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Using the whole root to release the exterior, using only the stem does not release the exterior; it is sweet and warm, opening up the stagnation and obstruction of the Cou Li (pores and interstices of the skin).

Remove the floating skin from the head and branches, soak in rice washing water overnight, slice and slightly stir-fry. It clears and benefits the Lung Meridian, eliminates phlegm and regulates cough, clears heat in the Upper Jiao, treats pus discharge from the throat, and various conditions of the mouth and nose.

For slices without the tail, if ascending action is desired, moisten with wine and roast; if descending action is desired, moisten with salt water and roast. It drains excess Ministerial Fire; excessive consumption causes diarrhea.

Soak thoroughly in wine, wrap in coarse paper to absorb excess wine, then bake in ashes. Slice and roast for use. Treats limb spasm and contracture due to Wind-Dampness, assists Yang to unblock blood vessels, benefits the waist and knees to strengthen sinews, and treats Head Wind and vertigo.

Wash to remove bone, cut, dry, and grind into powder. It heals foul flesh (necrotic tissue), treats burns/scalds with pus and blood, and dog bites.

Treats Ding sores (hard boils); chew and apply to dry and cracked hands and feet.

Stops bleeding and relieves pain; treats carbuncles and snakebites.

Remove hairs, soak overnight, dry, and slice. It searches out latent Wind in the Liver and Gallbladder, nourishes blood to benefit sinews, and regulates soreness, numbness, and dysfunction of limbs and joints. Contraindicated in cases of loose stools/diarrhea.

Remove peel, slice, avoid fire processing. Bitter and cold, it travels through the hypochondrium, enters the Gallbladder Meridian, promotes the flow of Qi and Blood, and treats shoulder and back pain. Yin Chai Hu (Radix Stellariae) has similar effects and is especially suitable for those with consumptive weakness. The root acts upward, the tip acts downward.

Remove all peel fibers, soak in Bamboo Sap, dry, and slice. Slightly cold. Treats Wind-Phlegm in the Liver and Gallbladder; no other herb can treat this condition effectively. Chai Hu (Bupleuri Radix) primarily ascends, while Qian Hu (Peucedani Radix) primarily descends. Disperses Wind and clears Heat, eliminates Phlegm, directs Qi downward, opens the stomach and transforms food, stops vomiting, wheezing, and coughing, calms the fetus, and treats night crying in infants.

Sweet and warm, it travels to the Bladder Meridian, drains Excess Fire of the Lung, treats Head Wind and tearing, dispels Dampness. When combined with Huang Bo (Phellodendri Cortex), its efficacy is greatly enhanced; this is a relationship of mutual inhibition and mutual enhancement.

Remove peel and roast for use. Treats all types of gout, disperses carbuncle toxins and evil blood, and expels pathogenic Wind from between the Kidneys.

Those with white interior and black exterior are superior. Treats rectal prolapse, seminal emission with turbid urine, and urinary retention by lifting Qi. Contraindicated in cases of Lower Yuan deficiency.

Breaks blood and moves Qi, unblocks meridians and relieves pain.

Remove the heart, stir-fry with glutinous rice until yellow. Treats Dry Phlegm of the Lung; externally applied to foul ulcers. Zhe Bei Mu (Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus), when cored and stir-fried, specifically eliminates toxin-phlegm from carbuncles and sores.

Remove the head and roots, cut finely, mix with Licorice Decoction, and dry. Astringent and very cold. Ministerial Fire resides in the Liver and Gallbladder; this herb drains Hot-Fire from the Liver, Gallbladder, and Bladder, and treats throat conditions.