千金翼论曰，按本草所出郡县，皆是古名，今之学人卒寻而难晓，自圣唐开辟，四海无
外，州县名目，事事惟新，所以须甄明，即因土地名号，后之学人容易即知，其出药土地，
凡一百三十三州，合五百一十九种，其余州土皆有，不堪进御，故不繁录耳。
关内道
雍州 柏子仁 茯苓
华州 复盆子 茯神 杜蘅 柏白皮 茵芋 天门冬 木防己 麦门冬 黄精 王不留
行
小草 款冬花 桑螵蛸 白蔹 松子 松萝 玄参 兔肝 沙参 远志 续断 泽泻 山茱
萸五味子 萆 茯藜 白薇 桔梗 通草 石南 龟头 石苇
同州 （ 虫 麻黄根 斑蝥 芜荑 麻黄 蒲黄 寒水石 麻黄子）
岐州 （HT 鸡 及己 獐骨 藜芦 獐髓 秦艽 鬼督邮 甘草）
宁州 （芫青 荆子 子 虻虫 蓄 花）
（州芍药 黄芩 茹 秦艽）
原州 （兽野狼牙 黄 枫柳皮 白药 苁蓉）
延州 （芜荑）
泾州 （泽泻 秦艽 防风 黄芩）
灵州 （代赭 苁蓉 野猪黄 脂）
盐州 （青盐）
河南道
洛州 （黄鱼胆 黄石脂 秦椒）
州 （半夏 桔梗）
郑州 （秦椒）
陕州 （栝蒌 柏子仁）
汝州 （鹿角 鹿茸）
许州 （鹿茸）
虢州 （茯苓 细辛 茯神 白石英 桔梗 栝蒌 桑上寄生）
豫州 （吴茱萸 鹿茸）
齐州 （阿胶 防风 荣婆药）
莱州 （牡蛎 文蛤 茹 乌贼鱼 马刀 牛黄 海藻 海蛤 七孔决明）
兖州 （防风 紫石英 仙灵脾 云母 羊石 桃花石）
蜜州 （海蛤 牛黄）
泗州 （麋脂 麋角）
徐州 （桑上寄生）
淄州 （防风）
沂州 （紫石英）
江南东道
润州 （踯躅 鬼臼 贝母 半夏 卷柏）
越州 （榧子 刘寄奴）
婺州 睦州 歙州 建州（并出黄连）
泉州 （干姜）
江南西道
宣州 （半夏 黄连）
饶州 （黄连）
吉州 （陟厘）
江州 （生石斛）
岳州 （杉木 楠木 蝉蜕 鳖甲）
潭州 （生石斛）
郎州 （牛黄）
永州 （石燕）
郴州 （钓樟根）
辰州 （丹砂）
陇右道
秦州 （防葵 兽野狼牙 野狼毒 鹿茸 鹿角 蘼芜 芎 ）
成州 （防葵 野狼牙）
兰州 （苁蓉 鹿角胶）
廓州 （大黄）
武州 （石胆 雌黄 雄黄）
宕州 （ 本 当归 独活）
河西道
凉州 （大黄 鹿茸 白附子）
甘州 （椒根）
肃州 （肉苁蓉 百脉根）
伊芳州 （伏翼 葵子）
瓜州 （甘草）
西州 （蒲暴）
沙州 （石膏）
剑南道
益州 （苎根 梅煎 枇杷叶 蜀漆 黄环 薏苡仁 郁金 百部根 百两金 恒山
姜黄 干姜 木兰 慎火草 沙糖）
眉州 （巴豆）
资州 （折伤木）
嘉州 （巴豆 紫葛）
绵州 （天雄 侧子 乌头 巴戟天 附子 甘皮 乌喙）
邛州 （卖子木）
沪州 （ 酱）
茂州 （升麻 马牙硝 羌活 朴硝 金牙 大黄 马齿矾 雄黄 芒硝 矾石）
州 （高良姜）
松州 当州（并出当归）
扶州 （芎 ）
龙州 （侧子 乌头 巴戟天 乌喙 天雄 附子）
柘州 （黄进）
岭南道
广州 （石斛 决明子 白藤花 甘蕉根 丁根）
恩州 （蚺蛇胆）
贺州 梧州 象州（并出蚺蛇胆）
桂州 （滑石 蚺蛇胆）
春州 封州 泷州（并出石斛）
融州 （桂心）
韶州 （石斛 钟乳 牡桂）
柳州 （桂心 钓樟根）
州 （蚺蛇胆）
交州 （槟榔 龙眼 三百两银 木蓝子）
峰州 （豆蔻）
（马牙石一名长石一名太乳一名牛脑石，出在齐州历城县 空青出蔚州兰州宣州梓州宣
州者佳，蔚州者无空块大色深深 曾青鄂州蔚州者佳余州者恶 白青简州梓州者并佳
石胆蒲州虞乡东亭谷及薜集窟块如鸡子大者佳，芒硝同名为硝石岭南始安出者佳，莱州
齐州者恶，坚润服之胜乳。乳石第一出始兴其次连广澧朗柳等州，今陕州青溪房州三洞出者，
亚于始兴者自余不可用也。桃花石旧出中州钟山县，似赤石脂但不着舌；赤石脂虢州卢氏县
泽州陵川县慈州吕乡县并有，凡石中有石骨如玉；阳起石齐州历城县西北五六里，齐山西北
六七里卢山出白者佳黑者不堪；石脑一名石饴饼出徐州宋里山，入土一丈余得之大如鸡子触
着即破；青琅 出 州西乌白蛮中及于阗国一名青珠苍石梁州均州房州金州并出；疑水石出
同州韩城县，色青黄理如云母者佳澄城斜理文逆白者劣； 石汉川武当西辽 名 石谷即是
其真者梁州马道成涧中有；土阴柏色白如脂出渭州鄣县三交驿西北坡平地土窟中乳是也，有
六十余坎人云服之同钟乳不发热；戎盐沙州名为秃登盐，廊州名为土阴盐，生河岸山 之阴烧之
不鸣姜石齐州历城东者良；代赭今灵州鸣沙县大胜齐代所出者。）
论曰，既知无物非药，及所出土地，复采得时，须在贮积以供时用，不得虚弃光阴，临
时勿遽，失其机要，使风烛不救，实可悲哉，博学人深可思之，用为备耳。
