqin)
*Gardeniae Fructus* (Zhizi) (each three liang)
*Cassiae Semen* (Juemingzi) (two and a half liang)
*Pruni Armeniacae Semen* (Ruiren) (one liang, crushed)
*Bamboo Leaves* (Zhuye) (one sheng)
Cut the above eight ingredients. Add six sheng of water, decoct to obtain two sheng five he. Strain. Divide into three doses. Take after meals. Avoid pork.

**Another Formula for Red Eyes**
*Pruni Armeniacae Semen* (Ruiren)
*Scutellariae Radix* (Huangqin)
*Gardeniae Fructus* (Zhizi)
*Coptidis Rhizoma* (Huanglian)
*Fraxini Cortex* (Qinpi) (each two liang)
*Bamboo Leaves* (Zhuye) (one sheng)
Cut the above six ingredients. Add five sheng of water, decoct to obtain one sheng six he. Divide into three doses.

**Another Formula for Red and Hot Eyes**
*Peucedani Radix* (Qianhu) (two liang)
*Saposhnikoviae Radix* (Fangfeng)
*Cassiae Semen* (Juemingzi)
*Coptidis Rhizoma* (Huanglian)
*Pruni Armeniacae Semen* (Ruiren) (each two liang)
*Bamboo Leaves* (Zhuye) (one sheng)
Cut the above six ingredients. Add six sheng of water, decoct to obtain two sheng. Divide into five doses.

**Another Bamboo Leaf Drink for Phlegm-Heat Red Eyes and Headache**
*Bamboo Leaves* (Zhuye) (one handful)
*Rhinocerotis Cornu* (Xijiao) (shavings)
*Belamcandae Rhizoma* (Shengma)
*Puerariae Radix* (Gegen) (dried) (each two liang)
*Scutellariae Radix* (Huangqin)
*Ophiopogonis Tuber* (Maidong) (each three liang, heart removed)
Cut the above six ingredients. Add six sheng of water, decoct to obtain two sheng. Divide into three doses.

**Another Formula**
*Bamboo Leaves* (Zhuye) (one handful)
*Hordeum vulgare* (Mai) (one sheng, washed)
*Phellodendri Cortex* (Digupi) (three fen)
Add five sheng of water, decoct to obtain two sheng. Stop when the barley is cooked. Divide into two doses after meals. (Provided by Jiang Xiaozhang)

**Jin Xiao Formula for Red and Painful Eyes with Blurred Vision**
Grind *Natrii Sulfas* (Xiaoshi/Niter) into powder. Instill a millet-sized amount into each of the four corners of the eyes. After a moment, hot tears will flow. Then sleep. Upon waking, wash the eyes with grain wash water. This also brightens vision.

**Another Formula for Red Eyes and Ulcers on the Eyes**
*Fraxini Cortex* (Qinpi) (one da liang). Soak in one da sheng of clear water in a white porcelain bowl. For spring and summer, soak for the duration of one meal until a green color appears. Wrap cotton around the tip of a chopstick, dip into the liquid, instill into the eyes, and drain excess.

**Another Formula Bestowed by Yuan Ganyao for Red Eyes**
Raw rock sugar (*Shimi*)
*Cinnabaris* (Zhusha) (bright quality)
Rock salt (*Shiyan*)
*Natrii Sulfas* (Mangxiao)
Rock salt (*Yanlu*)
*Concha Arcae* (Shiejue Ming) (coarse skin removed, finely ground, each six fen)
*Pruni Armeniacae Semen* (Ruiren) (three hundred pieces)
*Coptidis Rhizoma* (Huanglian) (from Xuanzhou)
*Asari Radix et Rhizoma* (Xixin) (each one liang)
*Sepiae Endoconcha* (Wuzheiyu Gu) (two cun long, nail removed)
Grind and sieve the above ten ingredients finely. When applying, mix a small amount with white honey. Place an amount the size of a mung bean in the two large corners of the eyes. Do not avoid wind or sun. All conditions except those that are ulcerated or necrotic will heal. This is a secret formula worth ten thousand gold. Avoid pork and raw vegetables.