The *Qianjin Yi Fang* (Supplement to the Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold) states: According to the commanderies and counties recorded in the *Bencao* (Materia Medica) as producing herbs, these are all ancient place names. Scholars today find it difficult to identify them quickly. Since the founding of the Great Tang Dynasty, the four seas have been unified, and the names of prefectures and counties have been completely renewed. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify and verify these, using current geographical names so that future scholars can easily understand them. The lands producing medicinal materials cover one hundred and thirty-three prefectures, totaling five hundred and nineteen types. Although other regions also produce materials, their quality is insufficient for tribute to the imperial court, so they are not listed exhaustively.
Guannei Circuit
Yongzhou: Baizi Ren (Platycladi Semen), Fuling (Poria)
Huazhou: Fupenzi (Rubi Fructus), Fushen (Poria with Hostwood), Duheng (Peucedani Radix), Bai Bapi (Platycladi Cortex), Yinyu (Ilicis Cornutae Folium), Tianmendong (Asparagi Radix), Mugangji (Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix), Maimendong (Ophiopogonis Radix), Huangjing (Polygonati Rhizoma), Wangbuliuxing (Vaccariae Semen), Xiaocao (Scrophulariae Radix), Kuandonghua (Farfarae Flos), Sangpiaoxiao (Bombyx Batryticatus), Bailian (Ampelopsis Radix), Songzi (Pini Semen), Songluo (Usnea), Xuanshen (Scrophulariae Radix), Tugan (Leporis Hepaticus), Shashen (Adenophorae Radix or Glehniae Radix), Yuanzhi (Polygalae Radix), Xuduan (Dipsaci Radix), Zexie (Alismatis Rhizoma), Shanzhuyu (Corni Fructus), Wuweizi (Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus), Bixie (Dioscoreae Hypoglaucae Rhizoma), Fulí (Tribuli Fructus), Baiwei (Cnemidariae Radix), Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix), Tongcao (Tetrapanacis Medulla), Shinan (Nandinae Folium), Guitou (Testudinis Carapax et Plastrum), Shiwei (Pyri Folium).
Tongzhou: (Chong [Text unclear], Mahuanggen (Ephedrae Radix et Rhizoma), Banmao (Mylabris), Wuyi (Terminaliae Chebulae Fructus), Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba), Puhuang (Typhae Pollen), Hanshuishi (Halaesitum), Mahuangzi [Note: likely error in source, usually refers to Ephedra seeds if distinct, but often synonymous or typo]).
Qizhou: (Ji [Text unclear], Ji Ji [Text unclear], Zhanggu (Cervine Bone?), Lulü (Veratri Radix), Zhangsui (Cervine Marrow), Qin Jiao (Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix), Guiduyou [Text unclear], Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma)).
Ningzhou: (Yuanqing (Mylabris), Jingzi [Text unclear], Zi [Text unclear], Mengchong (Tabanidae), Chu [Text unclear], Hua [Text unclear]).
( [Prefecture Name Missing] Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Ru [Text unclear], Qin Jiao (Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix)).
Yuanzhou: (Shouye Langya [Text unclear], Huang [Text unclear], Fengliupi [Text unclear], Baiyao [Text unclear], Congrong (Cistanches Herba)).
Yanzhou: (Wuyi (Terminaliae Chebulae Fructus)).
Jingzhou: (Zexie (Alismatis Rhizoma), Qin Jiao (Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix)).
Lingzhou: (Daizhe (Haematitum), Congrong (Cistanches Herba), Yezhu Huang (Wild Boar Gallbladder), Zhi [Text unclear]).
Yanzhou: (Qingyan (Halitum)).
Henan Circuit
Luozhou: (Huangyudan (Cyprini Carnis Vesica cum Urina), Huangshizhi [Text unclear], Qinjiao (Zanthoxyli Pericarpium)).
[Prefecture Name Missing]: (Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma), Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix)).
Zhengzhou: (Qinjiao (Zanthoxyli Pericarpium)).
Shanzhou: (Gualou (Trichosanthis Fructus), Baizi Ren (Platycladi Semen)).
Ruzhou: (Lujiao (Cervi Cornu Degelatinatum), Lurong (Cervi Cornu Pantotrichum)).
Xuzhou: (Lurong (Cervi Cornu Pantotrichum)).
Guozhou: (Fuling (Poria), Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma), Fushen (Poria with Hostwood), Bai Shiying (Quartzum Album), Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix), Gualou (Trichosanthis Fructus), Sangshang Jisheng (Visci Ramulus)).
Yuzhou: (Wuzhuyu (Evodiae Fructus), Lurong (Cervi Cornu Pantotrichum)).
Qizhou: (Ejiao (Colla Corii Asini), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Rongpo Yao [Text unclear]).
Laizhou: (Muli (Concha Ostreae), Wen Ge (Concha Meretricis et Cyclinae), Ru [Text unclear], Wuzhuiyu (Sepiae Endoconcha), Madao [Text unclear], Niuhuang (Calculus Bovis), Haizao (Sargassum), Hai Ge (Concha Arcae), Qikong Jueming [Text unclear]).
Yanzhou: (Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Zi Shiy ing (Quartzum Rubrum), Xianlingpi (Epimedii Folium), Yunmu (Muscovite), Yangshi [Text unclear], Taohua Shi [Text unclear]).
Mizhou: (Hai Ge (Concha Arcae), Niuhuang (Calculus Bovis)).
Sizhou: (Mi Zhi (Elaphi Adipis), Mi Jiao (Cervi Cornu)).
Xuzhou: (Sangshang Jisheng (Visci Ramulus)).
Zizhou: (Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix)).
Yizhou: (Zi Shiy ing (Quartzum Rubrum)).
Jiangdong Circuit
Runzhou: (Zhizhu (Rhododendri Daurici Flos), Guijiu (Podophylli Fructus), Beimu (Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma), Juanbai (Selaginellae Tamariscinae Herba)).
Yuezhou: (Feizi (Torreya Seed), Liu Jinu (Artemisiae Annuae Herba)).
Wuzhou, Mozhou, Shezhou, Jianzhou: (All produce Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma)).
Quanzhou: (Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma)).
Jiangxi Circuit
Xuanzhou: (Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma), Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma)).
Raozhou: (Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma)).
Jizhou: (Zhili (Parmeliae Thallus)).
Jiangzhou: (Sheng Shihu (Dendrobii Caulis)).
Yuezhou: (Shanmu (Cupressi Lignam), Nanmu (Phoebeae Lignam), Chantui (Cicadae Periostracum), Biejia (Trionycis Carapax)).
Tanzhou: (Sheng Shihu (Dendrobii Caulis)).
Langzhou: (Niuhuang (Calculus Bovis)).
Yongzhou: (Shiyan (Petasites Root? Or specific stone/mineral context, likely Shi Yan (Petasitis Radix) or similar local mineral)).
Chenzhou: (Diaozhanggen (Cinnamomi Ramulus Root?)).
Chenzhou: (Dansha (Cinnabaris)).
Longyou Circuit
Qinzhou: (Fang Kui (Peucedani Radix), Shouye Langya [Text unclear], Ye Langdu (Saussureae Radix), Lurong (Cervi Cornu Pantotrichum), Lujiao (Cervi Cornu Degelatinatum), Miwu (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix), Xiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma)).
Chengzhou: (Fang Kui (Peucedani Radix), Ye Langya [Text unclear]).
Lanzhou: (Congrong (Cistanches Herba), Lujiao Jiao (Colla Cervi)).
Kuo Zhou: (Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma)).
Wuzhou: (Shidan (Chalcanthitum), Cihuang (Orpiment), Xionghuang (Realgar)).
Dangzhou: ( [Root Name Missing] Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Duhuo (Angelicae Pubescentis Radix)).
Hexi Circuit
Liangzhou: (Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma), Lurong (Cervi Cornu Pantotrichum), Fu Zi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata - Note: Source says Bai Fuzi, likely Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix)).
Ganzhou: (Jiaogen (Zanthoxyli Radix)).
Suzhou: (Rou Congrong (Cistanches Herba), Baimaigen [Text unclear]).
Yifangzhou: (Fuyi (Vespertilionis Furculatus), Kuizi (Abutili Semen)).
Guazhou: (Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma)).
Xizhou: (Pu Bao [Text unclear]).
Shazhou: (Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum)).
Jiannan Circuit
Yizhou: (Zhu Gen (Boehmeriae Radix), Meijian (Prunus Mume Extract), Pipaye (Loquuti Folium), Shuqi (Perillae Folium), Huang Huan [Text unclear], Yiyiren (Coicis Semen), Yujin (Curcumae Longae Rhizoma), Baibu Gen (Stemonae Radix), Bai Liangjin [Text unclear], Hengshan (Polygala Tenuifolia? Or specific herb), Jianghuang (Curcumae Longae Rhizoma), Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma), Mulan (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex), Shenhuo Cao [Text unclear], Shatang (Saccharum)).
Meizhou: (Badou (Crotonis Fructus)).
Zizhou: (Zheshang Mu [Text unclear]).
Jiazhou: (Badou (Crotonis Fructus), Zi Ge (Bunge's Kudzu Root)).
Mianzhou: (Tianxiong (Aconiti Radix Preparata), Cezi (Aconiti Radix Preparata), Wutou (Aconiti Radix), Bajitian (Morindae Officinalis Radix), Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata), Gan Pi [Text unclear], Wu Hui (Aconiti Radix Preparata)).
Qiongzhou: (Maizi Mu [Text unclear]).
Huzhou: ( [Sauce/Extract Name Missing]).
Maozhou: (Shengma (Bupleuri Radix or Cimicifugae Rhizoma - Context suggests Cimicifugae), Mayaxiao (Natrii Sulfas), Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), Puxiao (Natrii Sulfas), Jinya [Text unclear], Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma), Machi Fan [Text unclear], Xionghuang (Realgar), Mangxiao (Natrii Sulfas), Fanshi (Alumen)).
[Prefecture Name Missing]: (Gaoliangjiang (Alpiniae Officinarum Rhizoma)).
Songzhou, Dangzhou: (Both produce Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix)).
Fuzhou: (Xiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma)).
Longzhou: (Cezi (Aconiti Radix Preparata), Wutou (Aconiti Radix), Bajitian (Morindae Officinalis Radix), Wu Hui (Aconiti Radix Preparata), Tianxiong (Aconiti Radix Preparata), Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata)).
Zhezhou: (Huang Jin [Text unclear]).
Lingnan Circuit
Guangzhou: (Shihu (Dendrobii Caulis), Juemingzi (Cassiae Semen), Baitenghua [Text unclear], Ganjiaogen (Plantaginis Majoris Radix? Or Banana root Dinggen), Dinggen [Text unclear]).
Enzhou: (Ranshedan (Pythonis Gallbladder)).
Hezhou, Wuzhou, Xiangzhou: (All produce Ranshedan (Pythonis Gallbladder)).
Guizhou: (Huashi (Talcum), Ranshedan (Pythonis Gallbladder)).
Chunzhou, Fengzhou, Longzhou: (All produce Shihu (Dendrobii Caulis)).
Rongzhou: (Guixin (Cinnamomi Ramulus)).
Shaozhou: (Shihu (Dendrobii Caulis), Zhongru (Concha Ostreae? Or Stalactite context), Mugui (Cinnamomi Ramulus)).
Liuzhou: (Guixin (Cinnamomi Ramulus), Diaozhanggen (Cinnamomi Ramulus Root?)).
[Prefecture Name Missing]: (Ranshedan (Pythonis Gallbladder)).
Jiaozhou: (Binglang (Arecae Semen), Longyan [Text unclear], Sanbai Liangyin [Text unclear], Mulanzi (Indigofera Tinctoria Seed?]).
Fengzhou: (Doukou (Amomi Fructus Rotundus)).
(Note on Minerals and Stones): Mayastone is also known as Changshi, Tailu, and Nunaoshi, produced in Licheng County, Qizhou. Kongqing (Azurite) is produced in Weizhou, Lanzhou, Xuanzhou, and Zizhou; those from Xuanzhou are best, and those from Weizhou with large hollows and deep color are superior. Zengqing (Chrysocolla) from Ezhou and Weizhou is good; others are poor. Baiqing (White Azurite?) from Jianzhou and Zizhou is good. Shidan (Chalcanthite) from Dongting Valley, Yu Xiang, Puzhou, and lumps like chicken eggs from Xiji Cave are good. Mangxiao (Mirabilite), also called Xiaoshi, from Shian in Lingnan is good; those from Laizhou and Qizhou are poor, but firm and moist ones are better than Rushi (Galena?). Rushi (Galena) is first produced in Shixing, then in Lian, Guang, Li, Lang, Liu, etc. Prefectures. Those from Qingxi in Shanzhou and Sandong in Fangzhou are second only to Shixing; others are unusable. Taohua Shi (Peach Blossom Stone) was formerly produced in Zhongshan County, Zhongzhou, resembling Chishizhi (Red Halloysite) but does not stick to the tongue. Chishizhi (Red Halloysite) is found in Lushi County, Guozhou; Lingchuan County, Zezhou; Lüxiang County, Cizhou. Any stone containing bone-like jade inside is good. Yangqishi (Actinolite) is produced 5-6 li northwest of Licheng County, Qizhou, and 6-7 li northwest of Lu Mountain, northwest of Qi Mountain; white ones are good, black ones are inferior. Shinao (Stone Brain), also called Shi Yi Bing, is produced in Songli Mountain, Xuzhou; dug from over one zhang underground, size of a chicken egg, breaks upon touch. Qinglanggan (Azure Malachite?) is produced in the West of [Prefecture Missing] among Wu Bai Man tribes and in Khotan, also known as Qingzhu Cangshi; produced in Liangzhou, Junzhou, Fangzhou, and Jinzhou. Yishuishui Shi (Suspicious Water Stone) is produced in Hancheng County, Tongzhou; green-yellow color with cloud-mother-like texture is good; oblique texture from Chengcheng with reverse grain and white color is inferior. [Mineral Name Missing] Shi is true product from Han Chuan, Wudang, Xi Liao, Ming Shi Valley; found in streams in Ma Dao, Liangzhou. Tu Yin Bai (Soil Yin Cypress) is white like fat, produced in soil caves on flat land northwest of Sanjiao Post Station, Zhang County, Weizhou; there are over sixty pits, people say taking it is like Zhongru (Oyster Shell/Stalactite) without causing heat. Rongyan (Potash Salt) in Shazhou is called Tudeng Yan, in Kuo Zhou called Tuyin Yan, grows on the shady side of river banks and mountains, does not crackle when burned. Jiangshi (Ginger Stone) from east of Licheng County, Qizhou is good. Daizhe (Haematite) from Mingsha County, Lingzhou surpasses those from the Qi dynasty.
Commentary: Since it is known that nothing is not medicine, and knowing the places of origin and the proper time for harvesting, one must store and accumulate them for timely use. One must not waste time; do not be hasty when the need arises, lest you miss the critical opportunity and fail to save a life as fragile as wind and candlelight. This is truly sorrowful. Learned persons should reflect deeply on this and use it as preparation.